Алексеева_Л_М___Шайдуллина_А_Р_«Английский_язык»_Часть_III__Методические_указания_по_провед
.PDFПЗ-4 Тема: Российские и зарубежные нефтяные компании
Учебные цели: формирование лексического минимума посредством чтения и устной речи по теме, активизация знаний об инфинитиве с предлогом for.
1. Грамматический материал, подлежащий усвоению |
АГНИ |
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§ 33. Орловская И.В, Самсонова Л.С., Скубриева А.И. Учебник английского языка для студентов технических университетов и вузов. – М.: Издательство МГТУ им. Н.Э. Баумана, 2008, – 410 с.
Полякова Т.Ю., Синявская Е.В., Тынкова О.И., Улановская Э.С. Английский язык для инженеров: Учебник. – М.: Высшая школа, 2007 – 463с.
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Применение грамматических знаний |
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2.1. Переведите на русский язык. |
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He waited for the paper to be published. |
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There is only one thing for you to do. |
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Here are a few books for you to read. |
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Everybody waited for the lecture to begin. |
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It is difficult for him to solve this problem. |
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Much experimental work is needed for these phenomena to be explained. |
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2.2. Переведите на английский язык. |
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Он ждали когда аппарат начнет работать. |
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Есть только три устройства, которые мы купим. |
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Вот мой доклад, чтобы Вы прочли. |
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Для меня было легко понять значение эксперимента. |
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Много време и ужно, чтобы понять как работает это оборудование. |
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3. Чтение и устная речь |
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3.1. Текс ы для чтения, перевода и формирования лексического минимума по |
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TATNEFT |
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еTatneft (Russian: ОАО «Татнефть») is a Russian vertically-integrated |
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oil and gas |
company with headquarters in the city of Almetyevsk, in |
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the Republic of Tatarstan. It is the sixth largest oil company in Russia. |
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Э The company has more than 70'000 employees across Russia. |
History. Tatneft was created in 1950 by the merger of several local oil companies and related industries.
Operations. The main activities of Tatneft are:
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• gas and oil exploration and production
• gas and oil refining and marketing
• petrochemicals (including Nizhnekamskshin tire-making plant)
• banking services (through its subsidiaries Bank Zenit and Bank Devon-Credit).
As of 31 December 2007, Tatneft had total proved reserves of approximately 862 million tons of crude oil. It operated 77 oil fields, including the main field of the company - Romashkino, with total production capacity of 25 million tons of oil and 700 million tons of gas annually. Other main oil fields are Novo-Yelokhov and Bavly. As of 1 July 2010, Tatneft had 626 filling stations, of which 490 are located on
the territory of the Russian Federation and 136 are located in Ukraine. |
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Through its subsidiary TANEKO, Tatneft has constructed the |
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Nizhnekamsk refinery and petrochemical complex. |
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3.2. Лексика для запоминания. |
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headquarters – главное управление, центральныйоорган |
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employee- работник |
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merger – объединение, слияние |
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сбытбл |
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activities – деятельность |
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refining and marketing – переработка |
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tire – шина |
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approximately – приблизительно |
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subsidiary |
- филиал |
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3.3. Задания по содерж нию текста: |
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А. Составьте и апишите 3 вопроса по содержанию текста и задайте их в |
устной беседе по тексту.
В. Напишите краткое содержание о компании в 3 предложениях и выучите ее. |
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С. Подготовьте устное сообщение о Татнефти, используя также |
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дополни ельную информацию. |
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4. Задания для СРС |
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л4.1. Текст для чтения, перевода и формирования лексического минимума по |
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теме: 10А стр. 197-199, Орловская И.В, Учебник английского языка для |
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студентов технических университетов и вузов. |
4.2. Задания для контроля понимания прочитанного и подготовки устного обсуждения по теме: упр. 8-12 стр.199-201, Орловская И.В, Учебник английского языка для студентов технических университетов и вузов.
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ПЗ-5
Тема: Российские и зарубежные нефтяные компании
Учебные цели: практика чтения и перевода текстов о зарубежных нефтяных компаниях, поиск основной информации и ее изложение в устном монологическом высказывании; активизация грамматических знаний о сложном дополнении с инфинитивом.
