Hart C. Anthony, Shears Paul. Color Atlas of Medical Microbiology.pdf
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Aspergillus (aspergillosis) A 665
(EIA) 128 –129 |
immunoelectropho- |
Archaea 5 |
HIV antibody detection |
resis 122 –123, 124 |
killing of 35 |
453 |
immunoprecipitate |
Archaeopsylla erinacei 618 |
immunofluorescence |
121 |
Arenaviruses 383, |
125–128 |
nephelometry 122 |
462 –464 |
direct 125 –126, 127 |
radial immunodiffu- |
clinical picture 463 |
indirect 127–128 |
sion technique 122, |
diagnosis 464, 644, 645, |
immunoprecipitation in |
123 |
650 |
liquids and gels |
Western blotting 123, |
epidemiology 464 |
121–123 |
125 |
pathogenesis 463 |
double diffusion tech- |
malaria 531 |
pathogens 463 |
nique 121–122, 141 |
radioimmunoassay (RIA) |
prevention 464 |
immunoelectropho- |
128–129 |
Artemether 533, 534 |
resis 122 –123, 124 |
Antigen presentation |
Artemisinin 533 |
immunoprecipitate |
60 –62, 65 |
Artesunates 533 |
121 |
Antigen presenting cells |
Arthritis |
nephelometry 122 |
(APC) 62 –63, 65, 74, 76, |
Lyme disease 326, 327 |
radial immunodiffu- |
78, 92 |
polyarthritis 115 |
sion technique 122, |
distribution 48 |
septic 654 |
123 |
Antigen recognition 52 |
Arthropods 7, 606–607 |
Western blotting 123, |
Antigen-binding sites |
classification 606 |
125 |
(ABS) 44, 53, 139 |
zoonoses 29, 30 |
leptospirosis 329 –330 |
Antigenic shift 460 |
see also specific parasites |
malaria 531 |
Antigenic variation 14–15, |
Arthrospores 351 |
radioimmunoassay (RIA) |
489 |
Arthus reaction 114 |
128–129 |
Antigens 44–45, 67–68, |
Arylaminoalcohols 533 |
syphilis 321–322 |
139 |
Ascaridida 545 |
antilipoidal antibodies |
epitopes 68 |
Ascaris lumbricoides (as- |
321–322 |
self antigens 92 |
cariosis) 544, 577–579 |
antitreponema anti- |
superantigens 14, 17, 72 |
clinical manifestations |
bodies 322 |
T help-dependent |
578 –579 |
Antibody-dependent cel- |
68,144 |
control 579 |
lular cytotoxicity (ADCC) |
type 1 T-independent |
diagnosis 579, 626, 634, |
85, 139 |
(TI1) 68 |
640 |
Anticodon 179 |
type 2 T-independent |
epidemiology 578 |
Antigen assays 121 –129, |
(TI2) 68 |
life cycle 577, 578 |
217, 409 |
see also Antigen assays |
morphology 577 |
agglutination reaction |
Antiglobulin tests |
occurrence 577 |
123–125 |
124–125 |
pathogenesis 578–579 |
amebosis 506 |
Antilipoidal antibodies |
intestinal phase 579 |
complement fixation |
321–322 |
larval migration |
test (CFT) 125 |
Antimalarial drugs |
578 –579 |
coproantigen detection |
533–534 |
therapy 579 |
506, 622 |
drug combinations 534 |
Ascospores 352 |
enzyme immunoassay |
resistance to 532 |
Aseptic measures 35 |
(EIA) 128 –129 |
Antiphagocytosis 13 |
Aspergilloma 365 |
fungal infections 356 |
Antiseptic measures 35 |
Aspergillus (aspergillosis) |
HIV antigen detection |
Antitreponema antibodies |
354, 364–366, 372 |
453 |
322 |
cerebral 365 |
immunofluorescence |
Apalcillin 193 |
clinical pictures 365 |
125–128 |
Apicomplexa 477 |
culture 364 |
direct 125 –126, 127 |
Apicoplast 509 |
diagnosis 365 |
indirect 127–128 |
Apoptosis 392, 393 |
cardiovascular system |
immunoprecipitation in |
Arachnida 606, 607–612 |
647 |
liquids and gels |
see also specific parasites |
cutaneous infection |
121–123 |
Arboviruses 442 |
652 |
double diffusion tech- |
Arcanobacterium hemoly- |
