Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования

«МОСКОВСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ

УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ПУТЕЙ СООБЩЕНИЯ»

Кафедра «Иностранные языки-1»

ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ И МУНИЦИПАЛЬНОЕ УПРАВЛЕНИЕ

Практикум

по английскому языку по устным темам

МОСКВА – 2012

Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования

«МОСКОВСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ

УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ПУТЕЙ СООБЩЕНИЯ»

Кафедра «Иностранные языки-1»

ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ И МУНИЦИПАЛЬНОЕ УПРАВЛЕНИЕ

Рекомендовано редакционно-издательским советом университета в качестве практикума

для студентов Гуманитарного института специальности «Государственное и муниципальное управление»

под редакцией Федоткиной Е.В.

МОСКВА – 2012

УДК 42

Г72

Государственное и муниципальное управление. Практикум по английскому языку по устным темам / под редакцией Федоткиной Е.В. – М.: МИИТ, 2012. – 149с.

Практикум предназначен для развития навыков и умений устной речи по темам, указанным в «Примерной программе» по иностранным языкам от 2011 года.

Он включает 9 модулей и англо-русский словарь. Текстовой материал заимствован из оригинальной английской литературы и адаптирован в соответствии с целью данных методических разработок.

Практикум представляет собой коллективный труд преподавателей кафедры «Иностранные языки - 1»:

Апресян К.Г. (модуль2 - тема 5, модуль 8 - темы 1,2,3,4,5)

Афанасьева Е. Н. (модуль 2 - тема 2, модуль 5 - тема 4, модуль 6 - темы 6,7)

Дронова Н.А. (модуль 1 - тема1)

Матвеева Н.В. (модуль 6 - тема 1, модуль 7- темы 1,5)

Мирзабекова А.А. (модуль 3 - тема 3)

Мохнаткина Г. В. (модуль 7- темы 3,6,)

Русакова Н.В. (модуль 1 - тема 2; модуль 2 - темы 1,2,4, модуль 3 - темы 1,2,4,5, модуль 4 -темы 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8, модуль 5 - темы 1,2,3,5,модуль 6- темы 2,4,5,8,9,10,11,12, 13,14, модуль 7 - темы 2,4, модуль 9 - темы 1,2,3,4,)

Солопенко Т.А. (модуль 8 - тема 6)

Угольникова И.А. (модуль6 - тема 3)

 МИИТ, 2012

Модуль1. Основы государства и права в Российской Федерации. Государственное управление и право.

Text1. The Bases of State and Law in the Russian Federation

Russia is a multinational and multi-ethnic country with diversity of ideologies and religions. The main law of the Russian Federation is the Constitution. According to the Constitution, Russia is a federation and a presidential republic. The President is the head of state and the commander-in-chief. He is elected for a six-year term and can veto legislative bills before they become laws.

The 1993 Constitution declares Russia a democratic, federative, law-based state with a republican form of government. The state power is divided among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches.

Russia's legislative body was established by the Constitution approved at the December 1993 referendum. The legislative power is represented by the Federal Assembly, which consists of two chambers: the 450-member State Duma (the Lower Chamber) and the 178-member Federation Council (the Upper Chamber). They make federal laws and have power of impeachment. The leading political parties of Russia are the United Russia, the Communist Party, and the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia.

The current Russian government is made up of the Prime Minister, two first deputy prime ministers, seven deputy prime ministers and 17 ministers. Most ministries and federal services report directly to the Prime Minister, who then reports to the President. However, a number of bodies responsible for security and foreign policy are directly under the president's authority. Informally they are collectively referred to as the so-called “presidential bloc”. It consists of the Interior

Ministry, the Foreign Ministry, the Ministry of Emergencies, the Defence Ministry, the Justice Ministry and seven other federal agencies and services.

The judicial power belongs to the system of courts. There are the Supreme Court, the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court of Arbitration, and lower federal courts.

The content of laws is formulated in accordance with international law and principles. Russian is proclaimed the state language, although the republics of the federation are allowed to have their own state languages.

Answer the Questions:

1. What is the main law of the Russian Federation?

2. What type of state is the Russian Federation?

3. How is the state power divided in the RF?

4. When was the legislative body of Russia established?

5. How is the legislative body of Russia represented?

6. How is the lower chamber of the Federal Assembly called?

7. Who has the power of impeachment in Russia?

8. What is the current Russian government made up of?

9. What does the so-called “presidential bloc” consist of?

10. Whom does the judicial power belong to?

Text 2. Law and Public Administration

When people think about government they think of elected officials. However, little is known of those who make governing possible. Much of the policy-making activities of public administration is carried out in large specialised governmental agencies. However, to implement its decisions, public administration must also have numerous profit and non profit agencies, banks, hospitals, district and city governments. In general, public administration is a complex political process involving authoritative implementation of legitimate policy. Whether close to the centres of power or at the street level in local agencies, public administrators are policy makers. They are translators and tailors of government.

Being a source of democratic principles, law is extremely important to public administration. In practice, public administrators are the actual executives of law. However, government must be accountable, open and fair; it must provide equal protection and equal opportunities as well as promote justice. These democratic values are not merely declarations, they are fundamental legal imperatives found in the Constitution, administrative rulings and court decisions. Nowadays law plays an important role in society. It defines and regulates relationships between individuals, business groups and governments. Public administrators must understand legal and constitutional obligations and act in the lawful manner.

In carrying out the law and implementing policy, public servants may interpret the law differently from lawyers. In this context, administrative concern is law in action. There are legal, practical and theoretical aspects of government under law that public administrators need to understand. Law tells them what the legislature expects public servants to accomplish; it fixes limits to their authority and sets forth procedural rights of the individual and the group.

Therefore, law, like administration is government in action. Law establishes, empowers, structures and constrains agencies and programmes. It provides for public participation, representation and official liability.

There is not much agencies can do without reference to legal authority. In fact, law is fundamental to a vast array of administrative operations such as human resources management, education, public health administration, social welfare, rule making, adjudicating, contracting, street-level and other enforcement.

To conclude, if the elected officials are visible to people, public administrator are anonymous specialists. Yet, without their diligence, knowledge and creativity, government will be inefficient and ineffective.

Answer the Questions:

1. Whom do people usually think of speaking about government?

2. What type of work is actually done in large specialised governmental agencies?

3. What institutions must public administration have to implement their decisions?

4. What is public administration in general?

5. Why is law extremely important to public administration?

6. Who are the actual executives of law?

7. What qualities should the government have to implement law?

8. What aspects are defined by law nowadays?

9. What should public servants know to implement law correctly?

10. Are public administrators anonymous or visible and well-known figures?