Запомните необходимый минимум профессиональной лексики

occupational safety and health protecting safety health welfare impact workplace environment prevention reduction hazard accident OSH standards legal fees compensatory damage benefit maintenance prevention remit

- производственная безопасность и здоровье (уст.: охрана труда) - защита - безопасность - здоровье - благосостояние - воздействие - производственная среда - предотвращение - сокращение - опасность - несчастный случай - нормы производственной безопасности - судебные издержки - компенсация за убытки - благо - содержание - предотвращение, предохранение - компетенция

Задание I

А. Определите:

а) какой частью речи являются следующие слова:

protect, public, experience, standard, moral, social, criminal, payment, compensatory, reduction, factor, die, productivity, sustain, reinforce, encouragement

б) переведите приведенные выше слова, учитывая значение их суффиксов/префиксов.

Б. Из приведенных ниже слов образуйте однокоренные слова, относящиеся к другим частям речи. Переведите их (при затруднении обратитесь к словарю):

safety (v, adj); regulatory (v, adj); favour (adj); employability (v, n); healthful (n); hazard (adj); compensatory (v, n); productivity (v, n)

Задание II

А. Подберите эквиваленты к словам, обозначенным цифрами:

1. safety 2. accident 3. benefits 4. interaction

a) несчастный случай b) взаимодействие d) пособия f) безопасность

Б. Подберите эквиваленты к словосочетаниям, обозначенным цифрами:

1.experience an impact from the workplace environment 2.safe and healthful working conditions 3.medical treatment 4.the loss of the "employability" 5.a work-related accident 6.implied moral obligations 7.sustain costs in the event of an incident at work

a) испытывать воздействие производственной среды b) медикаментозное лечение c) безопасные и здоровые условия работы d) несчастный случай на производстве e) потеря работоспособности f) обеспечить выплаты при несчастном случае на производстве g) подразумеваемые нравственные обязательства

В. Заполните пропуски, используя предложенные слова или словосочетания:

hazards, compensatory damages, an impact from the workplace environment, OSH standards, a work-related accident.

1. One of the results of the occupational safety and health standards implementation is the security of staff, clients, providers and general public who may experience____.

2. Safety at the places of employment is focused at prevention and reduction of ___with the aim of creating comfortable working conditions.

3. According to official statistics every five seconds a worker in the countries of European

Union can be injured in___________.

4. Both civil law and criminal law protect workers as _________are reinforced in the legal

systems of European countries.

5. If the occupational safety standards are not observed employers usually suffer heavy

financial losses as they have to pay legal fees, fines,_______ for those who have accidents at work.

Задание III

А. Найдите во втором абзаце текста прилагательные в сравнительной и превосходной степени.

Б. Найдите во втором абзаце текста предложения со словом “one” и переведите их.

В. Найдите во втором абзаце текста числительные и определите их категорию (количественные - порядковые).

Г. Найдите в тексте предложения, в которых использованы модальные глаголы и или их эквиваленты.

Д. В первом и втором абзацах текста найдите герундий, укажите его функции в предложениях; предложения переведите.

Е. Найдите в первом абзаце текста случаи употребления причастия II, укажите его форму и функцию в предложении.

Ж. Найдите подлежащее и сказуемое в следующих предложениях:

1. Occupational safety and health (OSH) is a cross-disciplinary area concerned with protecting the safety, health and welfare of people engaged in work or employment.

2. Health and safety at work is one of the most important social policy areas in many countries.

3. Employing organizations also sustain costs in the event of an incident at work

4. A further factor that favors OSH is economic

5. Prevention of fire often comes within the remit of health and safety professionals as well.

Задание IV

А. Ответьте на вопросы:

1. Is OSH a cross-disciplinary area?

2. What are the reasons for establishing OSH standards?

3. What spheres are the most challenging policy areas in many countries?

4. Why does poor occupational safety and health performance result in cost to the State?

Б. Завершите предложение в соответствии с содержанием текста:

1. 1. The reason for OSH standards being reinforced in both civil law and criminal law in the legal systems of European countries is simple: ____ .

