Lesson 6 railway trancport of russia

Грамматика: the Present Perfect Tense;

Функции глагола: "to have"; Participle I и Participle II , их функции в предложении.

Пояснения к тексту:

this country -наша страна

to make requirements - предъявлять требования

weather-proof -независящий от погоды

to ensure access -обеспечить доступ

operating division -отделение дороги

facilities- оборудование, приспособление, средства обс­луживания

industrial facilities - промышленные предприятия

Упражнения:

I. Назовите исходную(словарную) форму слова. Расположите сло­ва в алфавитном порядке:

relatively, deliveries, lines, incorporating, highly, fac­tories, developed, includes, carrying, cities.

II. Определите , какой частью речи является слово, напишите её обозначение:

specific, territorial, condition, requirement, operation, relatively, development, transportation, regularity, indust­rial, operate, majority, construction, highly, national, division, department, length, responsible.

Ш. Переведите на русский язык словосочетания с существитель­ными в функции определения:

transport system, river (rail, sea, pipeline, motor, air) transport, transportation costs, construction project, production facilities, transport facilities, city subway, department, subway lines, freight turnover.

IV. Переведите интернациональные слова:

specific, territorial, territory, geographic, climatic, condition, passenger, distance, operation, transport, transportation, system, motor, method, regularity, indust­rial, construction, project, national, economy, production, locomotive, ministry, department, total, type.

TEXT

The specific territorial, geographic and climatic condi­tions of this country, and big volumes of freight and passen­ger traffic over long distances make high requirements to the development and operation of the transport system, which em­braces rail, river, sea, motor, pipeline and air transport.

Railway transport has always been the main method of transportation in this country and distinguished by a high carrying capacity, relatively low transportation costs, high speed and

regularity of deliveries. Besides, it is weather-proof, can be developed throughout the whole territory of the country and ensures access to the majority of industrial facilities and construction projects.

At present, Russian railway transport is one of the major highly developed branches of the national economy, incorporating 32 main lines, 170 operating divisions, over 7000 rail­way stations, a great number of production facilities, inclu­ding locomotive and car-repair factories, and other industri­al railway transport facilities. The Ministry of Railway of Russia includes also a city subway department. Subway lines with a total length of tracks of about 5000 km. now operate in 12 cities.

The total length, of tracks of Russian railways is 146 700 km. They are responsible for 70% of freight turnover and about 40% of passenger traffic of all types off transport of Russia.

V. Поставьте глаголы, данные в скобках в нужной форме:

1. Railway transport of the USSR (to occupy) an outstanding position as a freight and passenger carrier.

2. Metro lines (to operate) in 12 Soviet cities.

3. The transport system (to consist) of rail, river, sea, motor and air transport.

4. Many people (to like) to travel by train.

5. Railway transport (to be) weather-proof.

VI. Заполните пропуски соответствующими модальными глаголами из слов для справок.

1. You … go to Moscow by train or by plane

2. The tram ... come at 11 o'clock.

3. She ... start the experiment tomorrow.

4. You ... take your exam in advance.

5. We use the latest technical achievements on the railways.

(may, can, will be able to, must)

VII. Переведите предложения, определите функцию глагола "to have".

1. Our institute has no hostel. " ^:

2. Railways have always been the main method of transportation.

3. Students have to attend lectures and seminars.

4. 12 Russian cities have metro lines at present.

5. Soviet railways have to carry big volumes of freight over long distances.

VIII. Переведите на русский язык, помня о различных функциях причастий;

1. Each track consisting of two rails has an average weight of about 188 pounds per yard.

2. We spent the whole day preparing for our exam.

З. Russia has the most developed network of electric railways in the world.

4. Making the expеriment he used all the necessary equipment.

5. As seen from the article these engines are produced in Minsk.

IX. Переведите на русский язык, обратите внимание на много­значность выделенных слов:

1. We sat down on a bench that stood under the branches of a big tree.

2. Our Institute has many branches in different cities.

3. There will be a new railway branch here.

4. Our students get knowledge in different branches of sci­ence and engineering.

5. Railway transport is a very important branch of the nati­onal economy.

6. He was present at the lecture yesterday. -

7. On his birthday he received many presents.

8. At present the speed of Russian freight electric locomo­tives is about 110 kph.

9. We must use the Present Indefinite Tense in this sentence»

X. Заполните пропуски предлогами:

1. Railway transport plays a predominant role ... the economy of our country.

2. ... present, metro lines operate ... 12 cities ... Russia.

3. Railway transport is responsible ... 70 per cent … freight turnover.

4. Russian railways transport ... (около) 40% ... passengers.

XI. Найдите в тексте синонимы к следующим словам и переведите их:

cargo, work, include, industrial enterprises, underground, railroad, large, incorporate, major.

ХII. Сгруппируйте в пары слова антонимы, переведите их:

always, low, small, short, big, never, long, high.

ХШ. Переведите предложения. Укажите грамматическую функцию выделенных слов:

1. The ticket to Moscow costs 120 rubles.

2. The cost of the book is 60 kopecks.

3. He lives in the flat number 35.

4. The population of the city numbers 500,000 people.