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The exacutive power(usa)

The executive power in the USA belongs to the President and his Administration. Though powers exercised by the President as chief executive are very great, the US Constitution envisages some measures which do not allow distorting the principle of division of power among the three branches of government.

The presidency of the USA is the highest governmental office. President of the USA is the head of the State and the Government; he is also the Commander-in-Chief of the US Armed Forces. “Administration” is a popular term to identify the executive branch of the federal government responsible for administering and executing laws.

President is assisted by Vice-President and the Cabinet. The President and Vice-President are elected for a term of four years and can be re-elected for another term, but not longer than that, since the Twenty-Second Amendment to the Constitution (1951) limited the President’s term of office.

President must be a natural-born citizen of the USA, at least 35 years old, and at least 14 years a resident of the USA. The term of office of the President begins at noon on January 20.

Presidential elections are held in two stages. The first stage is in November when Americans vote for electors, and the second stage is on the first Monday after the second Wednesday in December, when electors elect President and Vice-President. After the ballots are opened at a joint session of Congress, the President-Elect becomes the US President.

President conducts foreign affairs, signs treaties in the name of the USA, and appoints diplomats, Cabinet members, federal judges with the consent and advice of the Senate. President ordinarily outlines the course of his administration through his frequent messages to Congress. The major presidential messages sent to Congress are the annual State of the Union message, the annual budget message and the economic report.

Vice-President presides over the Senate. The White House may use Vice-President as a contact man among the senators, or he may sit at Cabinet meetings and become a sort of understudy to the President. He takes the President’s office if the President is unable to finish his term.

US President is assisted in Administration by a Cabinet of 12 members. Cabinet secretaries correspond to European ministers. They are heads of different departments and directly and fully responsible to President who appoints them for an indefinite time. Cabinet officials usually serve during his term. When the president’s service ends, it is customary for the Cabinet to resign, so the new president can appoint new chiefs of executive departments. Among the most important departments one should mention the Department of State responsible for American foreign policy, the Department of Defence or the Pentagon, the Department of Justice, the Department of Commerce, etc. The Department of State ranks ahead of other Departments in prestige and seniority, and the political power of the Secretary of State is second only to that of the President. The Secretary of State has the duty of trying to maintain peace and to negotiate economic and political treaties.

In addition to Secretaries President has an inner Cabinet, the so-called “White House Office”, the name given to the President’s immediate assistants and various advisers on different aspects of home and foreign policy.

Under the US Constitution, the House of Representatives may bring charges against the President in impeachment proceedings. The Senate acts as a trial court and a two-third vote in the Senate is necessary for conviction. It is a method provided for getting rid of officials who cannot be dismissed: presidents, vice-presidents and’all civil officers of the United States. They may be removed from office for treason, bribery and other high crimes”.