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UNIT 8

Неопределенные времена

(Indefinite tenses)

Настоящее неопределенное время

(The present indefinite tense)

1. Образование утвердительной формы

При образовании утвердительной формы в настоящем неопределенном

времени используется инфинитив без частицы to. В третьем лице единственного числа к глаголу добавляется окончание –s или – es. Глаголы to be и to have имеют особые формы.

PERSONS (Singular)	AFFIRMATIVE FORM	PERSONS (Plural)	AFFIRMATIVE FORM
1. I	live, have, am	1. We	live, have, are
2. You	live, have, are	2. You	live, have, are
3. He	lives, has, is	3. They	live, have, are
She	lives, has, is
It	lives, has, is

2. Образование отрицательной и вопросительной форм

AFFIRMATIVE FORM	NEGATIVE FORM	INTERROGATIVE FORM
I You study We They	I You don’t study We They	I Do you study…? we they
He She studies It	He She doesn’t study It	he Does she study …? it
I am You (We, They) are He (She, It) is	I am not You (We, They) aren’t He (She, It) isn’t	Am I …? Are you (we, they)…? Is he (she, it) …?

3. Краткие ответы

QUESTIONS	ANSWERS
Do they study mathematics?	Yes, they do. No, they don’t.
Does he study mathematics?	Yes, he does. No, he doesn’t.
Is he a second-year student?	Yes, he is. No, he isn’t.

4. Употребление

Настоящее неопределенное время употребляется:

1. для выражения регулярного или повторяющегося действия

Example:

• I always get up at 7 a.m.

• We attend the English language classes every Monday.

2. для обозначения ряда последовательных действий в настоящем времени

Example:

• Every morning he wakes up at 7 o’clock, gets up at 7:30, runs to the bathroom, has a brief breakfast and hurries to the bus stop to get to the University in time.

• After the classes he gets home, switches his computer on and sits in front of it till dusk.

* Время Present Simple часто используется в художественной литературе, когда идет повествование (narration), или, например, в спортивных репортажах (sport commentary):

• King serves and John makes a wonderful return. He’s playing magnificent tennis in this match… (Sport commentary)

• She goes up to this man and looks straight into his eyes. He‘s not wearing his glasses, and he doesn’t recognize her… (Narration)

3. для выражения законов природы, фактов, прописных истин

Example:

• Water boils at 100 degrees above zero Celsius.

• The Moon revolves around the Earth.

• Students usually have a lot of free time, but they don’t have much money to spend their free time the way they want.

4. для выражения будущего времени, если действие происходит по расписанию

Example:

• The train arrives at 6 p.m. tomorrow.

• We pass the last exam at 9 a.m. next Friday.

* С настоящим неопределенным временем часто используются наречия и обороты речи: always, generally, sometimes, often, frequently, usually, every week, every month, seldom и др.