PRAKTIKUM_sam_rab

Once upon a time, the family was a life-long nest and safety net. Taking into account that life itself was a chancy business, couples tended to stick together for better or for worse. If for worse, at least it wasn’t for long. Thanks to late marriages and early deaths, especially deaths of women in childbirth, marital co-existence in the middle of the 19th century was only 15 years on average.

A Rip Van Winkle who fell asleep then and woke up today would hardly be able to believe his luck. We are on the whole far more prosperous and healthy and have a much longer life expectancy than our ancestors. A Mrs Rip Van Winkle would be even more surprised. Women’s opportunities have been transformed by education and domestic technology.

Grandparents, more hale and hearty than ever, and increasingly numerous in today’s reconstituted families, are still a vital part of the composite family, supporting their children with more or less welcome advice, child minding, babysitting, finance, furniture and accommodation. Nearly two-thirds of child care in Britain is undertaken by relatives, most of them are grandparents and friends.

Children’s lives have also changed. Young children have to learn how to control their behavior, their appetites and their selfishness. They spend much less time in the home than they used to. That is why they grow up without rules and think only of themselves. They develop into adults who can’t accept discipline of any kind, tolerate orders or accept criticism. All too often their relationships break up because they can’t compromise. Parents need to provide a firm and protective framework which makes children feel safe and loved. Of course education has its advantages but life skills need to be instilled somewhere, somehow.

Finally, we need to recognize that real homes cannot be bought off the shelf. Despite the vacuum cleaner and the microwave oven, the home demands constant attention, thought and adjustment to the constant needs of the family within.

A survey published in the Center of Family Research at Cambridge University discovered that children accept wide variations in family practice and structures. Their definitions did not center on genetic ties but they had definite ideas about the importance of grandparents and friends, as well as about parents. “A family is a group of people which all cares about each other”, wrote 13-year-old Tara. “They can all cry together, laugh together, argue together and go through all the emotions together. Some live together as well. Families are for helping each other through life.”

Newsweek

Exercise 8.General understanding. Answer the questions:

1.How did the 19th century family look like?

2.Why would the Winkles be even more surprised?

3.What changes have appeared in today family life?

4.What has happened to the modern children?

5.What should be done to save the nuclear family?

6.What is your definition of the word ‘family’?

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WORD LIST TO PART I

Personality and Appearance

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PART II. EDUCATION

SELF-WORK 1

Exercise 1. Read the texts. Write out the phrasal verbs, translate them and remember their meaning.

GOING THROUGH COLLEGE

Sam and Ben are twin brothers. They have a very rich grandfather who offered to put them through1 university. Sam sailed through2 his exams at school and easily got into a good university. Ben wanted to go to the same university, but it was harder for him to get in3. However, in his last few months at schools, he buckled down4 to his studies and managed to get through5 all the necessary exams. Both brothers wanted to major in6 law. Sam had worked in a law firm in several summer holidays and this experience was able to count towards7 his degree. Ben spent his holidays playing sport. Sam continued to study hard and soon left most of the other students in his group behind8. At the end of six months the professor creamed off9 the best students and moved them up the next class. Sam was in this group but Ben was not. The professor felt he was more interested in rugby than law and this counted against10 him. He was marked down11 for careless mistakes in a number of his assays and by the end of the year he had fallen behind12 the rest of his year. His tutor says he’ll be lucky if he even scrapes through13 his exams. His grandfather has arranged to come and visit him and Ben is feeling a little nervous.

IN THE LIBRARY

Let me try to describe this scene in a university library. A girl with long hair is pouring over1 a map. Next to her a boy is skimming through2 some books, looking for some information on wind energy for his thesis. At the same table is a girl with short hair, who has buries herself in3 a journal. Next to her a boy is checking off4 names on a list – he’s crossed off5 one of them. There is a busy and studious atmosphere in his library and I hope this has come across6 in my description

Exercise 2. Match each sentence on the left with sentence which follows logically on the right:

Exercise 3. Complete these sentences using the correct particles:

1.It cost Rick and Nina a huge amount of money to put three children … college.

