- •1. Kyiv University. The Faculty of Law. Prominent People. Kyiv University. Its Historical and Modern Aspects.
- •2. What is Law? Need for Law. The Need for Law. Functions of Law. Kinds of Law
- •3. History of Law. Sources of Law of Great Britain, Sources of Law in Ukraine. The Birth of Law
- •The Legal Heritage of Greece and Rome
- •The Sources of English Law
- •The History of the Ukrainian Legal System
- •Main Sources of Ukrainian Law
- •4. Legal Language. Legalese
- •5. Branches of Law. Branches of the Law of Ukraine
- •International Law
- •The legal profession. Barristers and Solicitors
- •Judges and juries
- •My Future Profession
- •1. Constitution - the Standard of Legitimacy. Types of Constitutions. Constitutions of Ukraine, Great Britain and the usa. Constitution – the Standard of Legitimacy
- •The Constitution of Ukraine
- •The British Constitution
- •The u.S. Constitution and the Bill of Rights
- •The bill of rights
- •2. Political Parties. Elections in Ukraine, Great Britain and the usa. Political Parties of the uk
- •Political Parties of the usa
- •Political Parties of Ukraine
- •Electoral System in the uk
- •Elections in Great Britain
- •Elections in the usa
- •3. Legislative Power in Ukraine, Great Britain and the usa. State Power Institutions in Ukraine: The Verhovna Rada (Parliament) of Ukraine
- •Legislature(Great Britain)
- •The legislative branch(usa)
- •4. Executive Power in Ukraine, Great Britain and the usa. State Power Institutions in Ukraine: Government of Ukraine
- •State Power Institutions in Ukraine: The President of Ukraine
- •Executive(Great Britain)
- •The exacutive power(usa)
- •5. Judicial Power in Ukraine, Great Britain and the usa. State Power Institutions in Ukraine: The System of Judicial Authority
- •Supreme Court of the United Kingdom
- •The system of courts in the united states
- •1. What is the Court? Purposes and Structures of the Court.
- •2. Types of Courts. Types and organization of courts
- •3. Persons in Courts.
- •4. Documents in Courts.
- •2. Company formation. Law firm structure.
- •3. Company Directors and Company Secretaries. Who can be a director
- •Duties and liabilities of directors
- •Company secretaries
- •1. The United Nations and its Bodies. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The Main Organs of the United Nations
- •Universal Declaration of Human Rights
- •Preamble
- •Human Rights Set out in the Declaration
- •2. The Council of Europe and its Bodies. The Council of Europe
- •3. The European Court of Human Rights.
- •4. The European Convention on Human Rights.
- •5. The European Union and its Bodies. The Institutions of the European Union
- •The European Parliament
- •6. The System of Collective Security. The nato. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization
2. What is Law? Need for Law. The Need for Law. Functions of Law. Kinds of Law
The question ‘What is law?’ has troubled people for many years. Scientists devote an entire field of study known as jurisprudence to answering this question. Many definitions of law exist, but for our purposes, we can define law as the set of rules and regulations by which a government regulates the conduct of people within a society. Even with this explanation, many questions arise. Where do laws come from? Do we need laws? Are all laws written? Can laws change? If so, how? What is the difference between laws and morals?
To understand the law, we must consider the relationship of law to morals. Traditional ideas of right and wrong influence our legal system. Thus, most people condemn murder, regardless of what the law says. However, everything that they consider immoral is not necessarily illegal. For example, lying to a friend may be immoral but not really illegal.
One thing is certain: every society that has ever existed has recognized the need for law. These laws may have been written, but even primitive people had rules to regulate the conduct of the group. For a very long time now, members of every community have made laws for themselves in self-protection. Without laws, there would be confusion, fear, and disorder. This does not mean that all laws are fair or even good, but imagine how people might take advantage of one another without some set of rules. We are far better off with the imperfect laws which we have, than if we had none at all.
Law serves a variety of functions. It helps to maintain a peaceful, orderly, relatively stable society, to contribute to social stability by resolving disputes in civilized fashion, to facilitate business activities and private planning, to provide some degree of freedom that would not otherwise be possible, to inhibit social discrimination and improve the quality of individual life in matters of health, education and welfare. The law is an enabler, something that permits us to enjoy rights within the framework of an ordered society. In many ways law is the cornerstone of our culture. The rule of law provides society with the rules by which all of us live. Citizens can know the law and live their lives accordingly.
Laws fall into two major groups: criminal and civil. Criminal laws regulate public conduct and set our duties owed to society. A criminal case is a legal action by the government against a person charged with committing a crime. Criminal laws have penalties requiring that offenders should be imprisoned, fined, placed under supervision, or punished in some other way.
Civil laws regulate relations between individuals or group of individuals. A person can bring a civil action (lawsuit) when this person feels wronged or injured by another person. Civil laws regulate many everyday situations such as marriage, divorce, contracts, real estate, insurance, consumer protection and negligence.