ear infection 658 |
nique 121–122, 141 |
ticum 261 |
eye infections 656, 657 |
666 A Aspergillus (aspergillosis)
nervous system 645, |
B-cell receptor 45 –46, |
chemical characteris- |
646 |
48–50 |
tics 215 |
respiratory tract 633, |
genetic rearrangement |
diagnostic animal |
634 |
55 |
tests 217 |
flavus 364 |
Babesia (babesiosis) 538 |
molecular methods |
fumigatus 354, 364, 365 |
diagnosis 649 |
216–217 |
morphology 364 |
divergens 538 |
morphological char- |
pathogenesis 364 |
microti 538 |
acteristics 214, 215 |
respiratory tract infec- |
Bacillary angiomatosis |
physiological charac- |
tion 365 |
334, 649 |
teristics 214, 215 |
therapy 366 |
Bacillus |
see also Laboratory |
Asthma 353 |
anthracis 220, 244–245 |
diagnosis |
Astigmata 606, 612 |
culture 245 |
invasion and spread 12 |
Astroviruses 383, 438, |
diagnosis 651 |
killing of |
439 |
morphology 245 |
kinetics 35–36 |
clinical picture 439 |
pathogenesis 245 |
phagocytosis 23 |
diagnosis 439, 638 |
see also Anthrax |
metabolism 160 –164 |
epidemiology 439 |
cereus 638 |
anabolic reactions 163 |
pathogenesis 439 |
eye infections 656, 657 |
catabolic reactions |
Athlete’s foot 374 |
Bacitracin 194 |
161–163 |
Atopia 109, 139 |
mechanism of action 198 |
metabolic regulation |
Atovaquone 533, 534, 535 |
Bacteremia, transitory 10 |
164 |
Attachment pili 158 |
Bacteria 5–6 |
types of 160– 161 |
Autoantibody responses |
adhesion 11–12 |
molecular genetics |
110–111 |
classification 218–219 |
166–170 |
Autoimmune disease 113 |
culture see Bacterial |
morphology 146 –148 |
see also Immunopathol- |
culture |
nomenclature 228 |
ogy |
diagnosis see Laboratory |
normal flora 24–25 |
Autoimmunity 43 –44, |
diagnosis |
nosocomial infections |
110–111 |
fine structure 148–160 |
343, 344 |
mechanisms 111 |
forms 146 –148, 149 |
pathogenicity 7– 11 |
Autologous 139 |
L-forms 156 –157, 196 |
genetics of 20–21 |
Autosomes 139 |
genetic variability |
problem bacteria 24, 201 |
Avidity 139 |
170–179 |
spores 159 –160 |
Axostylata 477 |
antibiotic resistance |
taxonomy 218 –219 |
Azithromycin 191 |
201 |
toxins 15, 16–17 |
Azlocillin 193 |
intercellular mecha- |
typing 186 |
Azoles 356 |
nisms 174–179 |
virulence 7–11 |
Aztreonam 192 |
molecular mecha- |
regulation of 18–20 |
|
nisms 171–173 |
zoonoses 28, 29 |
&B |
gram-negative 222 –226 |
see also specific bacteria |
attachment pili 158 |
Bacterial culture 164, |
|
|
cell wall 154– 157 |
212–214 |
B cells 45 –46, 67–71 |
virulence protein se- |
bacterial mass 166 |
antigen presentation 63 |
cretion 17 |
cell count 165 –166 |
antigen recognition 52 |
gram-positive 220 –222 |
conditions required for |
clonal selection theory |
cell wall 152– 154 |
growth 214 |
67 |
growth 165 |
growth curve 165 |
interactions 72–75 |
host immunity evasion |
nutrient media 164, 212, |
maturation 47 |
7–8, 12–15, 102 |
213 |
memory 94–96 |
nonspecific immunity |
proliferation forms |
proliferation 69–69 |
12–13 |
212–214 |
T-independent re- |
specific immunity |
see also specific bacteria |
sponses 69 –71 |
13–15 |
Bacterial peliosis hepatis/ |
tolerance 93–94 |
identification of |
splenica 334 |
B-cell attractant (BCA-1) |
214–218 |
Bactericidal activity 196 |
83 |
bacterial antigen de- |
Bacteriophages 175, |
B-cell lymphoma 69 |
tection 217 |
182 –186 |