2.Vlad sailed … all his exams a t school but found things much harder at university and only scraped … his final accountancy exams.

3.I’m afraid you’ll have to cross my name … the list for the trip next Saturday.

4.The college basketball team always seems to cream … the best athletes and other sports suffer as a result.

5.She was so brilliant, she left all the students … .

6.the end-of-semester marks in each ear all count … your final degree.

7.I like Professor Watson’s lectures; they’re so clear. His ideas don’t come … nearly as well in his books.

8.He was on the borderline between pass and fail, but his poor attendance on the course counted

… him and they failed him in the end.

Exercise 4. Rewrite each sentence using a phrasal verb based on the word in brackets:

1.As each person arrived she asked their name and put a tick on her list. (check)

2.She picked up her favorite novel and became completely absorbed in it. (bury)

3.He decided to take economics as the main subject for his degree. (major)

4.His tutor transferred him to a higher class. (move)

5.What sort of grades do you need to be given a university place in your country? (get)

6.I applied to Oxford University but I wasn’t accepted. (get)

Exercise 5.Write about your educational experience in 10-12 sentences using phrasal

verbs.

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PART II. EDUCATION

SELF-WORK 2

Exercise 1. Translate the following word combinations

paced society; the classroom setting ; in-class courses; “brick and mortar” institutions; the surge; savvy; cost effective; the confine, flexibility and convenience, “proctor” sites.

TRENDS IN EDUCATION

Education has become one of the fastest growing “businesses” in recent years. It seems like there is a new commercial every week for a new online university, technical, or school of business.

Online education has become more popular in today’s fast paced society. Online courses allow students to take courses from different states and even from different countries. Some schools offer in-class courses, online courses, or hybrid courses. Hybrid courses are both in-class and online. These courses often have online classes one week and in-class sessions the next week. Some schools offer hybrid programs which include a mix of in-class courses, online courses, and hybrid classes. More Traditional schools or so called “brick and mortar” institutions are offering more online courses in response to the surge of online universities.

The Case for Traditional Education

The traditional college experience consists of attending classes in person on a campus. Younger students who are attending college for the first time could benefit from the traditional learning environment. Younger students may need more guidance and more direct contact with professors and academic advisors. Traditional classes may also be a better fit for students with limited resources and limited computer access. If you’re living on campus, it only makes sense to take classes on campus.

For the more “mature” student, the traditional educational setting in the classroom may be a more comfortable fit. This option may also be better if the student is returning to school for the first time in many years. Although this is not always the case, older students tend to be a little less tech savvy and might prefer a more traditional setting.

Students who value the campus experience may also find the traditional campus atmosphere more desirable than just an online experience. There are more opportunities to engage in student activities such as fraternities/sororities as well as concerts and sporting events that typically occur on campus.

The classroom setting is also the most appropriate setting for technical or trade schools. These schools consist of but are not limited to the following areas of study:

Automobile Mechanic/Technician Computer Science/ Engineering

Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning Technician (HVAC) Nursing

The Case for Online Education

Online education, also referred to as distance learning involves taking courses over the internet as opposed to in the classroom setting. Online education has become more popular in recent years. This popularity is largely due to the flexibility and convenience that an online educational experience provides. Online education provides an opportunity to take classes from the convenience of home. In addition, online education provides more flexibility by allowing students to work at their own pace without the confines of a strict class schedule.

Online classes tend to be more beneficial for students who work full-time and have additional family responsibilities. Online course assignments can be completed at work (don’t tell my boss), home, or anywhere you can carry your laptop. This form of learning makes it ideal for students on the go.

In addition to flexibility and convenience, online courses can also be more cost effective. Classes are taken online so there is no need to drive to class. This saves gas as well as additional wear

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and tear on your vehicle. Each school is different so you may be required to take certain tests in person at “proctor” sites. These sites are approved by the university and work directly with the school to ensure that students are taking tests as instructed (i.e., no books, notes, etc). Online schools are also ideal for students in the military or in jobs that requires frequent travel. Courses can be taken from anywhere in the world.

