Lesson 4 Planning of Train Movements.

Грамматика: Модальные глаголы: can,.may, must. Времена группы Indefinite (Active and Passive), Participle I, II (Причастие I, II). Герундий '(Gerund').

Пояснения к тексту:

1. train crew —поездная бригада.

2. single-track railroad -одноколейная железная дорога

3. fast train - скорый поезд

4. division - отделение дороги

5. superintendent - начальник

6. trainmaster – начальник службы движения

7. terminal - конечная станция

8. chief dispatcher - главный диспетчер

Упражнения:

I. Назовите русские эквиваленты слов, не пользуясь словарем;

central, plan, problem, dispatcher, control, office

II. Переведите слова и по суффиксу определите, какой частью они являются: а)существительное; б) прилагательное:

careful, movement, direction, responsible, officer

III. Найдите в правой колонке русские эквиваленты, соответствую­щие английским словам левой колонки:

1. train 1. Железная дорога

2. railroad 2. поезд

3. movement 3. поездная бригада

4. crew 4. движение

5. direction. 5. отделение дороги

6. division 6. управление, руководство

7. order 7. приказ, распоряжение

Text.

Trains cannot meet and pass at any place and at any time.

The task of getting trains over a railroad requires the careful planning of train movements and constant direction from a central office. Each crew cannot take its train along as it pleases, but must work under strict rules and under the orders of directing officials.

On a single-track railroad with trains running in "both directions”, it is necessary for opposing trains to have definite meeting points.

There must also be appointed places where fast trains may go ahead of slow ones. Where there are two or three or even four tracks, the problem of operating trains in two directions is somewhat less difficult than on single track lines, but where more than one track is built, it means that the railroad has heavy traffic and a large number of trains.

In order to simplify the problem of running trains, all railroads (except the very short ones) are divided into operating, units, called “divisions".

Each division is operated as a unit, just as if it were a small railroad. Some trains run only between terminals on a single division. A division is operated under the direction of a division superintendent, who is responsible for the movement of the trains.

Each division superintendent of a railroad has several subordinate officers to aid him in his work. The two which help most in directing the movement of trains are the trainmaster and the chief dispatcher. The trainmaster has control of the train crews and sees that they observe the rules and obey the orders under which trains are moved.

The chief dispatcher if responsible for the movement of all trains and, aided by the train dispatchers he issues the orders under which the train crews run their trains over the railroad.

VI. Заполните пропуски, пользуясь словами для справок. Пред­ложения переведите:

1. All railroads are divided into operating …,called… (crew units)

2. The chief dispatcher is responsible for… the of all trains.( movement)

3. Each …must work under strict rules.( division)

V. В каком абзаце говорится о работе главного диспетчера?

VI. Заполните пропуски предлогами:

I.A division is operated … the direction ... division superintendent.

2.The chief dispatcher is responsible ... the movement …all trains.

3. Each division superintendent … a railroad has several subordinate officers to aid him …his work.

4. The trainmaster has control …the train crews.

VII. Заполните пропуски модальными глаголами:

1. Trains ... meet and pass at any place and at any time.

2. Each crew … work under strict rules.

3. There …also be appointed places where fast trains ... go ahead of slow ones.

(cannot, may, must)

VIII. Укажите правильный вариант перевода предложения:

All railroads are divided into "divisions".

1. Все железные дороги разделены на "отделения".

2. Все железные дороги будут разделены на "отделения".

3. Все железные дороги делятся на отделения.

IX. Найдите в каждом ряду слово, противоположное по значе­нию слову ряда:

1. difficult a)powerful b) easy с) short;

2. simple a) strict; b) chief; c) complicated;

3. to meet a) to run; b) to part (with); c) to build.