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Customer: Oleg Ostapenko E-mail: ostapenko2002@yahoo.com

APPENDIX 3

AERODROME PLANS

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Customer: Oleg Ostapenko E-mail: ostapenko2002@yahoo.com

APPENDIX 3: AERODROME PLANS

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APPENDIX 3: AERODROME PLANS

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APPENDIX 3: AERODROME PLANS

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ID: 3658

Customer: Oleg Ostapenko E-mail: ostapenko2002@yahoo.com

Customer: Oleg Ostapenko E-mail: ostapenko2002@yahoo.com

NAVIGATION AND RADIO AIDS SYLLABUS

JAR-FCL PPL THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE SYLLABUS

NAVIGATION & RADIO AIDS

The table below contains the principal topics and subtopics from the current outline syllabus for the theoretical knowledge examination in Navigation & Radio Aids for the Private Pilot’s Licence, as published in JAR-FCL 1. Syllabuses may be modified, so always check the latest examination documentation from your national civil aviation authority, or from JAR-FCL/EASA.

NAVIGATION

axis; poles; meridians of longitude; parallels of latitude;

Form of the Earth: great circles; small circles; rhumb lines; hemispheres; north/south, east/west.

aeronautical maps and charts (topographical); projections Mapping: and their properties;conformality; equivalence; scale; great

circles and rhumb lines.

Conformal Orthomorphic main properties; construction; convergence of meridians; Projection presentation of meridians, parallels, great circles and rhumb

(ICAO 1: 500 000 chart): lines; scale, standard parallels; depiction of height.

true north; Earth’s magnetic field, variation; annual change; Direction: magnetic north; vertical and horizontal components;

isogonals, agonic lines.

Aeroplane Magnetism:

magnetic influences within the aeroplane; compass deviation;

turning, acceleration errors; avoiding magnetic interference

 

with the compass.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Distances:

units;

measurement of distance in

relation to

map

projection.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Charts in Practical

plotting

positions;

latitude

and longitude; bearing

and

distance; use of

navigation

protractor;

measurement of

Navigation:

tracks and distances.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Chart reference material/map reading:

map analysis; topography; relief; cultural features; permanent features (e.g. line features, spot features, unique or special features); features subject to change (e.g. water); preparation; folding the map for use; methods of map reading; map orientation; checkpoint features; anticipation of checkpoints; with continuous visual contact; without continuous visual contact; when uncertain of position; aeronautical symbols; aeronautical information; conversion of units.

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Customer: Oleg Ostapenko E-mail: ostapenko2002@yahoo.com

NAVIGATION AND RADIO AIDS SYLLABUS

IAS, CAS and TAS; track, true and magnetic; wind velocity,

Principles of Navigation: heading and groundspeed; triangle of velocities; calculation of heading and groundspeed; drift, wind correction angle;

ETA; dead reckoning, position, fix.

Use of the circular slide rule to determine: TAS, time and distance, conversion of units, fuel required, pressure, density and true altitude, time en-route and ETA.

The Navigation Computer:

Use of the computer to solve triangle of velocities, application of TAS and wind velocity to track, determination of heading and ground speed, drift and wind correction angle.

relationship between universal co-ordinated (standard) Time: (UTC) time and local mean time (LMT); definition of sunrise

and sunset times.

selection of charts; route and aerodrome weather forecasts and reports; assessing the weather situation; plotting the route;considerations of controlled/regulated airspace, airspace restrictions, danger areas, etc. use of AIP and NOTAMS; ATC liaison procedures in controlled/regulated

Flight Planning: airspace; fuel considerations; en-route safety altitude(s); alternate aerodromes; communications and radio/navaid frequencies; compilation of flight log; compilation of ATC flight plan; selection of check points, time and distance marks; mass and balance calculations; mass and performance calculations.

compass headings, use of deviation card; organisation of inflight workload; departure procedure, log entries, altimeter setting and establishing IAS; maintenance of heading

Practical Navigation: and altitude; use of visual observations; establishing position, checkpoints; revisions to heading and ETA; arrival procedures, ATC liaison; completion of flight log and aeroplane log entries.

