ICCROM_05_HistoryofConservation00_en

Verdier, P., ‘Le Service des Monuments historiques, son histoire, organisation, administration, législation (1830-1934)’, Congrés Archéologique de France, Paris 1934, I, 137ff.

Viollet-le-Duc, Exchibition catalogue, Monuments Historiques de la France, I-II, 1965.

l’Interieur sur la conservation des Monuments Historiques de France’ (1831; 4.Bz, 787, A.M.H.), Exposition Universelle de Vienne,

von Quast, F., ‘Gernrode’, Zeitschrift für Bauwesen, XVI, 1866, 310.

von Quast, F., ‘Pro-Memoria in Bezug auf die Erhaltung der Altertümer in den Königlichen Landen’ (1837), Deutsche Kunst und Denkmalpflege, 1977, 132ff.

von Schenkendorff, F.M., ‘Ein Beispiel von der Zerstörung in Preuáen’, Der Freimüthige, Berlinische Zeitung für gebildete, unbefangene Leser, CXXXVI, 26 August 1803.

von Simson, J., ‘Friderico Secundo Patria, Antikenrezeption in den Entwürfen zum Denkmal Friedrichs des Grossen in Berlin’, Berlin und die Antike, Aufsätze, Berlin 1979, 379ff.

aus den stenografischen Gerichten des Tages für Denkmalpflege, ed. A. von Oechelhaeuser, Leipzig 1910-1913, 95ff.

Wolff, A., ‘Die Baugeschichte des Kölner Domes im 19. Jahrhundert’, Der Kölner Dom im Jahrhundert seiner Vollendung, Köln 1980, 24ff.

Zevi, B., ‘Santa Maria degli Angeli’, Portoghesi, P., Zevi, B., Michelangelo Architetto, Einaudi 1964, 761ff.

Zimmermann, K., ‘Vorgeschichte und Anfänge der Dresdener Skulpturensammlung’, Die Dresdener Antiken und Winckelmann, Schriften der Winckelmann-Gesellschaft, IV, Berlin 1977, 45ff.

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Title pages:

Introduction: Andrea Mantegna (1431-1506), ‘Camera degli sposi’, Ducal Palace, Mantua, (Detail of painting).

Chapter Eight: Medal for the restoration of the Colosseum, 1807, Abbé Uggeri, Supplement aux Journées Pittoresques des Edifices de Rome Antique, I (Title Page).

Chapter Nine: Temple of Athena Nike, drawing of the elevation, Ross, Schaubert, Hansen, DieAkropolis von Athen..., Berlin 1839.

Chapter Ten: Drawing by S.H. Grimm (1734-94), ‘East View of Durham Cathedral from St. Oswald’s Churchyard. (Print 507-g, Dean and Chapter Library, Durham; Original in British Museum)

Chapter Eleven: M.S.: King Friedrich Wilhelm to von Klewitz, 1 November 1827, on Magdeburg Cathedral repairs (Magdeburg Archive, BI 145, Rep C20 II Nr 44 II)

Chapter Twelve: Eugène Viollet-le-Duc, Details of the West Front of the Madeleine, Vézelay, France (Neuilly, Fonds Viollet-le-Duc).

Text Illustrations:

1.Marten van Heemskerck (1498-1574), The Forum Romanum.

2.Marten van Heemskerck, The Colosseum with architectural remains.

3.G.A. Dosio, The Arch of Septimius Severus, Rome, showing the excavation of 1563 by order of Pius IV to survey the monument in its full height. (Gabinetto dei Disegni e delle Stampe, Uffizi, Florence, 2521/A)

4.S. Maria Novella, Florence, Main elevation by L.B. Alberti. (JJ)

5.Alberti, L.B., De re aedificatoria, c.491r, X, Reggio Emilia, Biblioteca Municipale. (Borsi, Alberti, 337)

6.Leonardo da Vinci, Codice Foster, vol. II 2, South Kensington Museum, London (1496), 92 r. (Scritti Rinascimentali, Tav.XI)

7.Leonardo da Vinci, Codice Atlantico, Biblioteca Ambrosiana, Milano (1480-1518), 310 r.-b. (Scritti Rinascimentali, Tav. L)

8.The Great Temple of Abou Simbel, Egypt.

