Lesson I Railways

Грамматика : Времена группы Indefinite.

I. Прочитайте и переведите интернациональные слова.

regular, passenger, revolution, minister, Party, pioneer, plan, to start, diesel, locomotive.

П. Образуйте существительные от глаголов и переведите их:

to construct, to connect, to develop, to communicate, to transport.

Ш. Образуйте наречия от прилагательных и переведите их:

near, great, close, high.

Пояснения к тексту:

power plant – электростанция.

1V. Прочитайте текст. При чтении текста обратите внимание на описание железных дорог до Октябрьской революции и советских железных дорог:

The Soviet state got from the tsarist regime a poorly organized and poorly developed railway network greatly dama­ged in the First World War. By 1917 the, railway network was 70000 km long and most of it was in European part of the country. The freight trains ran at the speed of 30 kph and passenger trains reached 45-50 kph.

However, old Russia could be proud of its railway scientists and engineers who constructed good steam locomotives and the passenger cars produced in Russia were the best in Europe. The Trans-Siberian Railway was thought of as a very important means of communication between Europe and Asia.

After the Great October Socialist Revolution the Soviet Government took steps to reconstruct the railways of the coun­try. The development of railway transport was closely connec­ted with the GOELRO Plan. .The plan provided for the construction of numerous power plants and a whole network of electri­fied railways. In 1926, an electric train started its first-run on the suburban line between Baku and Sabunchi. Another very important step was the development of the diesel locomotive. It was in the Soviet Union that the world's first main-line diesel locomotive was built and put into service on November 6, 1924. When reconstructed, Soviet Railways became a highly-developed and safe means of transport in the country.

Упражнения:

V. Найдите в тексте синонимы слов:

to begin, badly, to be ruined.

VI. Найдите в тексте антонимы слов;

bad, short, small, low, near, to be ashamed of, ri­chly, highly-developed, dangerous means of transport.

VII. Дайте словарную форму прилагательных и переведите их;

safest, lightest, smaller, greater.

VIII. Переведите предложения. Обратите особое внимание на пе­ревод подчеркнутых слов:

1. Now freight trains run at high speed. The run of passen­ger trains is smooth.

2. Earthquakes (землетрясение) damage many railway li­nes. The damage of the earthquake was very great.

IX. Вставьте вместо точек следующие слова:

station, development, a great rail power, trains.

1. The Soviet Union is often called ...

2. The GOELRO Plan provided for the further ... of rail transport.

3. Before the Great October Socialist Revolution ... ran at low speed.

4. This ... was reconstructed last year.

X. Согласитесь со следующими утверждениями или опровергните их. Употребите выражения " It's right “ или “ That's wrong^”;

1. The GOELRO Plan was adopted in 1920.

2. Before the Devolution trains ran at high speed.

3. The Soviet Union is a great rail power because it has inherited a highly-developed railway network from the tsa­rist regime.

4. The Russian engineers contributed to the development of railway transport.

ХI. Ответьте на вопросы по тексту:

1) Why could old Russia be proud of its railway engineers?

2) Was a main or suburban line first electrified?

3) Where and when was the first main-line diesel locomotive constructed?

4) What makes Soviet railways the most efficient means of transport in our country?