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FIG 15.18  Activation mechanism of the 20S proteasome.

(a) Entry into the catalytic chamber is blocked by the -subunits that form the lining of the antechamber of the 20S particle. (b) Binding of the activating particle (red) changes

their conformation, opening the entry pore. In this way selectivity of protein degradation is assured because only capped 20S particles are accessible to substrate (1fnt,89 1ryp87).

Proteasome activator (PA) subunits

The regulatory PA700 subunit is composed of a minimum of 20 proteins, referred to as Rpn and Rpt.88 Together they organize (1) the fixation of substrate (with the help of an adaptor), (2) unfolding and transport of the polypeptide chain towards the proteasome interior,90 (3) removal of the ubiquitin chains, which are then recycled, and (4) the opening of the entry pore of the proteasome 20S particle (Figure 15.18).87,89 The composition of PA28 is less clear.

List of abbreviations

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