Brucella (brucellosis) B 667
burst size 185 |
resistance mechanisms |
classification 326 |
composition 183 |
202 |
culture 326 |
definition 182 |
Biguanides 533 |
diagnosis 327, 645, |
importance of 186 |
Bilharziosis see Schistoso- |
651 |
latency period 185 |
ma (schistosomosis) |
morphology 326 |
lysogeny 186 |
Bioburden 35 |
pathogenesis |
morphology 182 –183 |
Biofilm 158 –159, 234 |
326 –327 |
release from host cell |
Biopsies 624 |
see also Lyme disease |
185 |
Bipolaris spp. 354, 369 |
clinical picture 325 |
reproduction 184–185 |
BK virus 415–416 |
culture 325 |
Bacteriostasis 196 |
clinical picture 415–416 |
diagnosis 325, 649 |
Bacteroidaceae 24, 225, |
diagnosis 416 |
duttonii 226, 324–326, |
317–319 |
pathogenesis 415–416 |
649 |
classification 317 |
Blastocystis hominis |
epidemiology 325 –326 |
clinical pictures 318 |
504–505 |
garinii 226 |
culture 317 |
diagnosis 639 |
hermsii 226, 324–326 |
diagnosis 318 |
Blastomyces |
morphology 324 |
epidemiology 319 |
brasiliensis 361 |
pathogenesis 325 |
morphology 317 |
dermatitidis 354, 361 |
prevention 325 –326 |
occurrence 317 |
diagnosis 657 |
recurrentis 226, |
pathogenesis 317–318 |
Blastomycoses |
324–326, 613, 649 |
prevention 319 |
North American 354, |
relapsing fevers |
therapy 318 |
361 |
324–326 |
Bacteroides spp. 225, 317, |
diagnosis 361 |
significance 324 |
319 |
therapy 361 |
taxonomy 324 |
Balamuthia (balamuthio- |
South American 354, |
therapy 325 |
sis) 507 |
361 |
Botulinum neurotoxin 250 |
mandrillaris 507 |
diagnosis 361 |
Botulism 246, 250 |
Balantidium coli (balanti- |
therapy 361 |
clinical picture 250 |
dosis) 542 |
see also Blastomyces |
diagnosis 250, 646 |
Bang’s disease see Brucella |
Blastospores 351 |
epidemiology 250 |
(brucellosis) |
Blood flukes see Schistoso- |
infant botulism 250 |
Bartonella 227, 334–335 |
ma |
prevention 250 |
bacilliformis 227, 334 |
Blood sampling 210, 622 |
therapy 250 |
diagnosis 649 |
Boeck’s sarcoid, diagnostic |
wound botulism 250 |
claridgeia 227, 334, 649 |
test 99 |
see also Clostridium bo- |
classification 334 |
Bone infections 653 –654 |
tulinum |
clinical pictures 334 |
Bone marrow 62 |
Brachycera 606, 616–617 |
culture 334 |
B cell maturation 47 |
bite reactions 616 |
diagnosis 335 |
dendritic cells 62 |
myiasis 617 |
epidemiology 335 |
transplantation 116 |
role as vectors 616 |
henselae 227, 334, 649 |
Bordetella 313, 315–316 |
Brazilian purpuric fever |
morphology 334 |
bronchiseptica 315 |
303 |
quintana 227, 334, 613 |
parapertussis 315 |
Brill-Zinseer disease 332 |
therapy 335 |
pertussis 225, 313, 315 |
BRO penicillinases 278 |
Basal body 158 |
culture 315 |
Bronchiolitis 467, 632 |
Basidiospores 352 |
diagnosis 316, 632 |
Bronchitis 632 |
BCG vaccine 268 |
morphology 315 |
Bronchoalveolar lavage |
Beard ringworm 374 |
pathogenesis 315 |
(BAL) 209 |
Bedbug 616 |
virulence regulation |
Bronchopneumonia 240 |
Bence-Jones proteins 69, |
19, 315 |
Bronchus-associated lym- |
139 |
see also Whooping |
phoid tissue (BALT) 48 |
Benzyl penicillin 193 |
cough |
Brucella (brucellosis) 28, |
Betalactam antibiotics 187, |
Bornholm disease 653 |
225, 313–314 |
189 –193 |
Borrelia 324–328 |
abortus 225, 313, 648 |
chemical structures 195 |
afzelii 226 |
canis 225 |
mechanisms of action |
burgdorferi 28, 226, 324, |
classification 313 |
