Text 4 yukos
Ex.1 Read and translate the text.
flee – бежать
bloodshed – кровопролитие
multiple counts – множественный иск
vehement – яростный, бешеный
self-imposed – возложенный на самого себя
charges – издержки , расходы
entity – юридическое лицо
holding – владение
aftermath - последствия
Yukos Oil Company was a petroleum company in Russia which, until recently, was controlled by Russian billionaire Mikhail Khodorkovsky and a number of prominent Russian businessmen. Khodorkovsky was imprisoned and sent to Siberia, and others fled Russia. Its headquarters were located in Moscow. On August 1, 2006, a Russian court declared Yukos bankrupt.
Yukos was one of the world's largest non-state oil companies, producing 20% of Russian oil—about 2% of world production. Its assets were acquired in controversial circumstances from the Russian Government during the privatization process of the early 1990s. The initial period of "oligarchic privatization" was characterized by bloodshed, and Yukos was certainly no exception. Alexei Pichugin, the former Security Chief of Yukos, has been convicted on multiple counts of murder and attempted murder, and is now under investigation along with Yukos partner Nevzlin for the shooting death of Vladimir Petukhov, the mayor of the Yugansk oil province and a vehement opponent of Yukos, on Khodorkovsky's birthday in 1998. Lawyers for Pichugin and Nevzlin, who lives in self-imposed exile in Israel, say that both the charges and the new investigation are politically motivated.
The company was created on April 15, 1993. Its Russian abbreviation ЮКОС comes from the names of the main entities that initially comprised the company: Юганскнефтегаз (Yuganskneftegaz: Nefteyugansk + petroleum + gas) and КуйбышевнефтеОргСинтез (Kuybyshevnefteorgsintez: Kuybyshev + petroleum + organical synthesis).
Initially Yukos was created by the decree #354 of the Russian government comprised of the following enterprises: a Western Siberianoil extraction enterprise Yuganskneftegaz andoil refineries in Samara Oblast: NovokuybyshevNPZ,Kuybyshev NPZ and Syzran NPZ (NPZ stands for NeftePererabatyvayushchy Zavod, literally "petroleum processing plant").
In 1995, by the decree #864 of the Russian government, Samaraneftegaz joined Yukos.
The main stockholders own the company via the offshore holding company Menatep.
In April 2003, Yukos agreed to a merger with Sibneft, but the merger was soon undone in the aftermath of the arrest of Yukos CEO Khodorkovsky in October, 2003.
Text 5 rosneft
Ex.1 Read the text, translate and retell it.
controlling interest – контрольный пакет акций
high-gravity – тяжелый, с высокой плотностью
OAO Rosneft Oil Company is a Russian integrated oil company, controlling interest of which is owned by the Russian Federation Government. Rosneft conducts oil and gas exploration and production activities on Sakhalin island, in Siberia, in the Timan-Pechora province, and in southern Russia, including Chechnya. It also owns and operates two refineries. Its plant in Tuapse, on the Black Sea, focuses on refining high-gravity oil from western Siberia. Another plant located in Komsomolsk-on-Amur is the easternmost oil refinery in Russia. Rosneft operates shipping companies, pipeline companies and marketing companies.
As of 29 December 2006, the market value of the company was US$83.908 billion.
Rosneft's headquarters are located in the Balchug district in the center of Moscow, only a few steps away from the Kremlin, across the Moskva river.
Rosneft wants to extract 140 million tonnes of oil by 2012 and become a global top three energy company. In 2007 the group, which became Russia's leading extraction and refinement company when it bought former oil giant Yukos's assets at auction, is aiming for a 103-million-tonne production. It produced about 80 million tonnes last year.