Hart C. Anthony, Shears Paul. Color Atlas of Medical Microbiology.pdf

Gastritis G 675

trachoma 336, 338–339,

diagnosis 444, 641, 644,

Freund’s adjuvant (FA) 141

655

650

Fructification

see also specific infections

epidemiology 28,

sexual 351–352

444–445

vegetative 351

&F

pathogenesis 443 –444

Fungal allergies 352–353

pathogens 443

Fungal culture 356

prevention 445

Fungal infections see My-

F antigens 281

Flavobacterium meningo-

coses

F-factor 176–177, 179

septicum 305

Fungal thallus 350

Fab 52, 140

Fleas 606, 618–620

Fungi 6, 348–349

Facultative pathogens 8, 9

diagnosis 653

characteristics 348–349

Fas ligand 82

sand fleas 619– 620, 653

metabolism 351

Fasciola (fasciolosis)

see also Siphonaptera

morphology 349–350

555 –556

Fleroxacin 189

dimorphism 350

clinical manifestations

Flies 606, 616–617

nosocomial infections

556

bite reactions 616

344–345

diagnosis 556, 625, 641,

diagnosis 653

reproduction 351–352

643

myiasis 617

asexual 351

epidemiology 555

role as vectors 616

sexual 351–352

gigantica 555 –556

Flomoxef 192, 195

taxonomy 349

hepatica 543, 555 –556,

Flucloxacillin 193

see also Mycoses; specific

641, 643

Fluconazole 356

fungi

life cycle 555

Flukes 546

Fungi imperfecti 348, 352

occurrence 555

blood flukes see Schisto-

Furazolidone 192

prevention 556

soma

Furuncles 232, 651

therapy 556

liver flukes

Fusarium spp. 355, 369

Fasciolopsis buski 543

cat liver fluke

diagnosis 656, 657

diagnosis 640

557–558

solani 656

Favre-Durand-Nicolas dis-

Chinese liver fluke

Fusidic acid 191

ease see Lymphogranulo-

557–558

Fusobacterium spp. 225,

ma venereum

lancet liver fluke 557

317, 319

Fc fragment 53, 140

see also Fasciola

Fermentation 161

lung flukes see Parago-

&G

Fever blisters 420

nimus

Fifth disease 412–413

Fluorescence microscopy

Filarioidea (Filariae) 545,

212

gag gene 449, 450

587–588

see also Immunofluores-

Gammaglobulins 141

life cycle 587

cence

Ganciclovir 404

morphology 587

Fluorescence-activated

Gangrene see Gas gan-

see also specific parasites

cell sorter (FACS) 130,

grene

Filariosis 587–588

132 –133

Gangrenous cellulitis 651,

diagnosis 622, 625, 649

5-Fluorocytosine 357

653

Loa loa 593

Follicular dendritic cells

Gardnerella vaginalis 221,

lymphatic 588 –593

(FDC) 62

252, 254

Filoviruses 383, 471

Folliculitis 651

diagnosis 636

clinical picture 471

Fonsecea pedrosoi 355

Gas gangrene 246–248,

diagnosis 471

Food poisoning 233

653

epidemiology 471

Foreign body-associated

clinical picture 248

pathogenesis 471

infection foci 159, 232,

diagnosis 248

prevention 471

234

pathogen spectrum 246

Filtration 38

Formaldehyde 39

pathogenesis 247

Fimbriae 158

Foscarnet 404

prevention 248

Final room disinfection 41

Fosfomycin 191

therapy 248

Five-day fever 334

mechanism of action 198

toxins 246–247

Flagella 157–158

Fractalkine 83, 141

Gastric lymphoma 638

Flaviviridae 28, 383, 442

Francisella 313

Gastric ulcer 307, 638

Flaviviruses 442 –446

tularensis 225, 313, 316

Gastritis 307–308

clinical picture 443 –444

diagnosis 648

diagnosis 638

Helminths 7, 543 –544

serological markers

eye infections 656

classification 545

432

nervous system 644,

diagnosis

epidemiology 433

645

differential diagnosis

infection/immune re-

respiratory tract 630

543 –544

sponse relationship 104,

urogenital tract 636

specimen handling

105

epidemiology 421

622

mutants 430

pathogenesis 419–421

zoonoses 29, 30

pathogenesis 431

therapy 421

see also specific parasites

chronic aggressive

type 1 419–421

Helper T cells see T cells

hepatitis (CAH) 431

type 2 421

Hemagglutination 126

chronic persistent he-

Herpesviruses 382,

indirect 124

patitis (CPH) 431

418–426

inhibition test 124

prevention 433

biology 419

Hemagglutinin 379

booster vaccines

diagnosis 418

Hematopoietic system in-

433–434

therapy 418

fections 648–649

Hepatitis C virus (HCV)