198, 199 |
326 –328 |
clinical picture 314 |
|
|
|
Clostridium C 669 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cell division 150 |
Chemoprophylaxis |
therapy 299 |
|
Cell membrane see Cyto- |
206–207, 402 |
transmission 299 |
|
plasmic membrane |
see also specific infections |
see also Vibrio cholerae |
|
Cell wall 18, 152 –157 |
Chickenpox 422 |
Cholera toxin 16, 297–298 |
|
gram-negative bacteria |
diagnosis 650 |
mechanism of action |
|
154 –157 |
see also Varicella-zoster |
298 |
|
gram-positive bacteria |
virus (VZV) |
Chromium release assay |
|
152 –154 |
Chikungunya virus 441 |
134 |
|
tuberculosis bacteria |
Chimeras 140 |
Chromoblastomycosis 355, |
|
264 |
Chinese liver fluke |
372 |
|
Cellulitis see Anaerobic |
557–558 |
Chromomycosis 372 |
|
cellulitis |
Chlamydia |
diagnosis 652 |
|
Cephalosporins 189–190, |
pneumoniae 227, 335, |
Chromosomes 167, 179 |
|
195 |
339–340 |
Chronic obstructive pul- |
|
group 1 189 |
diagnosis 632, 633 |
monary disease (COPD) |
|
group 2 190 |
psittaci 227, 335, |
632 |
|
group 3a 190 |
337–338 |
Ciliophora 477 |
|
group 3b 190 |
diagnosis 337–338, |
Cimex lectularius 616 |
|
oral 190 |
633 |
Ciprofloxacin 189, 195 |
|
Cephalothin 189 |
epidemiology 338 |
Cistron 179 |
|
Ceratophyllidae 618–619 |
pathogenesis 337 |
Citrobacter 223, 280 |
|
clinical manifestations |
therapy 338 |
amalonaticus 295 |
|
619 |
trachomatis 227, |
freundii 295 |
|
control 619 |
335– 336 |
Cladosporium carrionii 355 |
|
diagnosis 619 |
clinical pictures |
Clarithromycin 191 |
|
epidemiology 619 |
338–339 |
Clavulanic acid 192, 195 |
|
life cycle 618–619 |
diagnosis |
Clindamycin 191, 195 |
|
morphology 618 |
cardiovascular sys- |
CLIP (class II-inhibiting |
|
Ceratophyllus gallinae 618 |
tem 647 |
protein) 140 |
|
Cercarial dermatitis 553 |
eye infections 655, |
Clonal selection theory 67 |
|
Cerebral abscess 646 |
656, 657 |
Clone 180 |
|
Cerebral schistosomosis |
urogenital tract 635, |
Cloning 178 –179 |
|
553 |
636, 637 |
Clonorchis (clonorchiosis) |
|
Cerebrospinal fluid sam- |
Chlamydiae 5, 227–228, |
544, 557–558 |
|
ples 210, 623 |
335– 337 |
clinical manifestations |
|
Cervicitis 338, 636 |
classification 336 |
558 |
|
Cestoda 545, 560, 561 |
culture 337 |
diagnosis 558, 641, 643 |
|
diagnosis 640, 643 |
definition 336 |
epidemiology 558 |
|
see also specific parasites |
morphology 148, 336 |
life cycle 558 |
|
Chagas disease 483, |
elementary bodies |
occurrence 557 |
|
491– 492, 616 |
336 |
prevention 558 |
|
clinical manifestations |
initial bodies 336 |
sinensis 557 |
|
492 |
reproductive cycle 337 |
therapy 558 |
|
diagnosis 492, 625 |
see also Chlamydia |
Clostridial myonecrosis see |
|
epidemiology 491–492 |
Chloramphenicol 190 |
Gas gangrene |
|
occurrence 491 |
mechanism of action 198 |
Clostridium 220 –221, |
|
prevention 492 |
resistance mechanism |
246–248, 651, 653, 654 |
|
therapy 492 |
202 |
botulinum 221, 250 –251 |
|
see also Trypanosoma |
Chlorine 39 –40 |
|
diagnosis 250, 646 |
cruzi |
Chloroquine 533, 534, 535 |
|
pathogenesis and 250 |
Chagoma 492 |
Cholangitis 641 |
|
toxin 250 |
Chancre |
Cholecystitis 641 |
|
see also Botulism |
hard 321 |
Cholera 296, 297–300 |
culture 246 |
|
trypanosome 489 |
clinical picture 299 |
difficile 221, 251 |
|
Chemokines 82 –83, |
diagnosis 299, 639 |
|