§34 стр. 323, Орловская И.В, Самсонова Л.С., Скубриева А.И. Учебник английского языка для студентов технических университетов и вузов. – М.: Издательство МГТУ им. Н.Э. Баумана, 2008, – 410 с.
§ 20 Полякова Т.Ю., Синявская Е.В., Тынкова О.И., Улановская Э.С. |
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Английский язык для инженеров: Учебник. – М.: Высшая школа, 2007АГНИ– 463с. |
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2. Применение грамматических знаний |
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Упр. 1-3 стр. 214, Орловская И.В, Самсонова Л.С., Скубриева А.И. Учебник |
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английского языка для студентов технических универси етов и вузов. |
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3. Чтение и устная речь |
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3.1. Тексты для чтения, перевода и обсужденияив паре. |
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BP plc |
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BP plc is a British multinational oil and gas company headquartered in |
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London, United Kingdom. It is vertically integrated and operates in all |
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areas of the oil and gas industry, including exploration and production, |
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refining, distribution and marketing, petrochemicals, power generation and trading. It also has renewable energy activities in biofuels and wind power.
BP's origins ннdate back to the founding of the Anglo-Persian Oil Company in 1909. In 1935, it became the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company
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and in 1954 British Petroleum. In 1965 it was the first company to strike |
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oil in the NorthроSea.BP has been involved in several major environmental |
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and safety incidents, including the 2005 Texas City Refinery explosion |
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which caused the death of 15 workers and the 2006 Prudhoe Bay spill In |
2010 the Deepwater Horizon oil spill was the world's largest accidental release of oil into marine waters. The company agreed to pay more than $4.5 billion in fines and penalties.
ANADARKO
Anadarko Petroleum Corporation is an American oil and gas exploration company. Anadarko employs a worldwide workforce of about
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4,000. The company is headquartered in The Woodlands, SPD Montgomery County, Texas.
Anadarko was formed in 1959 after the discovery of large amounts of natural gas in the Anadarko Basin. Anadarko’s operations in the United States include oil and natural-gas exploration and production onshore in
development operations are located primarily in Algeria, Ghana, and China. The Company also has exploration acreage in Ghana, Mozambique, Brazil, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Kenya, Cote d’Ivoire, New
the Lower 48 states, onshore Alaska, and the deepwater Gulf of Mexico The Company’s international oil and natural-gas productionАГНИand
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Zealand, Indonesia, and other countries. |
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In addition, the Company engages in the gathering, processing, and |
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treating of natural gas, and the transporting of natural gas, crude oil, and |
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NGLs (Natural Gas Liquid). |
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3.2. Лексика для запоминания. |
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тpenalty |
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vertically integrated |
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exploration |
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production |
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safety incident |
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distribution |
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processing |
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to cause the death |
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treating of natural gas |
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NGLs |
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spillб |
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4. Задания для СРС |
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4.1. Текст для чте ия, перевода и нахождения примеров употребления |
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сложногодоп лнениянн: 11А стр. 218, Орловская И.В, Самсонова Л.С., |
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Скубриева А.И. Учебник английского языка для студентов технических |
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универси е ов и вузов. |
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4.2. Задания для контроля понимания прочитанного: упр.10-11 стр. 220, |
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Ореовская И.В, Самсонова Л.С., Скубриева А.И. Учебник английского языка |
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д я студентов технических университетов и вузов. |
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4.3. Деловая корреспонденция и документация на английском языке. Израилевич Е.Е.- Москва, ЮНВЕС, 2003. -496c., стр. 7-33.