see also specific viruses

see also specific infections

442, 445 –446

Hetacillin 193

Hemolysis 235

clinical picture 445

Heterolobosa 477

Hemolytic plaque assay

diagnosis 445, 641

Heterologous 141

132

epidemiology 445

Heterophyes heterophyes

Hemolytic-uremic syn-

pathogenesis 445

640

drome (HUS) 294

prevention 445 –446

Heteroptera 606, 616

Hemophilus aphrophilus

Hepatitis D virus (HDV)

Hfr (high frequency of re-

304

431, 472

combination) cells 177, 179

Hemorrhagic colitis 294

diagnosis 432, 641

High endothelial venules

Hemorrhagic fever 461,

Hepatitis E virus (HEV)

(HEV) 141

463, 471

438, 440

High responder 141

diagnosis 650

clinical picture 440

Histocompatibility 141

with renal syndrome

diagnosis 440, 641

Histoplasma capsulatum

(HFRS) 460, 461, 462

epidemiology 440

(histoplasmosis) 354,

Hendra virus 465, 466

pathogenesis 440

358–360

epidemiology 467

Hepatitis G virus (HGV)

clinical picture 359

Henle-Koch postulates 3

442, 445

culture 358

Hepaciviruses 442,

diagnosis 641

diagnosis 359, 633

445 –446

Hepatocellular carcinoma

eye infections 657

clinical picture 445

(HCC) 431, 445

epidemiology 359–360

diagnosis 445

Hepatoviruses 434,

morphology 358–359

epidemiology 445

437–438

pathogenesis 359

pathogenesis 445

clinical picture 437

therapy 359

pathogens 445

diagnosis 437

HIV see Human immuno-

prevention 445 –446

epidemiology 438

deficiency virus (HIV)

Hepadnaviruses 382,

pathogenesis 437

Hodgkin disease 424

429 –434

prevention 438

Homologous 141

diagnosis 429

Hereditary angiedema 141

Homologous recombina-

prevention 429

Herpangina 630

tion 171, 180

replication 385, 387

Herpes

Homologous restriction

Hepatitis 641

genitalis 421

factor (HRF) 89

Hepatitis A virus (HAV)

labialis 420

Hookworms 580 –582

437–438

neonatorum 421

Hospital disinfection 41

clinical picture 437

zoster 422

Hospital-acquired pneu-

diagnosis 437, 641

see also Varicella-zos-

monia 633

epidemiology 438

ter virus (VZV)

Host-pathogen interac-

prevention 438

Herpes simplex virus

tions 7–8

Hepatitis B virus (HBV)

(HSV) 418, 419–421

Host-versus-graft (HVG)

429 –434

clinical picture 421

reactions 116, 141

chronic hepatitis B 433

diagnosis 421

House-dust mites 612

clinical picture 431

cutaneous infection

Human caliciviruses

diagnosis 432, 641

650

(HuCV) 439

Human diploid cell virus

Humoral 141

Immune defects 117–118

(HDCV) 469 –470

defense factors 22

Immune hydrops fetalis

Human granulocytic ehr-

immunity 23, 48–50,

112

lichiosis (HGE) 333

85 –86, 402

Immune paralysis 141

Human herpesvirus 6

cytotoxic humoral im-

Immune response (Ir)

