Unit 12 страдательный залог

(THE PASSIVE VOICE)

Страдательный залог означает, что кто-то или что-то подвергается действию. Он образуется с помощью вспомогательного глагола to be в соответствующей форме и времени и причастия прошедшего времени (Participle II, Past Participle), образованного от смыслового глагола.

GROUP OF TENSES	PRESENT	PAST	FUTURE
Indefinite Passive	am (is, are) invited	was (were) invited	shall (will) be invited
Perfect Passive	have (has) been invited	had (has) been invited	shall (will) have been invited
Continuous Passive	am (is, are) being invited	was (were) being invited	------

Exercises

1. Make up sentences using the passive voice.

Pattern 1: The students attend conferences.

The conferences are attended by students.

1. During the term the students read a lot of articles. 2. They speak English in Great Britain. 3. The professor answers questions. 4. They make no mistakes in their tests.

Pattern 2: The student made a presentation.

The presentation was made by the student.

1. We discussed an experiment yesterday. 2. They published an interesting article in this magazine. 3. He wrote an essay. 4. The student made a report at the conference.

Pattern 3: The teacher will examine the students.

The students will be examined by the teacher.

1. Mrs. Collins will teach us tomorrow. 2. The students will present the results of their work tomorrow. 3. They will organize a meeting. 4. He will sign the documents tomorrow.

Pattern 4: My brother has given an interesting book to me.

An interesting book has been given to me by my brother.

1. The teacher has explained this rule to us. 2. She has already finished this work. 3. The students have learnt a lot of English words. 4. I have already sent her a message.

Pattern 5: They had finished the work by the evening.

The work had been finished by the evening.

1. The students had learnt much by the end of the term. 2. I had installed the program by 3 p.m. 3. We had had discussed that problem by 8 p.m. 4. By the evening he had written an essay.

Pattern 6: The student will have typed the documents by the time I come.

The documents will have been typed by the student by the time I come.

1. The students will have done by the time you return. 2. I’ll have learnt everything by the time you come. 3. She will have translated an article by tomorrow evening. 4. He will have looked through the papers by tomorrow.

Pattern 7: They are compiling programs now.

The programs are being compiled now.

1. The professor is examining the students now. 2. The students are solving mathematical problems 3. We are discussing these questions now. 4. She is reading a book.

Pattern 8: I was rereading the article when you rang me up.

The article was being reread by me when you rang me up.

1. We were discussing an interesting problem. 2. I was playing computer games when somebody knocked at the door. 3. The professor was examining the students at that time. 4. The students were writing a test.

2. Translate into Russian.

1. Many new experiments were carried out by our students. 2. This experiment is being discussed now. 3. This fact is often referred to. 4. Everything will be explained to you. 5. Our present number system has not been so fully developed as it is today. 6. Euclid’s “Elements” has been used as a basis for all textbooks on geometry since his time. 7. The work had been completed by the end of the term. 8. The article was being looked for everywhere. 9. Several jobs were offered to me. 10. The equipment has been brought to the laboratory today. 11. This rule is usually taken no notice of. 12. Special attention is paid to programming. 13. The great future of semiconductors has been recognized. 14. This method was worked out in our research laboratory. 15. That day he was seen little of. 16. This picture has been already looked at. 17. Many algebraic problems are solved by means of equations. 18. These data will be tested tomorrow. 19. The professor was being waited for. 20. His invention is being much spoken of. 21. They were told that they would continue their research work. 22. He is always listened to with great interest.

3. Use the verbs in brackets in the appropriate form.

1. The problem (to discuss) now. 2. The article (to translate) by tomorrow. 3. At the publishing house I (to tell) that the book (to publish) by the end of the year. 4. Many new books (to buy) by our library last year. 5. This article (to discuss) now. 6. I hope the letter (to send) tomorrow. 7. The book is of great use because some important problems (to touch) upon. 8. The conference (to hold) in three days. 9. The conference (to hold) two days ago. 10. This problem (to discuss) when I entered the laboratory. 11. English (to speak) in Great Britain. 12. The articles (to look) already through. 13. The articles (to look) already through by the evening. 14. The text (to translate) by tomorrow evening.