Изучите информацию и составьте краткий конспект: виды деловых писем, их структура и наиболее часто встречающиеся речевые штампы. Составьте пробное деловое письмо на любую тему, обращая внимание на структуру
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употребляемые в его разных
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ПЗ-6 |
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Тема: Материалы в машиностроении, сопротивление |
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материалов |
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Учебные цели: практика чтения и перевода текстов по теме |
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занятия, формирование лексического минимума и анализ трудностей |
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перевода технического текста, активизация знаний об употреблении |
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инфинитива в сложном дополнении. |
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1. Грамматический материал, подлежащий усвоению |
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§34 стр. 323, Орловская И.В, Самсонова Л.С., Скубриева А.И. Учебник |
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английского языка для студентов техническ х университетов и вузов. – М.: |
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Издательство МГТУ им. Н.Э. Баумана, 2008, – 410 с. |
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§ 20 Полякова Т.Ю., Синявская Е.В., |
иТынкова О.И., Улановская Э.С. |
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Английский язык для инженеров: Уче ник. – М.: Высшая школа, 2007 – 463с. |
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2. Применение грамматических знаний |
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2.1. Употребите частицу to , где необходимо: |
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a) The teacher made me … repeat it all over again. |
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b) You needn’t … ask me for permission. |
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c) I let you … take my books whenever you like. |
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d) He is expected … arrive in a few days. |
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e) You’d better …ннmake a note of this information. |
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f) I’ll have … go there alone. |
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g) There doesn’t seem … be anything wrong with you. |
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h) The professor wanted them … stop testing the device. |
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i) I’ll make him … come earlier. |
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j) Have you ever heard him … deliver lectures? |
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k) You should … have read this article . |
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3.Чтение и устная речь
3.1.Тексты для чтения, перевода, формирования лексического минимума и обсуждения.
PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
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(from V. Ryan © 2005 – 2009) |
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Materials have different properties that make them useful for different |
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jobs. Here are some properties that materials have. |
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STRENGTH. The ability of a material to stand up to forces being |
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applied without it bending, breaking, shattering or deforming in any way. |
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ELASTICITY. The ability of a material to absorb force and flex in |
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different directions, returning to its original position. |
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PLASTICITY. The ability of a material to be change in shape |
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DUCTILITY. The ability of a material to change shape (deform) |
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TENSILE STRENGTH. The ability of a materialтto stretch without breaking |
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or snapping. |
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Materials may be: |
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Transparent - materials do let light through (you can see through them). |
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Opaque materials do not let any lightблthrough (you cannot see through |
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Waterproof. Waterproof materials do not let water through and do not |
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soak up water. |
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Absorbant. Absorbent materials soak up water and let water pass |
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through them. |
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Strong or weak. Strong materials are very difficult to break. Weak |
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materials break easily.нн |
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Flexible. Flexible materials are easy to bend. |
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Rigid. Rigidроmaterials are difficult to bend. |
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Hard. Hard materials are difficult to scratch. |
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Magnetic materials are attracted to magnets. |
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Conductors. Some materials are good conductors of heat. This means |
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heat can travel through them easily. Some materials are good conductors |
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of electricity. This means electricity can travel through them easily. |
Insulators. Some materials are insulators of heat. This means they do not allow heat to travel through them very easily. Some materials are insulators of electricity. This means that electricity cannot travel through them.
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3.2. Лексика для запоминания. |
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properties |
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waterproof |
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bending |
ductility |
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breaking |
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insulators |
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4. Задания для СРС |
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АГНИ |
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4.1. Упр. 14 стр. 220, Орловская И.В, Самсонова Л.С., Скубриева А.И. |
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Учебник английского языка для студентов технических университетов и вузов. |
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4.2. Тексты для чтения, перевода и устного изложенияе. |
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METALS |
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Metals come from rocks called ores. They are strong, hard and shiny |
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materials that can be hammered into different shapes without breaking. |
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Many metals are good conductors of heat and electricity. Some metals are |
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бл |
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magnetic. Iron is the most magnetic metal. Steel is also magnetic because |
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it is made of mostly iron. Their properties make them useful for objects |
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such as cutlery, saucepans, cars and coins. |
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PLASTICS |
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Plastics are materials made from chemicals and are not found in nature. |
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They are strong and waterproof, and can be made into any shape by |
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applying heat. Plasticsнн can also be dyed different colours or made to |
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be transparent. Plastic is not magnetic. It is a good electrical insulator as it |
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does not conductро heat or electricity. Plastics are used to make all sorts of |
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things, such as bags, bottles and toys. |
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GLASS |
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Glass is made by melting sand and other minerals together at very high |
temperatures. Glass is normally transparent and can be made into many different shapes. Thick glass can be strong, but thin glass will break very easily. Glass is used for objects that need to be transparent such as windows and spectacles.
27
ПЗ-7
Тема: Материалы в машиностроении, сопротивление материалов
Учебные цели: расширение словарного запаса по теме, подготовка устных сообщений в форме презентации.
1. Чтение и устная речь
Тексты для чтения, перевода и обсуждения в паре и подгруппе.
