- •1. Kyiv University. The Faculty of Law. Prominent People. Kyiv University. Its Historical and Modern Aspects.
- •2. What is Law? Need for Law. The Need for Law. Functions of Law. Kinds of Law
- •3. History of Law. Sources of Law of Great Britain, Sources of Law in Ukraine. The Birth of Law
- •The Legal Heritage of Greece and Rome
- •The Sources of English Law
- •The History of the Ukrainian Legal System
- •Main Sources of Ukrainian Law
- •4. Legal Language. Legalese
- •5. Branches of Law. Branches of the Law of Ukraine
- •International Law
- •The legal profession. Barristers and Solicitors
- •Judges and juries
- •My Future Profession
- •1. Constitution - the Standard of Legitimacy. Types of Constitutions. Constitutions of Ukraine, Great Britain and the usa. Constitution – the Standard of Legitimacy
- •The Constitution of Ukraine
- •The British Constitution
- •The u.S. Constitution and the Bill of Rights
- •The bill of rights
- •2. Political Parties. Elections in Ukraine, Great Britain and the usa. Political Parties of the uk
- •Political Parties of the usa
- •Political Parties of Ukraine
- •Electoral System in the uk
- •Elections in Great Britain
- •Elections in the usa
- •3. Legislative Power in Ukraine, Great Britain and the usa. State Power Institutions in Ukraine: The Verhovna Rada (Parliament) of Ukraine
- •Legislature(Great Britain)
- •The legislative branch(usa)
- •4. Executive Power in Ukraine, Great Britain and the usa. State Power Institutions in Ukraine: Government of Ukraine
- •State Power Institutions in Ukraine: The President of Ukraine
- •Executive(Great Britain)
- •The exacutive power(usa)
- •5. Judicial Power in Ukraine, Great Britain and the usa. State Power Institutions in Ukraine: The System of Judicial Authority
- •Supreme Court of the United Kingdom
- •The system of courts in the united states
- •1. What is the Court? Purposes and Structures of the Court.
- •2. Types of Courts. Types and organization of courts
- •3. Persons in Courts.
- •4. Documents in Courts.
- •2. Company formation. Law firm structure.
- •3. Company Directors and Company Secretaries. Who can be a director
- •Duties and liabilities of directors
- •Company secretaries
- •1. The United Nations and its Bodies. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The Main Organs of the United Nations
- •Universal Declaration of Human Rights
- •Preamble
- •Human Rights Set out in the Declaration
- •2. The Council of Europe and its Bodies. The Council of Europe
- •3. The European Court of Human Rights.
- •4. The European Convention on Human Rights.
- •5. The European Union and its Bodies. The Institutions of the European Union
- •The European Parliament
- •6. The System of Collective Security. The nato. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization
The History of the Ukrainian Legal System
The Ukrainian legal system is very close to the Romano-Germanic legal family. After the October Revolution of 1917 the establishment of the Soviet law in Ukraine was closely connected with the spreading of Soviet power and creation of Soviet state bodies. The peculiarity of the Soviet legal system in Ukraine was that it was based on the legal system of the Bolshevik Russia. That is, it was a reception in a very primitive form: the application of the laws of one state in the conditions of the other. As in every federal state, in the USSR the competencies were divided between the Union and the Union Republics. Foundations of legislation, codes, decrees of the Presidiums of the Supreme Councils of the USSR and Ukraine, various legal acts adopted by all-Union and Republic Ministries, including those adopted jointly with CPSU Central Committee, regulations, instructions, guiding materials, statutes, branch enactments and even the revolutionary feeling of justice were used as legal sources. Judicial practice did not belong to the legal sources. The access to the legislation was restricted. The criteria of such restriction were not defined, but in essence it was a policy of depriving people of their individual rights and liberties.
After the Declaration of Independence the need appeared to build a new state and reform the existing legal system in accordance with the state building tasks. So the main purposes stood for a new state: to reject the inappropriate dogmas of the Soviet law and establish the backgrounds and elements of market economy with its legal relationships. The promulgation of new legislation has begun with adapting relevant norms, the adoption of normative acts in the fields of relations, which had not been regulated by the current legislation, and development of the large codification embracing all areas of law. Joining the Council of Europe, Ukraine has taken obligations to improve its legislation in regard with the human rights protection, and to ensure legal and judicial reform.
Main Sources of Ukrainian Law
The Ukrainian legislative system is based on the systematically organized and concerted legal rules (norms), which are combined to constitute different legal fields.
The principal source of Ukrainian law is the Constitution of Ukraine which has the highest legal force. The norms of the Constitution of Ukraine are norms of a direct effect. Appeals to the court in defense of the constitutional rights and freedoms of the individuals and citizens are guaranteed directly on the grounds of the Constitution. The principle of the rule of law was recognized by the Constitution and became effective. Laws and other normative legal acts should be adopted on its basis and conform to it.
Normative legal acts embrace not only laws proper (zakon) but also various normative acts of competent state bodies issued on the basis of laws, in accordance with laws and for their execution. Normative legal acts in Ukraine have different legal validity depending on the law-making subject.
In accordance with the Decree of the Verkhovna Rada On the order of temporary validity of some legal acts of the former USSR on the territory of Ukraine, such documents are in force in some branches till adoption of the new legislation.
In Ukraine the right to adopt laws belongs exclusively to the competencies of the Verkhovna Rada. The right of legislative initiative in the Verkhovna Rada belongs to the President, National Deputies and the Cabinet of Ministers.
The Verkhovna Rada and other state authority bodies are entitled to issue normative acts of the under-law-level in questions assigned to its jurisdiction. The President of Ukraine, on the basis and for the execution of the Constitution and the laws of Ukraine, issues decrees (ukazy) and directives [di΄rektiv] (rozporiadzhennia). The Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, within the limits of its competence, issues resolutions (postanovy) and orders (nakazy). All the documents produced by the highest power bodies are mandatory for execution on the territory of Ukraine.
Individual ministries, state agencies and committees, in pursuance of laws of Ukraine, issue resolutions, directives and orders within the specific sphere of their competence. All these normative legal acts, normative acts of the National Bank of Ukraine and international treaties of Ukraine are registered at the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine.
Another type of law source is a normative legislation (law-making) which is a mutual agreement and contains the legal rules established by law-making subjects as a result of their multilateral agreement and supported by the state. Such agreements are very important in the spheres of civil, commercial and assets relations.
Acts which govern the observance, execution and application of legal norms (law-implementation acts) are issued by competent bodies or officials within the limits of their authority, e.g. the Office of Public Prosecutor, courts or administrative commissions.
Legal customs, ecclesiastical rules, judicial practice and the doctrine [΄doktrin] consisting of commentaries, articles, books, encyclopedias are not recognized as sources of law in Ukraine.