diagnosis 251, 638 |
84–85, 139 |
epidemiology 299 |
morphology 246 |
|
constitutive 83, 84 |
prevention 299 –300 |
occurrence 246 |
|
inflammatory 84 |
source of infection 299 |
pathogens 246 |
|
670 C Clostridium
perfringens 221 |
alternative activation 87, |
ulcerans 261 |
diagnosis 638, 653 |
88 –89, 139 |
xerosis 261 |
toxin 16 |
classic activation 86, |
Cotrimoxazole 194 |
tetani 220, 248–250 |
87,88 |
Cowpox 428 |
diagnosis 248, 646 |
control proteins 89 |
Coxiella burnetii 28, 227, |
epidemiology 249 |
resistance to 13 |
330, 332 |
pathogenesis 248 |
Complementation 391 |
diagnosis 633 |
prophylaxis 249–250 |
Concanavalin A 140 |
transmission 28, 331 |
therapy 248 |
Condylomata acuminata |
see also Q fever |
toxin 16, 248 |
414 |
Coxsackievirus |
see also Tetanus |
Conidia 351 |
clinical syndromes 436 |
Cloxacillin 193 |
Conjugation 171, 175 –177, |
diagnosis 630, 653 |
Clumping factor test 233 |
180 |
group A 435, 436 |
Cobra venom factor 140 |
Conjugation pili 158, 181 |
group B 436 |
Cocci 149 |
Conjunctivitis 303 |
Creeping eruption 617 |
Coccidea 477 |
diagnosis 655 |
diagnosis 652 |
Coccidioides immitis (coc- |
inclusion 336, 339 |
see also Cutaneous larva |
cidioidomycosis) 354, 360 |
swimming-pool 336, |
migrans (CLM) |
clinical picture 360 |
339 |
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease |
culture 360 |
viral 416 |
(CJD) 342, 473–474 |
diagnosis 360, 633, |
Connatal listeriosis 253 |
epidemiology 474 |
644 |
Connective tissue infec- |
new variant (nvCJD) 473, |
epidemiology 360 |
tions 650 –653 |
474 |
morphology 360 |
see also specific infections |
Croup 631 |
pathogenesis 360 |
Contamination 10 |
Cryoglobulin 140 |
therapy 360 |
Contracecum 604 |
Cryptococcus neoformans |
Code 179 |
Coombs test 124–125 |
(cryptococcosis) 354, |
Codon 179 |
Coproantigen detection |
366–367 |
Colistin 194 |
506, 622 |
clinical picture 366–367 |
Colitis |
Coproscopic diagnosis 503 |
culture 366 |
antibiotic-associated |
Corepressor 179 |
diagnosis 366 |
251 |
Coronaviruses 383, |
cardiovascular system |
chronic 503 |
446 –448 |
647 |
hemorrhagic 294 |
clinical picture 447 |
nervous system 644, |
pseudomembranous |
diagnosis 446, 447 |
645 |
246, 251 |
gastrointestinal tract |
respiratory tract 633 |
clinical course 251 |
638 |
epidemiology 367 |
diagnosis 251, 638 |
respiratory tract 630, |
morphology 366 |
Colonization 10 |
634 |
pathogenesis 366–367 |
resistance 24–25 |
epidemiology 447–448 |
pulmonary cryptococ- |
Colonizing factors (CFA) |
pathogenesis 447 |
cosis 367 |
293 |
pathogens 446 |
therapy 367 |
Colorado tick fever 456 |
replication 447 |
Cryptosporidium (cryptos- |
Coltiviruses 456 |
Corynebacterium |
poridiosis) 517–520 |
Combination therapy |
diphtheriae 221, |
baileyi 517 |
205 –206 |
255 –258 |
canis 517 |
Combining site 140 |
culture 255 –256 |
clinical manifestations |
Commensals 9, 24–25 |
diagnosis 256–257, |
518–519 |
Common cold (rhinitis) |
631 |
immunocompetent |
438, 447, 630 |
epidemiology |
persons 518 |
Common sheep tick |
257–258 |
immunodeficient per- |
607– 610 |
morphology 255 |
sons 518–519 |
Community-acquired |
pathogenesis 256 |
diagnosis 504–505, 519, |
pneumonia 633 |
toxin 16, 256 |
625, 639 |
Complement fixation test |
see also Diphtheria |
stool specimen hand- |
(CFT) 125 |
jeikeium 261 |
ling 621 |