(HHV 6) 418, 425

mune responses

genes 142

clinical picture 425

109 –113

Immunity 43, 141

diagnosis 425, 650

Hyalohyphomycoses 355,

adaptive (acquired) 43,

epidemiology 425

369

44

pathogenesis 425

Hyaluronidase 238

balance between pro-

Human herpesvirus 8

Hybridoma 69, 141

tection and immuno-

(HHV 8) 418, 425 – 426

Hydatid cyst see Echino-

pathology 103–105

clinical picture 425 –426

coccus granulosus

concomitant 553

diagnosis 426

Hydrolytic exoenzymes

defects in immune de-

Human immunodeficiency

15

fenses 24

virus (HIV) 448, 451–455

Hymenolepis nana (hyme-

evasion strategies

clinical picture 451–453

nolepiosis) 544, 575

12–15, 102–103

diagnosis 448, 453, 645,

clinical manifestations

nonspecific immunity

648

575

12–13

HIV antibody detec-

diagnosis 575, 640

specific immunity

tion 453

life cycle 575

13–15

HIV antigen detection

occurrence 575

humoral 23, 48–50,

453

therapy 575

85 –86, 402

PCR 453

Hypersensitivity reactions

immunization influence

rapid HIV test 453

delayed type (DTH)

106–107

epidemiology 454

98–99, 114–115, 140

innate 43, 44

genome 449–450

IgE-triggered anaphy-

primary response 143

genes essential to re-

laxis 108 –109

secondary response 143

plication 449

see also Immunopathol-

specific 23

genes not essential to

ogy

transplantation immu-

replication 449

Hyphae 349–350, 351

nity 115– 117

structural genes 449,

graft-versus-host

450

&I

(GVH) reaction

infection/immune re-

115–116, 141

sponse relationship

host-versus-graft

104

Idiotype 56, 141

(HVG) reactions 116,

pathogenesis 451–453

IgA 49–51

141

prevention 454

functions 56

measurement 117

precautions for

IgA protease 15

tumor immunity

healthcare staff 455

IgD 49, 56

107–108

replication 451

IgE 49, 51

see also Defense mech-

therapy 454 –455

functions 56, 101

anisms; Immunological

combination treat-

IgE-triggered anaphy-

memory; Immuno-

ments 455

laxis 108 –109

pathology; Immuno-

viral load determination

IgG 49, 51

regulation; specific

453

functions 56

infections

see also AIDS; Opportu-

heavy chain rearrange-

Immunization 31–34

nistic pathogens

ment 54

active 31–34, 403

Human leukocyte antigen

subclasses 49

vaccine groups 32

(HLA) 58, 59, 141

IgM 49–51, 71, 93, 94

antiviral protection

Human monocytic ehrli-

detection 411

402 –404

chiosis (HME) 333

functions 56

influence on immune

Human papillomavirus

Immune complexes

defenses 106–107

(HPV) 414

113–114, 141

passive 34, 403 –404

Human T-cell leukemia

in the presence of anti-

recommended immuni-

virus (HTLV) 448, 449

body excess 114

zation schedule 33

HTLV I 449

in the presence of anti-

rhesus immunization

HTLV II 449

gen excess 113–114

112

Isopropanol I 679

see also specific infec-

immunostimulation 119

Influenza viruses 458 –460

tions; Vaccines

immunosuppression 44,

antigen structure 459

Immunoconglutinins 141

120

antigenic shift 460

Immunoelectrophoresis

tumor growth and 108

classification 459

122–123, 124

Immunotherapy 120

clinical picture 459

Immunofluorescence

Immunotolerance 13, 44,

diagnosis 459

125–128, 141, 212

90 –94, 144

cardiovascular system

direct 125 –126, 127

B-cell tolerance 93 –94

647

indirect 127–128

T-cell tolerance 90 –93

eye infections 655

Immunogen 45, 142

central 90

respiratory tract 630,

Immunoglobulins 48–50

complete, exhaustive

631, 632

classes of 49, 50, 54 –57

T-cell induction

epidemiology 460

class switching 54 –56

91–92

pathogenesis 459

functions 56

peripheral 90–91

prevention 460

variability types 56

T-cell indifference/ig-

replication 458 –459

diversity 52, 53 –54

norance 91

structure 458

genetic organization

Impedins 7, 11

therapy 460

53 –54

Impetigo 651

Insecta 606, 612–620

structure 50 –53

In-Pouch Test System 482

see also specific parasites

Fab 52, 140

Inactivated polio vaccine

Insertion sequences (IS

Fc fragment 53, 140

(IPV) 437

elements) 173, 180

hinge region 141

Incerta 477

Instrument disinfection 41

hypervariable region

Incidence 26, 27

Integrins 84

141

Inclusion conjunctivitis

Integron 172, 179

see also Antibodies; IgA;