Exercise 2. Find English equivalents in the text:

личное присутствие, обеспечивать,

предлагать смешанные программы, братство, частые командировки, амортизация, возможность,

дистанционное обучение, жесткое расписание

Exercise 3.Answer the questions:

1.What are the trends in education?

2.Why are traditional classes useful for learners?

3.What is the main feature of online classes?

4.What areas of study are the most appropriate for the classroom setting? Do you agree with this list? Can you add more?

5.Could you study at online school? Why?

Exercise 4. Translate the passage “The Case for Online Education” in written form.

Exercise 5. Learn the advantages and disadvantages of different form of education. Do you agree? Add you own pros and cons.

Advantages of Online Education

1.More flexibility for students who work full-time

2.The ability to complete assignments at times when it is most convenient

3.The ability to obtain a degree from a school in another state without moving

4.This form of education is ideal for military students

5.Less Travel

Disadvantages of Online Education

1.Less direct contact with students and professors

2.Limited opportunities for student and campus activities

3.Subject to “technical difficulties” and software crashes

Advantages of Traditional Education

1.Direct contact with teachers, students, and advisors

2.More access to campus activities

3.More suitable for hands on training

Disadvantages of Traditional Education

1.Less flexibility in class scheduling

2.Less cost effective

3.More travel to and from class

Exercise 6. There are some opinions about different forms of education. Study them. Which one is closer to you? Why?

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epbooksI am almost finished with an online program myself and it can definitely be rewarding but certainly requires a great deal of self-discipline as mentioned. It is not for everyone but you can get hands-on experience depending on the program your school has. Although you do not have the face-to-face interaction, you still do have a lot of involvement with your professors and other students through discussion forums, online class projects, and weekly assignments depending on how each class is set up. I highly recommend them for people who are motivated enough to complete the program but are unable to attend traditional classes.

toptenreviewI think that traditional education is better. I'm always so skeptical of doing classes online. I think that I won't learn what I need to and then I'll have problems on test or even in the future.

sminut13 I have found that online education takes a great deal of self-discipline to complete the classes. The open-ended classes where you have to complete the work ... whenever are truly difficult. Stick with the ones with deadlines and more structure and things will be a lot easier.

EpbooksSince I wanted to get my Bachelors when I was in my late thirties, I was too busy to attend school at a campus, so I chose University of Phoenix online. I loved it. I think there's a common misconception that online school is easier, however, in a way, it's just as hard, if not more difficult because there is a ton of writing involved versus in classroom participation, which I was never fond of!

cozytownI agree with the earlier post in that doing online courses definitely need lots of selfdiscipline. I tried to do an online free course, just to improve something of myself and I'm just too lazy. Hehe. But it's also partly due to the poor internet connection at my place. Hopefully, after my holiday, I can continue it where I stay and complete it.

I prefer the online education as well, it is more convenient and time saving, especially for busy people. The lack of contacts can be a bad thing, but we should adapt.

mdgardner I agree online courses are much harder than people think. I would much rather be in class instead of writing out everything to get credit for participation.

ignugent17 I think I will always like traditional education. We can do things online but I still need to be with people to discuss things face to face. :-)

Exercise 7.Write 10 sentences expressing your opinion about traditional and online education.

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PART II. EDUCATION

SELF-WORK 3

Exercise 1. Read the passage about admissions to the universities in USA and Canada.

ADMISSIONS

Although admission requirements vary from one institution to another, most share a few common features. Nearly all colleges require students to submit transcripts of grades from high school and scores on standardized tests. They also generally require a completed application form, written essays that reflect accomplishments and goals, and letters of recommendation from teachers who are familiar with the applicant’s academic background. In addition, some colleges require an interview with college officials, either on campus or by telephone.

Application Forms

Colleges and universities require applicants to complete an official application form obtained from the institution's admissions office. The application indicates the amount of the application fee, the deadline for submitting the application, and the standardized tests required for admission. The application also explains whether essays and interviews are required, and how to obtain and submit letters of recommendation. Students must carefully read these forms and follow all instructions to ensure that they receive full consideration for admission.

Standardized Tests.