Complement system |
pseudodiphtheriticum |
epidemiology 518 |
86 –90, 140 |
261 |
transmission 29, 518 |
672 D Dermatophytes
culture 373 |
immitis 605 |
Duffy antigen receptor for |
diagnosis 652 |
repens 605 |
chemokines (DARC) 85, |
morphology 373 |
Disinfection 34, 35 |
140 |
pathogenesis 373 |
chemical methods |
Duodenal ulcer 307, 638 |
see also Dermatomy- |
39 –40 |
Dysentery 280, 287–289 |
coses |
kinetics of pathogen |
clinical picture 288 |
Desensitization 140 |
killing 35–36 |
diagnosis 288, 638 |
Deuteromycetes 348, 352 |
mechanisms of action |
epidemiology 288 –289 |
Diagnosis see Laboratory |
36 –37 |
prevention 289 |
diagnosis; specific infec- |
physical methods of |
therapy 288 |
tions |
37–38 |
see also Shigella |
Diaminobenzyl pyrimidine |
heat 37–38 |
|
190 |
radiation 38 |
&E |
Diaminopyrimidines 533 |
practical disinfection |
|
Dicrocoelium |
40 –41 |
|
dendriticum 543, 556, |
Disposition 8, 11 |
E-selectin (ELAM) 529 |
557 |
DNA |
Ear infections 658 |
diagnosis 641, 643 |
amplification techniques |
Early antigen (EA) 424 |
Dientamoeba fragilis |
216–217 |
Early summer menin- |
504–505 |
bacterial DNA structure |
goencephalitis (ESME) 607 |
Differential staining 148, |
167–168 |
Ebola virus 471 |
211–212 |
cloning 178 –179 |
clinical picture 471 |
DiGeorge syndrome 140 |
modification 177–178 |
diagnosis 471, 650 |
Digestion 161 |
replication 168, 181 |
epidemiology 471 |
Digestive gland infections |
topology 150 |
pathogenesis 471 |
641–643 |
transcription 168–169, |
prevention 471 |
see also specific infections |
181 |
Echinocandins 357 |
Dihydropropoxymethyl- |
translation 169, 181 |
Echinococcus (echinococ- |
guanosine (DHPG) 404 |
transposable elements |
cosis) 565 –575, 634 |
Dilution coefficient 36 |
173 |
granulosus 565, |
Dilution series tests 204 |
virulence regulation |
566–571 |
Dinitrophenol (DNP) 140 |
mechanisms 18–19 |
clinical manifestations |
Diphtheria 254, 257 |
DNA probes 216 |
568–571 |
clinical picture 256, 257 |
DNA tumor viruses 396 |
control 571 |
diagnosis 256–257, 631 |
DNA viruses 377–378, |
diagnosis 571, 625, |
epidemiology 257–258 |
412–434 |
643, 646 |
nasopharyngeal 257 |
double-stranded |
epidemiology 568 |
prevention 258 |
413–434 |
hosts 566 |
therapy 257 |
replication 384–385, |
life cycle 566–568 |
see also Corynebacterium |
387 |
morphology 566, 569 |
diphtheriae |
single-stranded |
occurrence 566 |
Diphtheria toxin 16, 254, |
412–413 |
prevention 571 |
256 |
see also specific viruses |
therapy 571 |
detection 257 |
DNases 238 |
transmission 29 |
regulation 18–19 |
Domain 140 |
multilocularis 565, |
Diphyllobothrium (diphyl- |
Double diffusion techni- |
571–574 |
lobothriosis) 561, 575–576 |
que 121–122 |
clinical manifestations |
clinical manifestations |
Doxycycline 194, 533 |
570, 574 |
576 |
Dracunculoidea 545 |
control 574 |
diagnosis 576, 640 |
Dracunculus medinensis |
diagnosis 574, 625, |
life cycle 576 |
(dracunculosis) 596 |
643, 646 |
occurrence 575 –576 |
diagnosis 653 |
distribution 572 |
prevention 576 |
Drug resistance |
epidemiology |
therapy 576 |
antimalarial drugs 532 |
573–574 |
Diplomonadea 477 |
resistance plasmids 167, |
hosts 573 |
Diptera 606 |
168, 176, 177 |
life cycle 567, 573 |
Dirofilaria (dirofilariosis) |
see also Antibiotic resis- |
morphology 569, 572 |