336, 339

Intercellular adhesion

IgD; IgE; IgG; IgM

Incubation period 9, 27

molecule (ICAM) 529

Immunological cell death

Infection 10

Interferon gamma-induci-

88, 90

endogenous 10

ble protein (IP-10) 82

Immunological memory

exogenous 10

Interferon-stimulated

94–99, 142

generalized 10

genes (ISG) 401

B-cell memory 94–96

inapparent 10

Interferons (IFNs) 75, 76,

need for 97

latent 394

81, 100, 141

T-cell memory 95–96,

local 10

antiviral protection

98–99

mode of 9

400–401

Immunomodulators 207

nosocomial 10, 342 –346

effects of 400, 401

Immunopathology 43 –44,

sources of 30

production of 400–401

103 –105, 108 –115

spectrum 9

Interleukins (IL) 75,

type I: IgE-triggered

subclinical 10

77–78, 80–81, 100, 141

anaphylaxis 108 –109

Infection defenses see De-

immunostimulation 119

type II: cytotoxic hu-

fense mechanisms; Im-

Interstitial pneumonia 371

moral immune re-

munity

Intraperitoneal abscess

sponses 109 –113

Infectious diseases 2–3, 10

643

antiblood group anti-

clinical symptoms

Intron 142

body reactions

15–18

Invasins 7, 11, 282

111–112

fight against 31–34

Invasion and spread 12

autoantibody re-

exposure prophylaxis

Invasive factors 282

sponses 110–111

31

Inverted repeats 180

type III: diseases caused

immunization pro-

Iodamoeba bu¨tschlii

by immune complexes

phylaxis 31– 34

504–505

113–114

legislation 31

Iodine 40

type IV: delayed type,

see also Disinfection;

Ionizing radiation 38

cell-mediated hyper-

Sterilization

Iraconazole 356

sensitivity 98–99,

general schemes of 101

Iron, cumulation by bac-

114– 115

see also specific diseases

terial cells 282

Immunoprecipitation

Infectious mononucleosis

Isologous 142

121–123

424

Isoniazid 191

Immunoregulation

diagnosis 631, 648

Isonicotinamides 191

118– 119

Inflammation 18, 113

Isopropanol 39

Isospora (isosporosis) 515

oxytoca 295

parasitoses 621–626

belli 504–505, 515

ozaenae 295

cultivation 623

diagnosis 639

pneumoniae 280, 295

immunological tech-

Isotype 56, 142

diagnosis 633

niques 624–626

Ixodes 607

rhinoscleromatis 295

material for PCR 624

persulcatus 610

Koch’s phenomenon 266

molecular techniques

ricinus 607 –612

Koplik’s spots 466

624–626

biology 607–609

Kupffer cells 142

shipment of materials

diagnosis 610, 653

Kuru 473, 474

621

epidemiology

Kveim test 99

specimen handling

609 –610

621–623

life cycle 609

&L

respiratory tract infec-

morphology 607

tions 209, 623, 630 –634

tick bite prevention

lower respiratory tract

610

Laboratory culture see

632 –634

scapularis 610

Bacterial culture: Fungal

upper respiratory tract

Ixodida 607

culture; Viral culture

630 –631

Laboratory diagnosis

urogenital tract infec-

&J

bacteria 207–218

tions 635–636

culturing methods

viruses 405 –411

212–214

culturing see Viral

J genes 142

see also Bacterial

culture

Japanese B encephalitis

culture

direct detection

443

identification of

408 –411

Japanese spotted fever 332

pathogen 214–218

following biochemi-

JC virus 415–416

bacterial antigen de-

cal amplification

clinical picture 415–416

tection 217

409 –411

diagnosis 416

chemical character-

indications 405 – 406

pathogenesis 415–416

istics 215

serodiagnosis 411

Joint infections 653 –654

diagnostic animal

see also specific viruses

Junin virus 463 –464

tests 217

Laboratory safety 217–218

molecular methods

LaCrosse virus 461

&K

216–217

Lambliosis see Giardia in-

morphological char-

testinalis

acteristics 214, 215

Lamoxactam 192

K antigens 281

physiological char-

Lancefield groups 235

K cells 142

acteristics 214, 215

Lancet liver fluke 557

Kala-Azar 493

microscopy 211–212

Larva migrans externa see

see also Leishmania

preconditions 208

Cutaneous larva migrans

(leishmanioses)

sampling 208 –210

(CLM)

