Історія України - методичка

Left-bank Ukraine and Zaporozhian Cut entered in the complement of the Russian state . But gradually tsar's government limits rights for Ukrainian territories. With 1665 election of hetman could take place only in presence tsar's representative. With 1669 a hetman lost a right to support the international relations, and with 1687 right to dismiss a petty officer.

At hetman I.Skoropadskom in Getmanshinu tsar's deputy was sent for a supervision after actions of hetman; a capital from Baturina was carried in Gluhov, nearer to the Russian border. On position of colonels and sotnikov of steel to appoint the Russian noblemen.

In 1722 the Malorossiyskaya college which decided all businesses Getmanshini and considerably limited power of hetman was created. Post mortem I.Skoropadskogo in 1722 Peter 1 forbade to elect a new hetman. The hetman Paul Polubotok appointed by a tsar aimed to limit plenary powers of the Malorossiyskoy college and was for it the prisoner.

In 1734 the empress Ann Ioannovna forbade to elect a hetman. The college «Rule of hetman government» was created, which became the higher organ of power in Getmanshine. She was headed by the Russian prince. In 1750 in order of the empress Elisabeth by the hetman of Left-bank Ukraine Cyril Razumovskiy was proclaimed. He also aimed to revive the Getmanshini autonomy. Together with a cossack petty officer K.Razumovskiy appealed to the empress Catherine P with petition about

renewal of autonomy. But Catherine P not only renounced to meet requests about an autonomy but also deprived him the position of hetman.

In 1764 in place of hetman the Peter of Blushs was appointed by a governor general.

In 1765 on Sloboganshine cossack self-government was liquidated. Cossacks were deprived rights and privileges.

In 1796 on the Getmanshini territory the Malorossiyskaya province was created.

The Ukrainian organs of power were transferable national. Cossack shelves were transferable by regular uhlan shelves. A cossack army left off to exist. Getting hold of Ukrainian earths in the complement of the state, the Russian rulers aimed to liquidate Zaporozhian Cut, as a center of Ukrainian national motion. Embodiment of this project was put aside in connection with important strategic position of Zaporozhia and his role in the RussianTurkish relations. After victory in Russian-Turkish war of 1768-1774 Russia got an outlet to the Black sea and accelerated implementation of the intentions in regard to Zaporozhia. In 1775 Zaporozhian Cut was liquidated. To the zaporozhian cossacks suggested to be written down in

narrow-minded and peasant the estates, and to pursue many petty officers of steel.

In 1765-1767 Rumyantsevim was conducted revision of the economic life Getmanshini. She included the census of population, agrarian property, amounts of courts, soils, determination of degree of prosperity of every separate economy. In 1783 by emperor's decree all Ukrainian peasants registered to that place, where they were written down during a census, and to them it was forbidden to pass to new places. Except for peasants some cossacks got in the estate of serfs.

In 1785 Catherine P liquidated a magdeburgskoe right in town of Ukraine and transferred control by them to the Russian officials.

That the Ukrainian gentry supported the Getmanshini liquidation, Zaporozhian Sechi and introduction of serfdom, Catherine P published the Granted deed to nobility, evening the Ukrainian petty officer in rights with the Russian noblemen and passing earths to her.

Thus, on an end 18 in. greater part of Ukraine was converted into the colony of the Russian empire.

Questions for the control of knowledges:

1.The reasons of the national liberation revolution 1648–76 g.g.? are which

2.By what each of stages of national liberation revolution is characterized 1648 – 76 g.g.?

3.Do comparative description of Galitskogo and Pereyaslavskogo agreements.

4.Name the main reasons of liquidation of Getmanshini and Zaporozhian Sechi.

Literature:

1.History of Ukrainian SSR in 10 – ti volumes. – TO., 1985.

2.History of Ukrainian SSR in 2 – h volumes. Short essay. – TO., 1982.

3.M Grushevskiy . S. Ocherk histories of the Ukrainian people. – TO., 1990.

4.Orest subtelniy. Ukraine. History. – TO., 1993

Theme 5

Ukraine in composition the Russian state in the XIX item

"2 hours"

Plan.

1.Economic development of Ukraine. Beginning of industrial revolution. Social contradictions.

2.Participation of Ukraine in Domestic war of 1812. Decembrists on Ukraine.

3.radikalizatsiya of social and political motion. T. G. Shevchenko Kirillomefodievskoe society.

4.Liquidation of serfdom.