605 |
tance |
prevention 574 |
|
|
|
Enterococci E 673 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
therapy 574 |
localization 541 |
nosocomial infection |
|
transmission 29 |
occurrence 541 |
343 |
|
oligarthrus 565, 575 |
symptoms 541 |
sakazakii 295 |
|
voegeli 565, 575 |
see also Microsporidia |
Enterobacteriaceae 223, |
|
Echinostomida 545 |
(microsporidiosis) |
278 –282 |
|
Echovirus 436 |
Encephalomyelitis |
antibiotic resistance 296 |
|
clinical syndromes 436 |
645 –646 |
antigen structure 281 |
|
diagnosis 653 |
Endemic occurrence 27 |
culture 279 |
|
Ecserohilum 369 |
Endocarditis 159, 242 |
definition 279 |
|
Effector molecules 170, |
diagnosis 647 |
diagnosis |
|
179 |
Endolimax nana 504–505 |
|
cardiovascular system |
Ehrlichia (ehrlichiosis) 227, |
Endometritis 636 |
647 |
|
330, 333 |
Endophthalmitis 365, |
|
cutaneous infection |
chaffeensis 227, 333 |
656 –657 |
651 |
|
diagnosis 649 |
Endospores 159–160 |
|
digestive glands 641, |
epidemiology 333 |
Endotoxins 140, 156 |
642 |
|
ewingii 227, 333 |
Bordetella pertussis 315 |
|
eye infections 655, |
human granulocytic |
Enterobacteriaceae 282 |
656, 657 |
|
ehrlichiosis (HGE) 333 |
see also Lipopolysac- |
|
muscle/joint infection |
human monocytic ehrli- |
charide |
654 |
|
chiosis (HME) 333 |
Enoplida 545 |
|
nervous system 644, |
sennetsu 333 |
Enoxacin 189 |
646 |
|
Ehrlichiosis see Ehrlichia |
Entamebiosis see Amebo- |
|
peritonitis 642, 643 |
(ehrlichiosis) |
sis |
|
respiratory tract 633 |
Eikenella corrodens 222, |
Entamoeba |
|
urogenital tract 635, |
304 |
coli 505 |
636 |
|
Electron microscopy (EM) |
diagnosis 503 –506, 625, |
identification of 214 |
|
409 |
639 |
morphology 279 |
|
Electrophoresis |
antibody assay 506 |
normal microbial flora |
|
immunoelectrophoresis |
coproantigen detec- |
25 |
|
technique 122–123, 124 |
tion 506, 622 |
nosocomial infection |
|
Western blotting 123, |
coproscopic diagnosis |
343 |
|
125 |
503 |
opportunistic 295 –296 |
|
Elephantiasis 590 –591 |
differential diagnosis |
pathogenicity determi- |
|
ELISA (enzyme-linked im- |
504–506 |
nants 282 |
|
munosorbent assay) |
stool specimen hand- |
significance 279 |
|
128–129, 132, 140 |
ling 621 |
taxonomy 279 |
|
ELISPOT assay 131, 132, 140 |
dispar 499 –506 |
see also Enterobacter |
|
Emmonsiella capsulata 358 |
hartmanni 504–505 |
Enterobius vermicularis |
|
Empyema 634 |
histolytica 499–506 |
(enterobiosis) 544, |
|
subdural 646 |
cysts 500 |
585 –586 |
|
Encephalitis 421, 428, 443, |
diagnosis 503–506, |
clinical manifestations |
|
466 |
639, 642 |
586 |
|
California 461 |
epidemiology 502 |
diagnosis 586, 640 |
|
granulomatous amebic |
life cycle 501 |
|
specimen handling |
(GAE) 507 |
pathogenesis |
622 |
|
Japanese B 443 |
500–502 |
epidemiology 585 –586 |
|
St. Louis 443 |
trophozoites 500 |
life cycle 585 –586 |
|
tickborne (TBE) 28, 443, |
occurrence 499 |
morphology 585 |
|
607 |
see also Amebosis |
occurrence 585 |
|
diagnosis 644, 645 |
Enteritis 289, 290, 291 |
pathogenesis 586 |
|
see also Ixodes |
viral 439 |
prevention 586 |
|
Encephalitozoon 540 |
see also Yersinia entero- |
therapy 586 |
|
cuniculi 541 |
colitica |
Enterococci 220, 235, 236, |
|
diagnosis 635 |
Enterobacter 223, 280 |
243–244 |
|
hellem 541 |
aerogenes 295 |
antibiotic resistance |
|
intestinalis 538, |