Most schools require applicants to submit their scores on either the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) or the American College Test (ACT) as part of the application process. Colleges and universities use these scores to help predict a student’s future success in higher education. High school students usually take these examinations in their junior year or early in their senior year. Graduate schools generally require applicants to submit scores on the Graduate Record Exam (GRE), a standardized test for admission to postgraduate degree programs. In addition, many graduate schools require a GRE subject test, which assesses an applicant’s knowledge of a specialized field of study.

Application Essay

Some colleges, especially more competitive ones, require applicants to write an essay as part of the application process. Admissions officials use the essay to help assess the applicant’s abilities in areas that may not be adequately measured by high school grades or standardized test scores. Students can use the essay to demonstrate their creativity, maturity, and ability to communicate. They also can show how they might approach a particular topic or problem. In writing the essay, applicants typically highlight academic, extracurricular, and other achievements or interests. They also generally indicate why they are applying to the particular college and how they would fit into the life there.

Personal Interview

Relatively few colleges require a personal interview, but most recommend that students visit the campus and meet with members of the admissions staff. Sometimes an applicant may also meet with a faculty member. Interviews with an admissions officer allow the admissions officer to further evaluate the applicant’s strengths. In addition, they offer the applicant an opportunity to ask questions about the institution and to demonstrate personal communication skills.

Campus Visits

Before making a decision about which college to attend, most applicants find it useful to visit one or more schools, meet with admissions personnel, and take guided tours of the campus. Most colleges and universities arrange such visits and encourage prospective students to visit classes and various extracurricular activities to get an idea of the style of life and learning at the particular institution.

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Current Issues

Admissions standards at colleges and universities have become controversial among educators and students alike. Although some institutions of higher education in the United States and Canada have highly selective admissions standards, others admit virtually any high school graduate able to meet minimum academic requirements. Many educators feel that every student should complete high school and that everyone desiring access to higher education should have an opportunity to pursue a college degree. However, critics of lax admissions standards argue that admitting large numbers of students who are academically unprepared for a college education often compromises the quality of the institution. Moreover, from the 1970s to the 1990s grade point averages have risen steadily at nearly all U.S. and Canadian colleges and universities, causing many educators and even some students to complain that academic standards are too low.

Exercise 2.Explain the purpose of application forms, standardized tests, application essays, personal interviews and campus visits.

Exercise 3.Translate the words and phrases in bold and remember them.

Exercise 4. Read information about how to write an admission essay.

Starting your essay

One of the hardest parts of any writing assignment is always getting started. This inevitably leads to procrastination...which is the worst thing you can do! The number one rule for admissions essays is to always start early.

Choosing a Topic

Keep in mind that admissions officers are going to be reading hundreds, or even thousands, of essays. Make sure you choose a topic that is going to highlight you and your personality. This is your chance to show them who you really are, what you want to accomplish, and what you can contribute to the school. It is also important that you don't choose too broad of a topic. Try to keep it personal and focused on one event, idea, or experience.

Start Writing

After you've given your topic some serious thought, you need to get your ideas written down. Whether you prefer to take notes, create an outline, or any other method is completely up to you. This draft does not need to be anywhere near perfect, you make sure that your ideas are becoming more organized.

Have a friend, family member, or teacher look at your rough draft or outline. Ask for feedback on your ideas. This is an extremely effective way to see how others will react to the things that you intend to mention in your essay.

Write in Essay Format

After you've come up with some type of written organizer, you need to start writing the actual essay. Again, this draft does not need to be perfect. But this time, rather than writing notes and outlines, try to write in as many complete sentences as you can. When you finish, go back and read what you wrote. Make notes in the margins, star paragraphs that need a lot of work, cross out paragraphs that are irrelevant, etc, etc, etc.

Now, go back and rewrite your essay with the corrections that you made on the previous draft. This time try to really focus on the flow of ideas and make sure that you are effectively communicating your thoughts. Sometimes things sound good in our minds, but make absolutely no sense written down.

Continue on with the draft process until you are satisfied with the overall flow of your essay. Make sure you occasionally have someone else read your drafts as well.

Writing Tips and Tricks

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