Історія України - методичка

·There is development of handicraft in specific principalities, trade, getting up of agriculture, bloom of cities.

·Large princely brigades for the guard of destinies and suppression of appearances of subject population are created. Military independence of principalities from Kiev is formed.

·As a result of domination of natural economy territorial and economic communications between earths were weak. All necessity was made into feudal patrimonies.

4. History value of the drevnekievskogo state.

Kiev Russia was the first form of the Ukrainian state system. It was one of the most large and mighty states of medieval Europe. During 5 centuries of the existence it is substantial affected development of European civilization. Being on territory of East Europe, Kiev Russia put right scalene communications with Byzantium, south slavs, countries of Western Europe and Arabic the East.

Important trade-routes which linked the Baltic sea to Black and Kiev with South Germany passed through territory of Kiev Russia. Thanks to it Kiev Russia grew into the shopping center of Europe economic and.

The Old Russian state acted also considerable part in the political life of that time. Numerous dynastic marriages of the Russian princes testify to it. Kiev Russia was the spiritual center of medieval Europe also. The prominent monuments of literature, architecture, fine art, handwritten book were here created.

Military power of Kiev Russia restrained during centuries the invasion of nomads – pechenegov and polovtsev. She became an original shield for defence of people of Central and Western Europe from the mongolian invasion.

Traditions of the Kiev state affected further political, economic and cultural development of eastslavonic people (Ukrainians Russian, byelorussians) and were instrumental in development of their state system.

Questions for the control of knowledges:

1.Name the periods of political history of Russia.

2.What is absence of the centralized power in Kiev Russia explained by?

3.Describe socio-economic processes in Kiev Russia.

4.Than to account for the necessity of acceptance of christianity and in what his value for Russia?

5.Are the reasons of disintegration of Kiev Russia which?

Literature:

1.History of Ukrainian SSR in 10 – ti volumes. – TO., 1985.

2.History of Ukrainian SSR in 2 – h volumes. Short essay. – TO., 1982.

3.M Grushevskiy . S. Ocherk histories of the Ukrainian people. – TO., 1990.

4.Efimenko And. P. Istoriya Ukrainian people. – TO., 1990.

5.Orest subtelniy. Ukraine. History. – TO., 1993

6.N. Stavitskaya p.. History Of Ukraine. – the Methodical manual for the students of foreigners., Poltava, 1999.

Theme 3

Origin of the cossacks and Zaporozhian Sechi "XV – first floor. XVII st."

"2 hours"

Plan.

1.Socio-economic and political pre-conditions of origin of the cossacks.

2.Zaporozhian Cut. Military-administrative device. Economy.

3.Fight of the cossacks against turk and tatars.

4.Register and no register cossacks.

5.Cossack-peasant wars against the Polish magnates.

1. Socio-economic and political pre-conditions of origin of the cossacks.

The first writing mention of word «cossack» belongs by the end of a 15 age. In translation with tyurkskogo it designates the «free armed man». Ukrainian the cossacks arose up in time hard for the Ukrainian people, when Ukraine lost the state system, and its earths took a few states which often quarreled between itself.

Ukrainian earths were on a border between two worlds: European (farmer, christian) and asiatic (nomadic, moslem). In the Prichernomorskih steppes of South of Ukraine dominated tatari. Ukrainian earths suffered from their

permanent devastating raids. The Polish-lithuanian state under power of which there were these earths was unable to protect them.

Turning out in the circumstances which threatened to existence of Ukrainians as separate people, the habitants of border-line territories(kievshini, Bratslavshini) were forced to master a military profession.

Also numerous fugitives from different regions of Ukraine became cossacks, where bends the landed interests and city apex was most heavy. Distribution of corvee and introduction of serfdom compelled the Ukrainian peasants and city the poor to mass escapes. The heavy terms of border-line life seemed to the fugitives by a less evil, than loss of own freedom. A religious and national burden was instrumental in the same.

On new earths well-to-do people and peasants with the purpose of their economic mastering left also. Colonization of Paul was the consequence of economic activity of cossacks, expansion of vital space of the Ukrainian people, which took place peacefully, without the conquests of stranger territories.

2. Zaporozhian Cut. Military-administrative device. Economy.

The first settlements of cossacks were named sechami. On Dnepr, after thresholds a military fortress was gradually created – Zaporozhian Cut. The earths inhabited by cossacks united round her and is gradual all territory which were controlled by cossacks began to be named Zaporozhian Cut. Zaporozhian Cut was an original «kazacheskoy republic» She differs widely from other states of that time. In place of feudal compulsion, which was based on enslaving and forced labor, principles of wage labour became firmly established in her. On the internal device the cossack state was original military association.

Power in Zaporozhian Cut belonged to Sechevomu (Military) advice. Right every zaporozhian cossack had voice. Advice managed all important matters of Sechi: pursued an internal and external policy, declared war and signed a world, accepted and sent embassies, held a court. On advice elected a cossack government – Kosh – military petty officer.

