Direct and Indirect Speech

Ex.1. Пригадайте правила утворення прямої та непрямої мови:

Пряма мова Непряма мова

He says, “I am clever” He says that he is clever.

Він каже: «Я розумний». Він каже, що він розумний.

При переведенні розповідного речення з прямої мови в непряму відбуваються такі зміни:

1. Кома, що відокремлює слова автора, а також лап­ки, в які береться пряма мова, опускаються. Непряма мова вводиться як сполучником that, так і без нього.

2. Особові та присвійні займенники прямої мови за­мінюються в непрямій мові (за змістом) іншими займен­никами.

3. Вказівні займенники й прислівники часу в прямій мові замінюються в непрямій мові відповідно змісту іншими словами таким чином:

Замінюються:

today that day

yesterday the day before

tomorrow the next day/the following day

ago before/previously

this, these that

here there

tonight that night

last year the year before

last month the month before

the following

the day after tomorrow in two day's time

next year the next year/ the following year

the day after tomorrow two days later

the day before yesterday two days before

1.4. Діє правило узгодження часів, а саме:

а) Якщо дієслово в головному реченні стоїть у Present Simple, Present Perfect a6o Future Simple, то дієслово в непрямої мові (підрядне речення) залишається в тому ж часі, в якому воно було в прямій мові.

He says, «l don't know this boy». He says that he doesn't know that boy.

«l am working hard». He says that he doesn't know that boy.

«l'll bring Ann this book. He says he will bring Ann that book.

б) Якщо дієслово в головному реченні стоїть у Past Simple, Past Continuous a6o Past Perfect, то форми часу прямої мови замінюються, в непрямій (підрядне речення) однією з форм минулого часу відповідно до правила по­слідовності часів (див. стор. 192). Згідно з цим правилом часові форми прямої мови замінюються в непрямій мові таким чином:

Present Simple переходить у Past Simple He said, «l don't know this boy». He said (that) he didn't know that boy.

Present Continuous переходить у Past Continuous He said, «l am working hard today». He told me that he was working hard that day.

Present Perfect замінюється Past Perfect He said, «l've got a letter today». He said that he had got a letter that day.

Present Perfect Continuous замінюється Past Perfect Continuous

He said, «l've been waiting for you since 5 o'clock». He said that he had been waiting for me since 5 o'clock.

Past Simple переходить у Past Perfect

He said,«! made it Yesterday». He said (that) he had made it the day before.

Past Continuous замінюється Perfect Continuous

He said, «l was working at 5 o'clock". He said (that) he had been working at 5 o'clock.

Future Simple }

Future Continuous } замінюються Future in the Past

Future Perfect }

He said, «l 'II ring you up next week». He told me that he would ring me up the next week.

1.5. Пряма й непряма мова може вводитися наступни­ми дієсловами: say — сказати, tell (+додат.) — сказати, add — додати, advise — радити, answer — відповідати, complain — жалітися, explain— пояснювати, object — за­перечувати, remark — зазначати, warn (+додат.) — попе­реджувати та ін.

Ex. 2. Виберіть вірний приклад непрямої мови до кожного речення:

1. "I'm waiting for my parents," Nick said.

1. Nick said that he is waiting for my parents.

2. Nick said that he was waiting for his parents.

3. Nick said that he was waiting for my parents.

4. Nick told that he was waiting for his parents.

2. "I can't fix the engine myself," my brother admitted.

1. My brother admitted that can't fix the engine myself.

2. My brother admitted that couldn't fix the engine himself.

3. My brother admitted that can't fix the engine him­ self.

4. My brother admitted that couldn't fix the engine myself.

3. "You should be careful," my friends said to me.

1. My friends said to me that I should be careful.

2. My friends said to me that I should have been careful.

3. My friends told me that I should have been careful.

4. My friends told me that I should be careful.

4. "I will come tomorrow and finish the work," the plumber said to grandma.