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STRENGTH OF MATERIALS |
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Mechanics of materials, also called strength of materials, is a subject |
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which deals with the behavior of objects |
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АГНИ |
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withstanding stresses and |
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strains. This theory was established on |
the basis of mathematical |
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modeling in first and second principal stress, specifically because types of |
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stress state in construction |
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parts such beam and shell are possible to |
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approximate as one or two |
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dimensional one. An important founding |
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pioneer in mechanics of materials was Stephen Timoshenko. |
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The study of strength of materials often refers to various methods of |
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calculating stresses in structural members, such as beams, columns and |
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shafts. The methods employed to predict the response of a structure under |
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loading and its susceptibility toиvarious failure modes may take into |
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account various properties ofбthe materials other than material yield |
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strength and ultimate strength; for example, failure by buckling is |
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dependent on material stiffness and thus Young's Modulus. |
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TORSION |
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Consider a bar to be rigidly attached at one end and twisted at the other |
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нн |
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end by a torque or twisting moment T equivalent to F × d, which is |
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applied perpendicular to the axis of the bar, as shown in the figure. Such a |
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bar is said to be in torsion. |
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28
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TORSIONAL SHEARING STRESS, τ |
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АГНИ |
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For a solid or hollow circular shaft subject to a twisting moment T, the |
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torsional shearing stress τ at a distance ρ from the center of the shaft is |
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and |
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т |
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where J is the polar moment of inertia of the section and r is the outer |
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radius. |
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For solid cylindrical shaft: |
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For hollow cylindrical shaft: |
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ANGLE OF TWIST |
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Theроangle θ through which the bar length L will twist is |
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кт |
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where T is the torque in N·mm, L is the length of shaft in mm, G is |
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shear modulus in MPa, J is the polar moment of inertia in mm , D and d |
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Э are diameter in mm, and r is the radius in mm. |
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1.2. Текст для практики перевода с русского языка.
ОСНОВНЫЕ ТЕОРИИ ПРОЧНОСТИ
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Перечислим наиболее известные в сопротивлении материалов теории |
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прочности. |
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∙ Первая теория прочности — Теория наибольших нормальных |
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напряжений. |
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∙ Вторая теория прочности — Теория наибольших деформаций. |
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∙ Третья теория прочности — Теория наибольших касательных |
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напряжений. |
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∙ Четвертая теория прочности (энергетическая) — Теория наибольшей |
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удельной потенциальной энергии формоизменения. |
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∙ Теория прочности Мора — Теория предельных напряжённых состояний |
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(иногда говорят — V теория прочности). |
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Из всех вышеперечисленных теорий прочности наиболее полной, точной и |
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всеобъемлющей является теория Мора. Все её положения были проверены |
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экспериментально. Она подходит как для проверки прочностиАГНИхрупких |
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материалов (чугун, бетон, кирпич), так и для провер и на прочность |
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пластичных материалов (низкоуглеродистая |
сталь). |
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Т ория наибольших |
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нормальных напряжений и теория наибольших деформаций подходит только |
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для прочностного анализа хрупких материалов, |
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причём только для каких-то |
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т |
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определённых условий нагружения, если треб вать повышенную точность |
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расчёта. Вот поэтому первые две теории прочностио |
сегодня применять не |
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рекомендуется. |
Результаты теории наибо ьшихикасательных напряжений и |
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теории наибольшей удельной потенциа ьной энергии формоизменения можно |
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получить в некоторых частных случаях нагружения при применении теории |
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Мора. |
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4. Задания для СРС |
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4.1. Изучите терми ы по теме. Выпишите наиболее важные по вашему |
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ая |
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профилю обуче ия и подготовьте их устное объяснение. |
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Vocabulary |
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Definition |
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Term |
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ро The crystal structure that contains an atom in the center and one |
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body-centered |
atom in each corner of a cube. Metals with a body-centered |
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cubic |
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cubic crystal structure tend to be hard. |
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An attraction that forms when electrons are shared or |
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transferred among atoms. Atomic bonds become the "glue" that |
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bond |
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holds the atoms together. |
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A hardness test that measures the diameter of a circle formed by |
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Brinell test |
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the penetration of a 10mm steel ball under a fixed load pressure. |
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Charpy test |
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An impact test that measures the amount of energy a material |
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30 |
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