Higher military-administrative and judicial power on Cut belonged to the ataman. During soldiery hikes the power of koshevogo was unlimited. But in a peace-time he could not make important decisions without the consent of Military advice. From 17 in. atamans are named getmans.

A cossack army was named kosh. It divided by kurens.

Cossacks on the Zaporozhian cut had a right: to take part in collectionsadvices; to offer suggestions, remarks; to elect a getman and petty officer. In the duty of cossacks entered: to execute the decisions of advice; to take part in soldiery hikes; to be on duty on the guard of Sechi. Exactly these lines allow to characterize Zaporozhian Cut as state-republic.

On Zaporozhian Cut the cossacks developed the economy. Were their above all employments the agriculture, truck farming, gardening, different handicrafts. Every cossack was usually and merchant, because sold and exchanged not only produced by him but also soldiery trophies.

Questions for the control of knowledges:

1.Are pre-conditions of origin of the cossacks which? His composition, territory of settling apart and value.

2.Name the signs of democratic of power in Zaporozhian Cut.

3.Are the projects of Polish kings which for the reestratsii Ukrainian cossacks and did they come true?

Literature:

1.History of Ukrainian SSR in 10 – ti volumes. – TO., 1985.

2.History of Ukrainian SSR in 2 – h volumes. Short essay. – TO., 1982.

3.M Grushevskiy . S. Ocherk histories of the Ukrainian people. – TO., 1990.

4.Golobutskiy In. A. Zaporogskoe the cossacks. – TO., 1957.

5.Gordeev And. A. Istoriya cossacks. ch I – M., 1992.

6.Efimenko And. P. Istoriya Ukrainian people. – TO., 1990.

7.Yavornitskiy D. I. Istoriya zaporozhian cossacks. In 3 volumes – Lvov, is winded, 1990

8.Orest subtelniy. Ukraine. History. – TO., 1993

9.N. Stavitskaya p.. History Of Ukraine. – the Methodical manual for the students of foreigners., Poltava, 1999.

Theme 4

Liberation war of the Ukrainian people 1648 – 1654 g.g. Formation of the Ukrainian state.

"4 hours"

Plan.

1.Reasons, character and motive forces of national liberation war 1648 – 1654 g.g.

2.Division into periods, description of stages.

3.Liquidation of the polsko-shlyahetskogo mode. Organization of the state.

4.Foreign policy of the cossack state. Agreement with Moscow. Pereyaslavskoe agreement. March articles.

5.Fight for saving of independence of Ukraine. Section of Ukraine on Leftbank and Right-bank.

6.Autonomy of Ukraine in composition the Russian state.

7.Ukrainian policy of tsarizma. Liquidation of Getmanshini and Zaporozhian Sechi. Legal registration of serfdom.

8.Culture of Ukraine XV – the XIV item Valuevskiy and Emskiy decrees.

1. Reasons, character and motive forces of national liberation war of 1648-1654

In 1648-1654 the Ukrainian people under the B.Hmelnitskogo leadership waged national liberation war against foreign domination, for creation of the own state.

Reasons of national liberation war:

·Strengthening of feodalno-krepostnicheskogo burden (5-daily corvee, growth of various duties of peasants, extortions of tenants).

·Intensification of religious and national contradictions (pritisneniya orthodox church, national rights for the Ukrainian people; violations of royal guarantees of Ukrainians by a gentry and magnates).

·Offensive of Polish authorities on rights and liberties of the cossacks (violation of rights for register and no register cossacks).

Character of war:

·National liberation, as a fight against a foreign burden was conducted, for creation of the own state.

·antifeodalnaya, as a bulk of participants of war argued against strengthening of feudal burden.

Motive forces:

·Peasantry.

·Zaporozhian the cossacks.

·Register the cossacks and cossack petty officer.

·Shallow Ukrainian gentry.

·Orthodox clergy

·Ukrainian petty bourgeois.

2. Division into periods, description of stages.

During national liberation war of the Ukrainian people of 1648-1654 it is possible to select a few stages:

1. 1648-1649

In January, 1648 the revolt of cossacks rose on Zaporozhian Cut. The leader of the B.Hmelnitskiy revolt was select by the hetman of Army Zaporozhian.

On May, 5-6, 1648 a cossack army dashed the Polish army in a battle under Yellow Waters, and on May, 16, 1648 in a battle under Korsunem. The peasant revolts overcame Kievshinu, Podole, Volin, Left-bank Ukraine.

On September, 8-13, 1648 cossacks won over the Polish army in a battle under Pilyavtsami.

In December, 1648 cossacks got back on Kievshinu ( in connection with difficulties in deliveries and epidemic of plague).