Kanamycin 189

blood 210

Larva migrans interna see

Kaposi sarcoma 425 –426,

cerebrospinal fluid

Visceral larva migrans

451

210

(VLM)

Kauffmann–White

gastrointestinal

Laryngotracheobronchitis

scheme, salmonellae 283,

tract 210

631

284

pus and wound se-

Lassa virus 463 –464

Keratitis 428, 656

cretions 210

diagnosis 464

Keratoconjunctivitis 416,

respiratory tract 209

epidemiology 464

421

urogenital tract 210

prevention 464

Ketoconazole 356

transport of test ma-

Latent infection 394

Ketolides 191

terial 208

Laundry disinfection 41

mechanism of action 198

see also specific bac-

Legionella (Legionnaire’s

Kinetoplasta 477

teria

disease) 311–312

Kingella kingae 222, 304

gastrointestinal infec-

classification 311

Kissing disease 424, 425

tions 210, 621–622,

clinical picture 312

Klebsiella 223, 280

638 –640

diagnosis 312, 633

nosocomial infection

laboratory safety

epidemiology 312

343

217–218

pathogenesis 312

pneumophila 225,

see also Mycobacterium

therapy 253

311–312

leprae

toxin 16

culture 312

Leptospira interrogans

prevention 253

morphology 311

(leptospirosis) 226,

Litostomatea 477

therapy 312

328 –330

Liver abscess 502, 503, 642

Legislation 31

classification 328

Liver and activation-regu-

Leishmania (leishma-

clinical picture 329

lated chemokine (LARC)