5.Development of national liberation motion: populists, marxists, social democrats. Ukrainian political parties were begun by the XX item

1.Участие Ukraine in Domestic war of 1812 Decembrists on Ukraine.

In 1812 Napoleon France, taking the entire European countries almost, began war against Russia. In this war except for an army the part and detachments of volunteers, and peaceful population was taken. Therefore she went down in history as Domestic war.

In June, 1812 the troops of Napoleon crossed the border of Russia. Above all actions developed on territory of Central Russia, Lithuania, Byelorussia and Ukraine.

Napoleon considered that Ukrainians would support his army, because he promised in the case of victory over Russia to give independence to Ukraine.

In summer 1812 the army of Napoleon occupied Volin and set the cruel mode there. The population of Ukraine did not support the army of Napoleon neither in the military relation nor by food. Detachments of selfdefence and guerrillas, a money was going, products and feed-stuff for the militia were created.

Defensive buildings were built.

The French army aimed to break through to Kiev, but did not attain success.

In a deciding battle – Borodinskoy, (as well as in other) – the Ukrainian soldiery formings took direct part (more than 10 thousand of brows.). In December, 1812 the French army was banished from Russia and Ukraine.

After Domestic war of 1812 the progressive ideas of Great French revolution spread among front-rank part of Russian nobility. Front-rank noblemen understood that feodalno-krepostnicheskie orders were the brake of development of society. For this reason decembrist motion is engendered in Russia.

Decembrists – members of secret organizations which aimed to reform Russia (to liquidate serfdom, to adopt Constitution, to conduct bourgeois reforms). The name got this public motion from the name of month (December), when the unsuccessful attempt of revolt was undertaken. Noblemen entered in organization of decembrists mainly.

Decembrists on Ukraine created secret organizations (justices) which united in the South union (1821). A south union closely co-operated with the North union, operating in Petersburg, and Association of the incorporated slavs, which with 1825 entered in his composition.

The leader of the South union Paul Pestel created the position paper of decembrists – the «Russian true», the primary purposes of decembrists were expounded in which: liquidation of autocracy and establishment of republic; liquidation of serfdom and providing of peasants with earth without redemption; liquidation of estates, introduction of freedoms and equalities of all citizens; complete freedom of trade and industry. The future of Ukraine contacted with the Russian state.

Decembrists planned achievement of programmatic aims as a result of military revolution.

On December, 14, 1825 The north union of decembrists heaved up the revolt in Petersburg and sustained defeat. On December, 29-30, 1825 The south union of decembrists began the revolt of the Chernigovskogo regiment on Kievshine. 19 officers and about thousand soldiers took part in him. On January, 3, 1826 the insurgent sustained defeat. The participants of decembrist motion were exiled in Siberia. Leaders among which the leaders of the South union (P.Pestel, S.Muravev-Apostol, M.Bestugev-Ryumin) were were executed.

2. Kirillo-mefodievskoe society. T.G. Shevchenko.

Kirillo-mefodievskoe society – the first political organization in Ukraine. Operated from January, 1846 for March, 1847

The reasons of origin of Kirillo-mefodievskogo fraternity were:

·Distribution of front-rank zapadnoevropeyskih ideas.

·Cruel autocratic mode Nick 1.

The founders of society were: Nick Kostomarov – professor of history of the Kiev university, Nick Gulak – official of office of governor general, scientist-legist, Vasiliy Belozerskiy – student of the Kiev university.

In society 12 persons were included – students, a teacher, squire, is sung by Taras Shevchenko.

The position papers of society were: «Book of bitiya of the Ukrainian people», «Regulation of slavonic fraternity of sv.Кирилла and Mefodiya».

The basic ideas of kirillo-mefodievtsev were proclaimed in them:

·Construction of future society on principles of christian moral through conducting of row of reforms.

·Creation of democratic federation of slavonic people at the head with Ukraine, on principles of equality and sovereign.

·Elimination of tsarizma, serfdom and estates.

·Establishment of democratic rights for citizens.

·Equality in rights for all slavonic people in relation to their national language, cultures and educations.

The members Kirillo-mefodievskogo of society diffused position papers and the revolutionary making T.Shevchenko; propagandized the ideas in universities, soldiery schools of Kiev; carried on scientific activity and distribution of education among people; facilities were collected on edition of popular books.

In spring 1847 all permanent members Kirillo-mefodievskogo of society prisoners and are deported in different places of the Russian empire.