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ID: 3658

Customer: Oleg Ostapenko E-mail: ostapenko2002@yahoo.com

Customer: Oleg Ostapenko E-mail: ostapenko2002@yahoo.com

NAVIGATION AND RADIO AIDS SYLLABUS

RADIO AIDS

Ground D/F

application; principles; presentation and interpretation;

coverage; errors and accuracy; factors affecting range

(VHF Direction Finding):

and accuracy.

 

 

 

ADF, including associated

application; principles; presentation and interpretation;

beacons (NDBs) and use of

coverage; errors and accuracy; factors affecting range

the RMI:

and accuracy.

 

 

VOR/DME:

application; principles; presentation and interpretation;

coverage; errors and accuracy; factors affecting range

 

and accuracy.

 

 

GPS:

application; principles; presentation and interpretation;

coverage; errors and accuracy; factors affecting reliability

 

and accuracy.

 

 

Ground Radar:

application; principles; presentation and interpretation;

coverage; errors and accuracy; factors affecting reliability

 

and accuracy.

 

 

Secondary Surveillance

principles (transponders); application; presentation and

Radar:

interpretation; modes and codes.

 

 

THE NAVIGATION SKILLS TEST

navigate by means of calculated headings, ground speed and time; achieve destinations or turning points within 3 minutes Orientation, Timing and of estimated time of arrival (ETA); maintain a navigation log

Revision of ETAs, Log Keeping: and radio log by recording all pertinent information such that the whole route may be reconstructed if necessary after the flight.

Diversion to alternate aerodrome, Planning & Implementation:

calculate heading, ground speed, ETA and fuel required during any unscheduled diversion; calculate Safety Altitude for track to new destination; navigate by means of calculated headings, ground speed and time; maintain the heading height and speed as computed in navigation log or advised to the Examiner within the prescribed limits.

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Customer: Oleg Ostapenko E-mail: ostapenko2002@yahoo.com

NAVIGATION AND RADIO AIDS SYLLABUS

The United Kingdom CAA adds the following details (accurate, April 2007) concerning the PPL Navigation skills test, in the CAA Personnel Licensing document, entitled:

‘Notes for the Guidance of Applicants taking the PPL Skill Test (Aeroplanes)’.

Flight plan, dead

complete all elements of VFR planning for the route prescribed with

particular reference to planned altitudes and safe levels of operation;

reckoning and map

identify position visually by reference to ground features and

reading:

map.

 

 

 

Maintenance of altitude,

control aeroplane using visual attitude flying techniques; maintain the

heading and speed:

heading height and speed as computed in navigation log or advised

to the Examiner within the prescribed limits.

 

 

 

Orientation, timing and

navigate by means of calculated headings, ground speed and time;

achieve destinations or turning points within 3 minutes of estimated

revision of ETAs, log

time of arrival (ETA); maintain a navigation log and radio log by

keeping:

recording all pertinent information such that the whole route may be

 

reconstructed if necessary after flight

 

 

Diversion to alternate

calculate heading, ground speed, ETA and fuel required during

any unscheduled diversion; calculate Safety Altitude for track

aerodrome, planning &

to new destination; navigate by means of calculated headings,

implementation:

ground speed and time; maintain the heading.

 

 

 

Use of radio navigation

select and identify appropriate radio and navigation aids as

required or nominated by Examiner; locate and record the

aids, position fix and

aeroplane position by using radio navigation equipment when

tracking:

required by the Examiner; intercept and maintain given tracks or

 

radials using the navigation aids nominated.

 

 

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ANSWERS TO NAVIGATION AND RADIO AIDS QUESTIONS

395

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Customer: Oleg Ostapenko E-mail: ostapenko2002@yahoo.com

ANSWERS TO NAVIGATION AND RADIO AIDS QUESTIONS

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