nioses) 493– 499

culture 328, 329

83, 142

aethiopica 496

diagnosis 329–330

Liver cirrhosis 431, 445

AIDS-associated 498

liver 641

Liver flukes

braziliensis complex 496,

nervous system 644,

cat liver fluke 557–558

652

645

Chinese liver fluke

chagasi 495

epidemiology 330

557–558

clinical manifestations

morphology 328

lancet liver fluke 557

496 –498

pathogenesis 328 –329

see also Fasciola

cultivation 623

anicteric leptospirosis

Liver infections 641–642,

cutaneous leishmaniosis

329

643

493, 495 –496

icteric leptospirosis

see also specific infections

diagnosis 498–499,

329

Loa loa (loaosis) 589,

623, 652

prevention 330

590 –591, 592, 593

diagnosis 498 –499, 623,

therapy 330

clinical manifestations

625, 643, 649, 652

Lethality 26 –27

593

distribution 493

Leukemia 69

diagnosis 593, 653, 655

donovani 495, 643, 649

Leukemia inhibitory factor

epidemiology 593

epidemiology 498

(LIF) 81

life cycle 593

immunology 498

Leukocidin 232

occurrence 593

infantum 494, 495, 643,

Leukocytes 46

pathogenesis 593

649

Levofloxacin 189

therapy 593

life cycle 494–496

Lice 606, 612–615

Lobar pneumonia 240

major 495, 652

body 613, 615

Lobosea 477

mexicana complex 496,

crab/pubic 613, 615

Lockjaw see Tetanus

652

diagnosis 653

Lo¨ffler nutrient medium

mucocutaneous leish-

head 613–614

256

maniosis 493, 496, 652

see also Anoplura

Lo¨ffler syndrome 579

occurrence 494

Lincomycin 191

Loracarbef 189, 195

peruviana 496

Lincosamides 191, 195

Louse see Lice

prevention 499

Linezolid 192

Low responder 142

therapy 499

Lipoid A 156

LTR sequence 449

tropica 495, 652

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

Lucilia spp. 617

visceral leishmaniosis

18, 142, 155 –156

Lues see Syphilis

493, 495

Listeria (listeriosis) 251,

Lumefantrine 533

diagnosis 498, 499,

253

Lung flukes see Paragoni-

623, 643, 649

connatal listeriosis 253

mus

Lentiviruses 449

infection/immune re-

Lyme disease

Lepromin test 99

sponse relationship 104

clinical manifestations

Leprosy 262, 269 –271

ivanovii 252

326 –327

clinical picture 270

monocytogenes 221, 251,

diagnosis 327

diagnosis 99, 270, 646,

252 –253

epidemiology 327–328

651

clinical characteristics

therapy 327

epidemiology 271

253

transmission 28,

immunity 269 –270

culture 252

327–328, 607

infection/immune re-

diagnosis 253

see also Ixodes ricinus

sponse relationship 104

nervous system 644,

see also Borrelia burg-

lepromatous 270

645

dorferi

pathogenesis 269

urogenital tract 636

Lymph nodes 48, 74

prevention 271

epidemiology 253

Lymphocryptovirus 382

therapy 270

morphology 252

Lymphocyte function tests

tuberculoid 269, 270

pathogenesis 252

132 –134

Mucormycoses M 683

diagnosis 648

clinical manifestations

Monokine induced by

Membrane cofactor pro-

540

interferon gamma (MIG)

tein (MCP) 89

diagnosis 504 –505, 542,

83

Membrane proteins

623, 625

Monokines 77

151–152

gastrointestinal tract

Mononucleosis

outer membrane pro-

639

chronic 425

teins 155

respiratory tract 634

infectious 424

Membrane toxins 15, 16

stool specimen hand-

Moraxella 278

Meningitis 273, 276–278,

ling 621

catarrhalis 223, 278

644

urogenital tract 635

diagnosis 630, 632,

clinical picture 277

epidemiology 542

658

cryptococcal 367

life cycle 539 –540

lacunata 278

diagnosis 277, 644

morphology 539

diagnosis 655, 656,

epidemiology 277

parasites 538

657

prevention 277– 278

therapy 542

Morbidity 26, 27

therapy 277

Microsporum spp. 355, 373

Morbilli 650

viral 644

canis 373, 374

Morbillivirus 465

see also Neisseria me-

gypseum 374

diagnosis 650

ningitidis

see also Dermatophytes;

Morbus hemolyticus neo-

Meningococci 276–278

Microsporidia (micro-

natorum 112

culture 276

sporidiosis)

Morganella 223, 280

infection/immune re-

Migration inhibition fac-

morganii 295

sponse relationship 104

tors (MIF) 142

nosocomial infection

morphology 276

Milker’s nodules 428, 650

343

transmission 277

Minimum bactericidal

Mortality 26

see also Neisseria me-

concentration (MBC) 205

Mosquitoes 606, 616

ningitidis

Mininum infective dose 9

bite prevention

Meningoencephalitis 253,

Minimum inhibitory con-

535–536

367

centration (MIC) 204–205

bite reactions 616

early summer (ESME)

Minocycline 194

control 537

607

Mites 606, 610 –612

role as vectors 616

primary amebic (PAM)

forage/domestic 612

see also Malaria

507

house-dust 612

Moxifloxacin 189

spring-summer (SSME)

Mitogen 142

Mucocutaneous leishma-

443

Mixed lymphocyte culture

niosis see Leishmania

Meropenem 194

(MLC) 142

(leishmanioses)