agglomerans 295 |
243–244 |
|
540 –541 |
cloace 295 |
diagnosis 635 |
|
674 E Enterococci
Lancefield groups 235 |
Epidural abscess 646 |
enterotoxic (ETEC) 280, |
normal microbial flora |
Epiglottitis 631 |
293 |
25 |
Episome 179 |
extraintestinal infec- |
nosocomial infection |
Epitopes 44–45, 140 |
tions 292 –293 |
343 |
conformational (struc- |
sepsis 293 |
Enterococcus |
tural) 68 |
urinary tract infection |
faecalis 220, 236, 243 |
sequential (linear) 68 |
292 –293 |
faecium 220, 236, 243 |
Epstein-Barr nuclear anti- |
F-factor 176–177 |
Enterocolitis 638 |
gen (EBNA) 425 |
intestinal infections 292, |
Enterocytozoon 539 |
Epstein-Barr virus 140, |
638 |
bieneusi 538, 540 |
418, 424–425 |
morphology 292 |
diagnosis 540, 639 |
clinical picture 424 |
nosocomial infection |
localization 540 |
diagnosis 424–425 |
343 |
occurrence 540 |
hematopoietic system |
pathogenesis 292 –294 |
see also Microsporidia |
648 |
prevention 294 |
(microsporidiosis) |
nervous system 645 |
therapy 294 |
Enterotoxins 15, 232, 282, |
respiratory tract 631, |
uropathogenic (UPEC) |
293 |
632 |
293 |
cholera toxin 16, |
epidemiology 425 |
verotoxin-producing |
297– 298 |
pathogenesis 424 |
(VTEC) 294 |
mechanism of action |
therapy 425 |
Ethambutol 191 |
298 |
Erypselas 651 |
Ethanol 39 |
Enterovirus 435–436 |
Erysipeloid 252, 253 |
Ethylene oxide 39 |
Enteroviruses 434, |
diagnosis 651 |
Eubacterium sp. 261 |
435–437 |
Erysipelothrix rhusio- |
Euglenozoa 477 |
clinical pictures 436 |
pathiae 221, 252, 253 |
Eukaryotes 4–5, 6 |
diagnosis 436 |
diagnosis 651 |
characteristics of 6 |
cardiovascular system |
Erythema infectiousum |
Exanthema |
647 |
412–413 |
measles 466 |
eye infections 655 |
diagnosis 650 |
scabies 611 |
gastrointestinal tract |
Erythema migrans 326, |
subitum 425 |
638 |
327 |
diagnosis 650 |
nervous system 644, |
diagnosis 651 |
vesicular 420 |
645 |
Erythroblastosis fetalis 112 |
Exfoliatins 232 |
respiratory tract 631, |
Erythromycin 191 |
Exoenzyme S 309 |
633 |
Erythrovirus 382 |
Exon 140 |
epidemiology 436 –437 |
Escape mutants 430 |
Exophiala werneckii 374 |
pathogenesis 436 |
Escherichia coli 223, |
Exotoxins 15 |
pathogens 435–436 |
280 –281, 292 – 294 |
Bordetella pertussis 315 |
prevention 437 |
antigen structure 292 |
Enterobacteriaceae 282 |
env gene 449, 450 |
characteristics 292 |
exotoxin A 309 |
Envelope, viral 377, 378 |
clinical pictures |
pyrogenic streptococcal |
Enzyme immunoassay |
292 –294 |
exotoxins (PSE) 238 |
(EIA) 128 –129, 409 |
diagnosis 294 |
Exposure prophylaxis 31, |
Eotaxin 83, 140 |
digestive glands 641, |
402 |
Epicillin 193 |
642 |
Eye infections 416, |
Epidemic 27 |
gastrointestinal tract |
655 –657 |
Epidemic myalgia 653 |
638 |
conjunctivitis 303, 416, |
Epidemiology 25 –34 |
nervous system 644 |
655 |
sources of infection 30 |
urogenital tract 635 |
inclusion 336, 339 |
terminology 26, 27 |
enteroaggregative (EAg- |
swimming-pool 336, |
transmission 26 –30 |
gEC) 280, 294 |
339 |
see also Infectious dis- |
enterohemorrhagic |
cysticercosis 564, 657 |
eases |
(EHEC) 280, 294 |
endophthalmitis 365, |
Epidermophyton spp. 355, |
enteroinvasive (EIEC) |
656 –657 |
373 |
280, 293 |
keratitis 428, 656 |
floccosum 374 |
enteropathogenic |
scleritis 655 |
see also Dermatophytes |
(EPEC) 280, 293 |
toxoplasmosis 513 |