9.The Acropolis, Athens, the north wall (c. 1900), (Institut für Denkmalpflege, Berlin-DDR).

10.The cathedral of Magdeburg, DDR: antique columns in the choir (JJ).

11.Marten van Heemskerck, the temple of Minerva in the Forum of Nerva, Rome, in the sixteenth century.

12.The Arch of Septimius Severus, Rome, with remains of Mediaeval structures. Drawing by Matheijs Bril (1550-83). (Paris, Musée du Louvre, Cabinet des dessins; Il paesaggio nel disegno del cinquecento europeo, op.cit., 167)

13.Andrea Mantegna, ‘Camera degli sposi’, detail, Mantua, the Ducal Palace (Courtesy of Prof. Paolo and Laura Mora).

14.Etienne Dupérac, Mausoleum of Augustus

(1577).

15.Marten van Heemskerck, St. Peter’s, Rome, under construction.

16.St. Peter’s, Rome, showing the Renaissance project. (Heydenreich-Lotz, Architecture in Italy 1400-1600)

17.Francesco di Giorgio Martini, MS Codice Torinese Saluzziano f.84.

18.S. Stefano Rotondo, Rome (Borsi, Alberti, op.cit. 43).

19.S. Stefano Rotondo, Rome. (JJ)

20.S. Marco, Rome, the interior. (JJ)

21.Nicolas Beatrizet for Lafrery, ‘Dioscuri’, Rome, c. 1550 (Gabinetto Nazionale delle Stampe, Rome, F.N. 22204.

22.One of the statues of the ‘Dioscuri’, the Capitol, Rome. (JJ)

23.Marten van Heemskerck, the garden of the Casa

Ceni.

24.Hieronymus Cock, ‘The Collection of Cardinal della Valle’. (Gabinetto Nazionale delle Stampe, F.C. 71267; Disegni dall’antico, op.cit.)

25.Villa Medici, Rome, the courtyard elevation.

(JJ)

26.M. Dente, ‘Laocoon before restoration’ (16th Century), Gabinetto Nazionale delle Stampe, Rome.

27.‘Laocoon’, According to restoration by G. Montorsoli, Museo Pio-Clementino, the Vatican.

28.‘Laocoon’, After the restoration of 1960 with the arm of Pollak; Museo Pio-Clementino, the Vatican.

29.Andrea Palladio (?), ‘TheArch of Titus, Rome’, Vicenza, Museo Civico (D.10v).

30.Sebastiano Serlio, Il settimo libro d’architettura, Venetia 1584, 101. Proposal for the reuse antique ornaments.

31.Serlio, ibid, 157. Eighth proposal for the restoration of old buildings.

32.Serlio, ibid, 171. Thirteenth proposal for the restoration of old buildings.

33.Division of Rome into regions, Calvus, M. Fabius, Antiquae Vrbis Romae cum regiunibus simulachrum, 1527.

34.‘Via Fori Romani’, Calvus, ibid.

35.The Arch of Constantine, Rome, Mazochius, I., Epigrammata antiquae urbis, 1521.

36.Measured drawings from St. Paul’s and the Colosseum by Fra’Gioconda. (Gabinetto dei Disegni, Uffizi, Florence, U.A.2050r)

37.M. van Heemskerck, ‘Il Septizodium’ (Paris, Musée du Louvre, Cabinet des Dessins).

38.G.A. Dosio, The entrance to the Thermae of Diocletian, Rome (‘Libro delle Antichit…’, Uffizi, Florence, 2548/A).

39.The Thermae of Diocletian, Rome, the plan, S. Serlio, The third Booke of Architecture, 1611.

40.S. Maria degli Angeli, the plan with the constructions by Michelangelo (Siebenhünes and Ackermann, in Michelangelo, Architettura, Pittura, Scultura, Milano 1964).

41.S. Maria degli Angeli in the 18th century, G. Vasi, Delle magnificenze di Roma antica e moderna, II.