1. The plumber said to grandma that he will come tomorrow and finish the work.

2. The plumber promised grandma that he will come the next day and finish the work.

3. The plumber promised grandma that he would come next day and will finish the work.

4. The plumber promised grandma that he would come the next day and finish the work.

5. "The Sun isn't a planet, it is a big star," the teacher explained.

1. The teacher explained to us that the Sun is a big star.

2. The teacher explained us that the Sun is a big star.

3. The teacher explained us that the Sun was a big star.

D) The teacher explained to us that the Sun was a big star.

6. "Don't make so much noise, will you?" the neighbor said to Pete.

1. The neighbour asked Pete to not make so much noise.

2. The neighbour asked Pete not to make so much noise.

3. The neighbour asked to Pete not to make so much noise.

4. The neighbour said to Pete not to make so much noise.

7. "We only got tickets yesterday, though we booked the holiday a long time ago," said Mr. Smith.

1. Mr. Smith said that they had got tickets the last day, though they had booked the holiday a long time ago.

2. Mr. Smith said that they got tickets the previous day, though they booked the holiday a long time before.

3. Mr. Smith said that they had got tickets the previous day, though they had booked the holiday a long time before.

4. Mr. Smith said that they got tickets the previous day, though they had booked the holiday a long time before.

8. "Do you know where Kate is living?" Anne asked me.

1. Anne asked me if I know where was Kate living.

2. Anne asked me if I know where Kate was living.

3. Anne asked me if I know where Kate is living.

4. Anne asked me if I knew where was Kate living.

E) Anne asked me if I knew where Kate was living.

9. "Why didn't you say that to me?" she asked her boy­ friend.

1. She asked her friend why didn't he say that to me.

2. She asked her friend why he didn't say that to me.

3. She asked her friend why hadn't he said that to me.

4. She asked her friend why hadn't he said that to her.

E) She asked her friend why he hadn't said that to her.

10. "I promise I'll write to you as soon as I arrive, Jane," said Nick.

A) Nick promised Jane that he will write to her as soon as he arrives.

2. Nick promised Jane that he would write to her as soon as he arrives.

3. Nick promised Jane that he would write to her soon as he arrived.

4. Nick promised Jane that he would write to her as soon as he would arrive.

E) Nick promised Jane that he would write to her as soon as he will arrive.

F) Nick promised Jane that he wrote to her as soon as he arrived.

Ex.3. Переробіть подані нижче речення з прямої мови в не пряму:

1. She said, “We have been here for a week”.

2. "I have something to tell you," I said to her.

3. Boris told me, “I have already learned Spanish and am learning English now”.

4. "It will be very difficult to persuade her to take care of herself, doctor," I replied.

5. Harry said, ”My brother speaks English very well”.

6. "I have left a message for him, but he hasn't phoned yet," she said.

7. My friend told me, “The dinner is being cooked”.

8. I have a French lesson this evening and I haven't done my homework yet," said the small boy.

9. He said to us, “I have read an interesting book”.

10. "You should be careful," my friends said to me.

Домашнє завдання:

Ex.1.Вивчити правило.

Ex.4. Переробіть подані нижче речення з прямої мови в не пряму:

1. "Give me a cup of tea, please", said my mother to me.

2. "Don't ask me such stupid questions", said Susan to him.

3. "Open your books at page ten", said our teacher to us.

4. "Don't make so much noise", said mother to her children.

5. "Please, open the window", asked his friend.

6. "Don't lock the door", said her granny.

7. He said to me: "Turn the sound down".

8. "Don't phone me so late", said my sister to me.

9. She asked me: "Please, give me his address".

10. "Don't tell her the truth", said they to him.

11. He said to his daughter: "Don't tease the dog!"

12. "Give us a drive, please", they asked him.

13. "Don't be late for the lesson", Susan's teacher said to her.

14. Marry told me: "Don't be frightened".

Питання самоконтролю:

1. Що таке пряма мова?

2. Що таке не пряма мова?

3. Правила утворення прямої та непрямої мови.

Unit.25. Реклама та рекламний лист. Закріплення попередніх знань.