The history value of activity of Kirillo-mefodievskogo society was that this was the maiden attempt of Ukrainian intelligentsia to pass to the political fight. Fraternity first developed the wide political program of national liberation motion, which became a standard for his followers.

Questions for the control of knowledges:

1.How was industrial revolution on socio-economic development of Ukraine reflected?

2.What processes testified to awakening of national consciousness of Ukrainian society?

3.Give estimation of substantive provisions of Regulation and Rules of Kirillo-mefodievskogo society.

4.Is the history value of motion of populists, raznochintsev, social democrats which?

Literature:

1.History of Ukrainian SSR in 10 – that the volumes. – TO., 1985.

2.History of Ukrainian SSR in 2 – ah volumes. Short essay. – TO., 1982.

3.M Grushevskiy . S. Ocherk histories of the Ukrainian people. – TO., 1990.

Theme 6

National revolution 1917 – 1920 g.g.

"4 hours"

Plan.

1.Creation Of Ukrainian Central Soviet. universali UTSR.

2.To The Hetman Of P. Of Skoropadskogo P..

3.Directory. Reasons of defeat.

4.Proclamation of soviet power.

5.Lessons and consequences of national revolution.

1.Создание Ukrainian Central Soviet. universali UTSR.

In February, 1917 burguazno-demokraticheskaya revolution began in the Russian empire. The emperor Nick P renounced from a throne. Power passed to the Provisional government.

Under influencing of these events in Kiev on March, 4, 1917 Ukrainian Central Soviet was created – social and political organization the purpose of which achievement of autonomy of Ukraine in composition Russian Federal Republic was. The representatives of political parties, public organizations, scientific societies, clergy entered in UTSR.

In March, 1917 numerical strength of Ukrainian Central Soviet was small. But its influence on society increased gradually. In the April-May 1917г. by the habitants of Ukraine hundred deputies in TSR were select. They represented all parties and public organizations of that time, and also city, provinces and different layers of population.

On Ukrainian National Congress by chairman TSR Mihail Sergey was select Grushevskiy – the known political figure, historian.

Ukrainian Central Soviet in times of the activity published 4 Universala. 1 variant

1 Universal TSR was published on June, 10, 1917 In him were proclaimed:

·requirement to give to Ukraine an autonomy in composition Russia;

·right to create the organs of power and laws;

·conviction of policy of the Provisional government in relation to TSR;

·supremacy of the UTSR power in Ukraine;

·to create the address to the population the inferior TSR organs of power on places;

·ideas of necessity of creation of state treasury due to taxes ;

·hopes on that All-russian Constituent Assembly will approve the autonomy of Ukraine.

A provisional government condemned First Universal as criminal document. At the end of June, 1917 delegation of the Provisional government arrived in Kiev. For a few days of negotiations she succeeded to compel Central Soviet to go on concessions, giving up the row of positions of 1 Universala.

On July, 3, 1917 TSR published 2 Universal. It was spoken in him:

·TSR complements the composition by the representatives of national minorities;

·TSR elects the General secretariat (government) composition of which asserts the Provisional government;

·A general secretariat becomes the higher organ of regional power of the Provisional government in Ukraine;

·TSR will prepare a law about the autonomy of Ukraine in order to ratify by the his All-russian Constituent assembly;

·The Ukrainian army will be formed only by approbation the General

staff of the Russian empire and cabinet of minister of war.

On October, 25, 1917 the armed revolt under the direction of bolshevists began in Petersburg. A provisional government was overturned, a bolshevist government is created – Advice of Folk Commissars. Central Soviet condemned revolution in Petersburg and in every way hindered to establishment of power of bolshevists in Ukraine. At the beginning of November, 1917 TSR controlled all territory of Ukraine almost.

On November, 7, 1917 TSR came forward with 3 Universalom in which:

·Creation of Ukrainian Folk Republic as a federal republic in composition Russia was proclaimed.

·It was determined, that to the Constituent assembly of Ukraine power in the state belongs TSR and General Secretariat of Ukraine.

·UNR was created from 9 Ukrainian provinces, including Donbassa, Harkovshini, Kherson, Tavrii (without Crimea).

·The squire landownership was liquidated.

·State control above industry and trade was instituted.

·The immediate conducting of peaceful negotiations with the purpose of output of Ukraine from belligerency of was guaranteed (First world).

·A 8-chasoviy working day was entered.