Mesosomes 152

Mixed lymphocyte

Mucor spp. 354, 367–369

Mesostigmata 606, 612

reaction (MLR) 142

Mucorales 367

Messenger RNA 180,

Mobiluncus

culture 367

387–388

curtisii 261

diagnosis

splicing 388

diagnosis 636

eye infections 657

Metamonada 477

mulieri 261

nervous system 645,

Metastigmata 606

diagnosis 636

646

Methicillin 193

Modification enzymes 180

respiratory tract 633,

Methylene blue 211

Modulins 8, 11

634

Metronidazole 192

Molds 349

morphology 367

Mezlocillin 193

see also Fungi

pathogenesis 367–368

MHC see Major histocom-

Molecular mimicry 13

Mucormycoses 354,

patibility complex

Molluscum contagiosum

367–369

Microphages 21

426 –429

clinical pictures

Microscopy 211–212, 356

diagnosis 426, 650

367–368

electron microscopy

Monkeypox viruses 426

cutaneous 368

(EM) 409

Monobactams 192, 195

diagnosis 368–369

fluorescence microscopy

Monoclonal 142

disseminated 368

212

Monoclonal antibodies 69,

gastrointestinal 368

Microsporea 477

70

pulmonary 368

Microsporidia (microspo-

Monocyte chemoattrac-

rhinocerebral 368

ridiosis) 477, 505, 538 –542

tant protein (MCP-1) 82

therapy 369

Mucosa-associated lym-

Mycophyta see Fungi

Naphtoquinones 533

phoid tissue (MALT) 48, 57,

Mycoplasma

Nasopharyngeal carcino-

142

hominis 340, 341, 342

ma 424

Multiple sclerosis 115

diagnosis 635, 636

Natural killer (NK) cells 85,

Mumps virus 465, 466

pneumoniae 228, 340,

142 –143

diagnosis 641, 644, 645

341–342

Necator (ancylostomosis)

prevention 467

diagnosis 632, 633,

580 –582

Murein 152, 153

647

americanus 580

Muscle infections

Mycoplasmas 6, 228,

clinical manifestations

653 –654

340 –342

582

Mutation

classification 340

control 582

bacteria 170, 171, 180

clinical pictures 341

diagnosis 582, 640

viruses 389, 390

culture 341

life cycle 580 –582

Mutation rate 171

diagnosis 341

morphology 580

Mx protein 401

epidemiology 341–342

occurrence 580

Mycelium 350

morphology 148,

therapy 582

Mycetoma 355, 372

340 –341

Necrosis 392 –393

diagnosis 652

pathogenesis 341

structural changes

Mycobacteria 222, 262

therapy 341

392 –393

nontuberculous (NTM)

see also Mycoplasma

Necrotizing fasciitis 654

271–272

Mycoses 353–357

streptococcal 654

clinical pictures 271

cutaneous 352, 353, 355,

Necrotizing pneumonia

culture 271

372–374

365, 634

diagnosis 271

diagnosis 356, 652

Needle complex 17

infections caused 272

host-pathogen interac-

Negative factor (nef) 449

morphology 271

tions 353

Neisseria 222, 273–274,

therapy 271

opportunistic 352, 353,

647, 655

see also Mycobacterium

354–355, 362–372

gonorrheae 222, 273,

Mycobacterium 222, 262

yeast mycoses

274– 276

africanum 263

369 –370

culture 274

avium/intracellulare

primary 352, 353, 354,

diagnosis 275

complex 222

358

eye infections 656,

bovis 263

subcutaneous 352, 355,

657

eye infections 655, 656,

372

joint infection 654

657

therapy 352, 356

urogenital tract 635,

leprae 222, 269–271

see also specific fungal

636, 637

clinical picture 270

pathogens

morphology 274,

diagnosis 270, 646, 651

Mycotoxicoses 353

275

immunity 269 –270

Myelin basic protein (MBP)

pathogenesis 274

morphology 269

142

penicillin resistance

pathogenesis 269

Myeloid lineage 46

276

tuberculosis 222, 263

Myeloma 69, 142

see also Gonorrhea

diagnosis

Myiasis 617

meningitidis 222,

cardiovascular sys-

cutaneous 617

273–274, 276–278

tem 647

diagnosis 653

antigen structure

nervous system 644,

Myocarditis 647

276–277

645

culture 276

respiratory tract 632

&N

diagnosis 277, 644

urogenital tract 635,

morphology 275, 276

636

pathogenesis 277

see also Tuberculosis

N-formimidoyl thienamy-

sources of infection

bacteria (TB)

cin 193

277

see also Leprosy; Myco-

Naegleria (naegleriosis)

transmission 277

bacteria; Tuberculosis;

507

see also Meningitis

Tuberculosis bacteria

fowleri 507

Neisseriaceae 222, 274

(TB)

diagnosis 646

Nematocera 606, 616

Mycogenic allergies

Nail mycosis 374

bite reactions 616

352–353

Nairovirus 461

role as vectors 616