2. Governments of many European countries understand that insufficient safety at the place of employment results in cost ____.

В. Выберите предложение, смысл которого противоречит содержанию текста:

1. As is known without the extra "motivation" reinforced in legal parts of working agreement many employers would not act upon their implicit (unstated) moral responsibilities.

2. The most important social strategy spheres in many countries are devoted to the safety and health protection at the places of employment.

3. Many governments of European countries can not understand that non-observance of the occupational safety standards leads to heavy financial losses to the State and employers as they have to compensate the incapacitated costs for medical treatment and the loss of the "employability".

Задание V

Выпишите ключевые слова из второго и четвертого абзацев текста.

Unit 2

Подберите русские эквиваленты следующим словам, содержащим интернациональные корни:

occupation, organization, identify, biological, chemical, physical, stress, infectious, toxin, virus, bacteria, microorganism, parasite, allergic, reaction, concentration, active, anthropogenic, metal, aggression, procedure

Прочитайте текст. Пользуясь словарем, определите значение незнакомых слов и выпишите их в тетрадь.

COMMON WORKPLACE HAZARD GROUPS

Occupation safety and health public organizations in different countries identify and describe the following common workplace hazard groups: biological, chemical and physical agents, workplace and workplace transport accidents, work stress related factors.

A biological agent is an infectious disease or toxin. They include prions, viruses, microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) and some unicellular and multicellular parasites and their associated toxins, found in water, soil, plants, and animals. They have the ability to adversely affect human health in a variety of ways, ranging from allergic reactions that are usually relatively mild, to serious medical conditions, even death. A toxin is a poisonous substance (molecules, peptides, or proteins) produced by living cells or organisms that is active at very low concentrations.

Chemical factors are also numerous. But the most harmful of them referred to anthropogenic factors are

• different gases (sulfur oxides (SOx), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon dioxide (CO2), a greenhouse gas (emitted from combustion);

• volatile organic compounds (VOC), such as hydrocarbon fuel vapors and solvents;

• heavy metals (lead, cadmium and copper) vapor;

• radioactive dust.

Physical agents, include noise (noise pollution), vibration and ionizing radiation. Noise pollution (or environmental noise) is displeasing human- or machine-created sound that disrupts the activity or balance of human or animal life. Noise can damage physiological and psychological health causing annoyance and aggression, hypertension, high stress levels, hearing loss, sleep disturbances, and other harmful effects. Vibration refers to mechanical oscillations about an equilibrium point. Prolonged exposure to vibration, especially on the shop floor, increases the risk of cognitive changes, acrophobia, visual limitations, low back trouble, and epilepsy among other diseases. The frequency of the vibration plays a crucial role in the possible risks of prolonged exposure to vibration. If it is above 24 Hz the human organism cannot cope with retaining its inner balance. The response to vibration is very individual.

Another dangerous workplace factor is ionizing radiation. There are different types of radiation: alpha (α); beta (β); gamma (γ). Various types of ionizing radiation may be produced by radioactive decay, nuclear fission and nuclear fusion. Medical procedures (diagnostic X-rays, nuclear medicine, and radiation therapy) are by far the most significant source of human-made radiation exposure to the general public. The public also is exposed to radiation from consumer products (tobacco, some building and road construction materials, combustible fuels, airport X-ray systems etc.). Non-ionizing radiation is thought to be essentially harmless below the levels that cause heating.

To workplace accidents experts refer slips and trips, falls from height, workplace transport problems, dangerous machinery and electric appliances. For many businesses the times particular care should be taken are during maintenance, repair and alteration work.

Working overtime, emotional, verbal and psychological abuse are considered work-related stress causal factors.

To avoid workplace hazards the employers should also think of workplace comfort. Comfortable working conditions (certain temperature, humidity, lighting) can be achieved by the employment of good ergonomic equipment. Proper ergonomic design is necessary to prevent repetitive strain injuries, musculoskeletal disorders, which can develop over time and can lead to long-term disability.