·Democratic rights and freedoms were proclaimed.

Third Universal was discussed on the council-board of Folk Commissars. In December, 1917 the government of Soviet Russia sent to Kiev the «Manifest to the Ukrainian people with the categorical requirements to TSR». As TSR did not consider necessary to execute the terms of ultimatum, Sovnarkom declared war TSR 5 December, 1917 Soviet military parts launched an offensive on territory of Ukraine, and on December, 8 entered to Kharkov. First Allukrainian convention of Advices, which proclaimed Ukraine by Republic of Advices and created a government – the Folk secretariat, was there conducted. Quantity of the TSR troops were in once or twice less

soviet troops. During January, 1918 soviet power was set in most cities of Left-bank Ukraine and in Crimea. On January, 30, 1918 after bitter fights TSR drove out from Kiev. Power passed to the Folk secretariat.

in a height these tragic events on January, 9, 1918 TSR accepted 4 Universal.

·UNR was proclaimed by the independent, sovereign state.

·The policy of bolshevists, which conduced to civil war, was criticized.

·By the organs of power in UNR were proclaimed TSR and Council of Ministers.

·TSR and Council of Ministers immediately will be begun by peaceful negotiations.

·TSR will conduct the fight against the supporters of bolshevism in Ukraine.

·The landed reform in behalf of peasants will be conducted, industry is renewed, help is given unemployed and the victim from war.

·The state instituted control above trade and banking.

·TSR and were obligated to execute Council of Ministers Third Universal.

2 variant

1 Universal TSR was published on June, 10, 1917 The natsionalnoterritorialnaya autonomy of Ukraine was proclaimed.

A provisional government condemned First Universal as criminal document. At the end of June, 1917 delegation of the Provisional government arrived in Kiev. For a few days of negotiations she succeeded to compel Central Soviet to go on concessions, giving up the row of positions of 1 Universala.

On July, 3, 1917 TSR published 2 Universal. It became firmly established that a question about the autonomy of Ukraine must be decided by the Allrussian Constituent assembly. The organs of power on places were created. On October, 25, 1917 the armed revolt under the direction of bolshevists began in Petersburg. A provisional government was overturned, a bolshevist government is created – Advice of Folk Commissars.

Central Soviet condemned revolution in Petersburg and in every way hindered to establishment of power of bolshevists in Ukraine. At the beginning of November, 1917 TSR controlled all territory of Ukraine almost.

On November, 7, 1917 TSR came forward with 3 Universalom, formation of Ukrainian Folk Republic in composition Russian Republic, liquidation

of peculiar on earth, 8-chasoviy working day, control above production, democratic rights and freedoms, was proclaimed in which.

Third Universal was discussed on the council-board of Folk Commissars. In December, 1917 the government of Soviet Russia sent to Kiev the «Manifest to the Ukrainian people with the categorical requirements to TSR». As TSR did not consider necessary to execute the terms of ultimatum, Sovnarkom declared war TSR 5 December, 1917 Soviet military parts launched an offensive on territory of Ukraine, and on December, 8 entered to Kharkov. First Allukrainian convention of Advices, which proclaimed Ukraine by Republic of Advices and created a government – the Folk secretariat, was there conducted. Quantity of the TSR troops were in once or twice less

soviet troops. During January, 1918 soviet power was set in most cities of Left-bank Ukraine and in Crimea. On January, 30, 1918 after bitter fights TSR drove out from Kiev. Power passed to the Folk secretariat.

in a height these tragic events on January, 9, 1918 TSR accepted 4 Universal.

State independence of Ukraine and break of communications with bolshevist Russia was proclaimed.

2. P.P.Skoropadskogo getmanat.

In April, 1918 at support of German and avstro-vengerkogo commands on Ukraine state revolution was accomplished. TSR was dissolute. The hetman Paul Skoropadskiy came power to.

The domestic policy of hetman was characterized by the following:

·Ukrainian Folk Republic was regenerate in the Ukrainian State at the head with a hetman.

·The organs of local self-government were liquidated.

·It was forbidden to let out the newspapers of socialistic direction.

·Elections in parliament were put aside to stabilization of situation.

·The squire landownership was saved. Squires created «punitive detachments» which tightened from peasants the indemnification for the inflicted harm.

·The money-banking system is created.

·A 9-12-chasoviy working day was entered.

·Rights for trade unions were limited. For participation the punishments were entered in strikes.

·An army began to be formed.