Vocabulary List

pleuritis (n) - плеврит auscultation (n) - выслушивание,

primary (a) - первичный аускультация

shallow (a) - поверхностный abrasive (a) - царапающий

vitalcapacity- жизнеспособность abate(v) - стихать, успокаиваться,

interfere (v) - нарушать cough (n) - кашель

adhesion (n) - спайка, сращение audible (a) - слышный, слышимый

stretch (v) - рассасываться rales (n) - хрипы

continuous (a) - продолжительный vesicular murmur - везикулярное

elbow (n) - локоть дыхание

Exercise 1. Translate the text A into Russian.

Exercise 2. Answer the following questions to the text "Pleuritis" Part A.:

1. Does primary pleuritis occur rarely?

1. Is it usually of traumatic origin?

2. What is respiration in the early stage?

4. What kind of exudate collects in pleural sacs in the second stage of the disease?

5. What is the role of adhesions in the third stage?

6. What respiratory movement is observed in the early stages?

7. What is the behaviour (поведение) of the animal in this case?

8. What happens on auscultation?

9. When friction sounds are difficult to identify?

B. Pleuritis

The pleuritis involving the pleural surface of the pericardial sac, a friction rub may be heard with each cardiac cycle and be confused with the friction rub of pericarditis. Pressure on the chest usually causes pain. The temperature and pulse rate are usually elevated, the degree varying with the virulence of the causative agent. Toxemia, with anorexia and depression, is also present in most cases. The exudation causing separation of the inflamed pleural surfaces, the pain and friction rub diminish but do not completely disappear.

The respiratory rate decreases, still being above normal. On auscultation there may still be friction sounds but they are less evident and usually localized to small areas. There is dullness on percussion, the dull area having a level top line, and percussion sounds are transmitted clearly through the fluid. Dyspnoea is evident, particularly during inspiration, and a pleuritic ridge develops at the costal arch due to elevation of the ribs and the abdominal-type respiration. Death may occur from asphyxia.

Vocabulary List

pericardial sac - околосердечная confuse (v) - смешивать, спутывать

сумка, перикард

frictionrub- шум трения dullness- притупление

dullarea- область притупления causativeagent- возбудитель

dyspnoea- одышка sound- шум

evident(a) – явный inflamedsurface- воспаленная поверхность

abdominalrespiration- брюшное дыхание

pleuriticridge- плевритный край costalarc- реберная дуга

Exercise 3. Read and translate the text "Pleuritis" Part B.

Exercise 4. Render the text "Pleuritis" Part B answering the questions:

1. Почему шум трения при плеврите можно спутать с шумом трения при перикардите?

1. От чего зависит повышение температуры и учащение пульса?

2. Когда уменьшается боль и шум трения?

3. Что прослушивается при аускультации?

4. Что происходит при перкуссии?

5. Когда наблюдается одышка?

6. Что может быть причиной смерти?