In July-August, 1649 cossack troops conducted successful actions against the Polish army under Zbaragem and Zborovim. The Zborovskoe agreement on which power of hetman spread on Kiev was signed, Bratslavskoe, Chernigovskoe provinces; the quantity of register cossacks made a 40 thousand of brows.; for higher positions the orthodox Ukrainian gentries were assigned; for consideration of seym a question about liquidation of Brestskoy unii of 1596 was passed

2. 1650-1651

In February-March, 1650 the cossacks displeased at the conditions of the Zborovskogo agreement heaved up the revolt against B.Hmelnitskogo. It was low-spirited.

In August, 1650 the B.Hmelnitskogo army and crimean khan accomplished a hike in Moldavia. A moldavian ruler gave up an union with Poland and entered into with Ukraine.

In February, 1651 Poland violated the Zborovskiy peaceful agreement and began battle actions.

On June, 18-30, 1651 a battle under Berestechkom took place. Cossacks lost the battle, turning out surrounded from treachery of allies – crimean tatars. A crimean khan took in the B.Hmelnitskogo captivity.

In July, 1651 the Polish army took Kiev. A city was broke.

The Belotserkovskiy agreement the terms of which were unprofitable for Ukraine was signed in September, 1651: power of hetman was saved in the Kiev province only; a hetman must submit to the Polish government and could not independently conduct the international relations; the earths lost during the revolt came back to the gentry; a register grew short a to 20 thousand of brows.

3. 1652-1654

In May, 1652 cossacks won over the Polish army under Rod. Almost all territory of Ukraine was exempt from the Polish invaders. A belotserkovskiy agreement lost force.

In October, 1653 under Gvantsem cossacks surrounded the Polish army, but to obtain deciding victory were not able.

During 1649-1653 the representatives of hetman negotiated with the Moscow state about support in war with Poland. B.Hmelnitskiy, which saw a permanent threat in catholic Poland, agreed to including of Ukraine in the complement of the orthodox Moscow state on principles of autonomy. From Moscow on Ukraine the special embassy arrived for signing of agreement. His head – boyarin Buturlin – conducted with Hmelnitskim negotiations in Pereyaslave.

On January, 8, 1654 on folk collection the decision about association of Ukraine with Russia was accepted. This decision got the name of the Pereyaslavskogo agreement. Immediately after signing of agreement with Ukraine Russia declared war to Poland.

3. Liquidation of the polsko-shlyahetskogo mode. Organization of the state.

In the national liberation war-time under the B.Hmelnitskogo leadership on exempt from power of Poland earths of beginning to be created the Ukrainian state system.

General advice became the higher legislative body of the state – general advice of all army. The value of General advice so diminished in course of time, that in general it was left off to collect him . The role of General advice passed to petty Officer advice which consisted of colonels and general petty officer. Petty officer advice examined all questions of international policy, including questions of world and war, asserted city privileges and capital punishments.

Executive and judicial power belonged to the hetman. He drummed up General and petty Officer advice, published universali, took part in the legal proceeding, was engaged in the financial system, in decision of advice began war, conducted peaceful negotiations, managed the diplomatic relationships with other states, was the commander-in-chief of military powers.

To manage all matters of internal management and foreign policy to the hetman a government helped – general petty officer. Were its member: general clerk, a line, two esaula, two judges.

Territory of the cossack state on the conditions of the Zborovskogo agreement consisted of earths of Kiev, Bratslavskogo and Chernigovskogo provinces. Chigirin became a capital and hetman residence.

All territory of the Ukrainian state was divided on shelves. In 1649 them was 16.

Every regiment was headed by a colonel which elected on regimental advice or a hetman appointed. A colonel was responsible for execution of hetman universalov, disposed of all landed fund of regiment, determined the duties of peasants and townspeople before a regimental petty officer and army, managed collection of rent, taxes, duties.

On regimental advice a regimental petty officer was elected: clerk, a line, judge, esaul, horungiy.

Shelves divided by the hundred. Military-administrative power on territory of the hundred was carried out by sotniki and sotennaya petty officer.

The hundred divided by kurens. Administrative functions in them were carried out by elective atamans.

By cities which had a magdeburgskoe right, city councils led.

In the cossack state directly B.Hmelnitskiy managed money businesses. All earth, agricultural trades and pay for their lease, auction collections and taxes, made military goods and chattels.

The judicial system operated in the cossack state. She consisted of the General court, regimental and sotennih courts.

The social structure of society changed with forming of the Ukrainian cossack state. Layers of population by which power belonged in Speech of Pospolitoy – the Polish magnates, catholic gentry, catholic clergy – abandoned Ukraine. Power and basic riches were concentrated in the hands of cossack petty officer.

The personal freedom of absolute most peasants and townspeople, which, except for all other, could freely enter into a cossack estate, was the considerable conquest of the cossack state.

4. Ukrainian policy of tsarizma. Liquidation of Getmanshini and Zaporozhian Sechi. Legal registration of serfdom.

As a result of signing of the Pereyaslavskogo agreement Ukraine entered in the complement of the Moscow state on rights for an autonomy. In the second half of a 17 item, after signing of row of agreements between Russia and Poland, Ukrainian earths were parted between these states. The fate of Ukraine was decided without its participation.