- •Материалы для семинарских занятий
- •Obligatory Tasks and Exercises:
- •3. Read the following extract and define the differences between phonetics and phonology.
- •Obligatory Tasks and Exercises:
- •1. Say whether these statements are True or False:
- •2. Fill in the blanks with suitable terms or definitions:
- •Obligatory Tasks and Exercises:
- •1. Say whether these statements are True or False:
- •Obligatory Tasks and Exercises:
- •2. Establish the syllabic boundaries in the following group of words:
- •4. Comment on the difference in syllable division of the given English and Russian words. What articulatory vowel feature determines the syllable division in English?
- •5. Study the following oppositions. Detect the realization of the phonological function of syllable division.
- •Obligatory Tasks and Exercises:
- •1. Read the following extracts. Comment on each phonetic conception of word-accent concerned with its acoustic nature, degree, position and linguistic function in English and in Russian.
- •2. Choose between the variants: a or b
- •3.Fill in the gaps in the table: types of word-stress
- •4. Fill in the gaps in the table: accentuation tendencies in English
- •Obligatory Tasks and Exercises
- •1. Read the following extracts. Comment on each conception of intonation.
- •2. Restore the hierarchy of prosodic units
- •3. Fill in the gaps in the table: functional aspect of prosody
- •Obligatory Tasks and Exercises
- •1. Compare the following approaches to the problems of:
Obligatory Tasks and Exercises:
1. Say whether these statements are True or False:
Vowels are speech sounds in the articulation of which there is no obstruction, the muscular tension is evenly spread through the speech organs, the air stream is strong and they are based on voice.
Consonants are speech sounds in the articulation of which there is an obstruction, the muscular tension is concentrated at the place of obstruction, the air stream is strong and they are mostly based on noise.
Sonants are speech sounds in the articulation of which there is no obstruction, the air stream is weak and they are based on voice.
Sonants like consonants are always non-syllabic.
[ m , n, l, w, r] are all English sonants.
2. Fill in the blanks with suitable terms or definitions:
We single out two main classes of sounds in English, they are (1) … and (2) … . Vowels are speech sounds in the articulation of which (3) … . Consonants are speech sounds in the articulation of which (4) … . (5) … occupy an intermediate position because(6) … .
Billions of sounds exist in real communication. Phoneticians have established a limited number of sound types in a language. These abstract sound types are called (7) …, they may be defined as (8) … . Their speech variants or (9) … may be defined as (10) … . The phoneme is a dialectal unity of the following aspects (11) …, (12) …, (13) … .
Living languages exist in constant changing or (14) …, that may be looked upon as (15) … or as (16) … . The reasons for phonetic variation are (17) …, (18) …, (19) …, (20) … . The main types of phonetic variation are (21) …, (22) …, (23) …, (24) … . Allophonic modifications are the following (25)…, (26) …, (27)… .
Seminar 3.
Task 1. Imagine that you are the participants of a philological conference. Team up into 3 groups (5-7 people). Choose from the list below one problem for discussion (one group is responsible for one problem only, problems mustn’t be repeated in groups). Make use of the material of the lecture and additional material (obligatorily!!!!!!!!!):
1. The phoneme theory & different views of it. Explain the correlation between the phoneme and its set of actual speech sounds. Illustrate it by examples. Can you prove that the phoneme is a unity of three aspects: material, abstract and functional? Why none of them can be ignored?
2. Comment on the phenomenon of variation in a language system, types of variation. Give a brief overview of allophonic modifications of sounds.
3. Survey the problems of phonological analysis. Explain what methods are applied, discuss the problematic & controversial points in the process of establishing the phonemic inventory of English. Explain the difference between distinctive and non-distinctive articulatory attributes of the phoneme.
Prepare the presentation of a problem, distribute the roles in a group in the following way:
a) SPEAKER (making use of the lecture material, additional material, Internet resourses presents a 4-5 minute report on a chosen problem);
b) ASSISTANT-SPEAKER (making use of the lecture material, additional material, Internet resourses adds a SPEAKER’s report on a chosen problem, 2 minutes);
c) GROUP MEMBER (every member of the group, except a speaker and an assistant-speaker, prepares one question beforehand and addresses the question either to a speaker or to an assistant-speaker);
d) COUNTERSPEAKER (beforehand prepares 3-5 questions on the information presented by the speaker and an assistant-speaker and addresses them to the members of the other groups, assesses the answers, puts down the marks, passes the list with the surnames and marks to a teacher).
Thus, in the end of the seminar every student gets a mark for activeness-passiveness at the seminar.
Literature
Боисова, Л.В., Метлюк, А.А. Теоретическая фонетика английского языка: учеб.пособие для ин-тов и фак. иностр.яз./ Л.В. Борисова, А.А. Метлюк. – Минск: «Вышэйшая школа», 1980. – С. 17 - 47
Васильев, В.А. Фонетика английского языка. Нормативный курс: учебник для ин-тов и фак. иностр.яз./ В. А. Васильев [и др.] – 2-е изд.перераб. - М.: Высшая школа, 1980. - С.71 – 120, 134 - 182
Соколова, М.А. Теоретическая фонетика английского языка. Практикум: учеб.пособие / М.А. Соколова, И.А.Афонская, Л.Б.Ковалева [и др.] – М.: «Профобразование»,2001. – С. 21 -79
Key terms: a phoneme, an allophone, variation, idiolectal variation, allophonic variation, diaphonic variation, individual variation, assimilation, accommodation, reduction, the distributional method of phonological analysis, the semantic method of phonological analysis, a minimal pair, a phonological opposition, phonologically relevant (distinctive) features, phonologically irrelevant (non-distinctive) features.