42.The Column of Marcus Aurelius and the Vatican Obelisk; engraving by Enea Vico c. 1540 (C. D’Onofrio, Gli obelischi di Roma, 1967)

43.Transportation of the Vatican Obelisk (Engraving by Guerra, Bonifacio, Fontana).

53.The Pantheon, the interior, plan for the redecoration by G. Bernini (Biblioteca Vaticana, Chigi P VII 9 f.110).

54.The Pantheon, early 17th century. (Biblioteca Nazionale, Rome)

55.The Pantheon after the seventeenth-century restorations. (Biblioteca Nazionale, Rome)

56.The Pantheon. (JJ)

57.The Pantheon, detail of the portico restored by Bernini. (JJ)

58.S. Croce, Florence, before restoration by Vasari. (Hall, M.B., Renovation and Counter-Reformation, 1979)

59.S. Croce after restoration by Vasari. (Ibid.)

60.Old St. Paul’s, London. Engraving by W. Hollar (1656).

61.Beverley Minster, north transept. Drawing by N. Hawksmoor. (Courtesy D. Linstrum)

62.Westminster Abbey, London, West Front. Engraving by W. Hollar (1655).

63.Westminster Abbey, West Front. (JJ)

72.Framed fragments of frescoes from Pompeii. Museo Nazionale, Naples. (JJ)

73.Herculaneum. (JJ)

74.The Colosseum, Rome. Engraving by G. Piranesi.

75.Antique remains at Selinunte. Engraving by P. Hackert (1777-78)

76.Woodstock Manor, Blenheim, Oxfordshire. Drawing of 1714. (Hunt, Willis, The Genius of the Place, London 1979)

77.Fountains Abbey. (JJ)

78.C. Fontana, proposal for a church in the Colosseum, elevation and plan. (Fontana, C., L’Anfiteatro Flavio descritto e delineato, Haia 1725)

79.C.W. Eckersberg (1783-1853), the Colosseum (1815). (Copenhagen)

80.The Arch of Constantine, Rome, head of a prisoner. (JJ)

81.The Arch of Constantine, Rome. (JJ)

82.The Obelisk of Montecitorio, Rome. (JJ)

83.Excavation of the obelisk of Montecitorio. (Zabaglia-Renazzi, Castelli e Ponti, Roma 1824)

84.Vauzelle, Musée des Monuments Français, The Room of the 13th century. (Le Gothique retrouvé, Paris 1979)

85.The Arch of Septimius Severus, Forum Romanum (1822). Engraving by L. Rossini.

86.The Arch of Septimius Severus, Forum Romanum, the plan with the retaining wall. (Abbé Uggeri, Supplément aux journées pittoresques)

100.The Garden of the Capitol, Rome. (Drawings collection, Palazzo Braschi, Rome)

101.Plan for the presentation of the area around Trajan’s Column, Rome (1813). (Drawings collection, Palazzo Braschi, Rome)

102.A-J-M. Guénepin, The Arch of Titus, Rome (1810). (Roma Antiqua, Rome 1985)

103.A-J-M. Guénepin, The Arch of Titus, elevation restored. (Roma Antiqua, Rome 1985)

104.G. Valadier, The Arch of Titus, Rome, plan

Wittel.

88.The Colosseum. Proposal for the restoration of the east wall. (Archivio Nazionale dello Stato, Rome, Cam. II, AeBA bu 7, f.207)

89.The Colosseum. Accepted proposal for the consolidation of the east wall. (Abbé Uggeri, Supplément aux journées pittoresques)

90.The Colosseum. Restoration of the east wall. (Library of Istituto Nazionale di Archeologia e Storia dell’Arte, Rome, XI 1 I 49)

91.The Colosseum. Brick buttress of the east wall.

(JJ)

92.The Colosseum. Brick buttress of the east wall, detail. (JJ)

93.L. Piranesi, The Round Temple in the Forum Boarium, Rome.

94.The Temple of Vespasian and Titus, Forum Romanum, Rome. Dismantling of the architrave 1810-11. (Istituto Nazionale di Archeologia e Storia dell’Arte, Rome, XI 6 II 15)

95.A-N. Normand, The Forum Romanum, the area of the Arch of Septimius Severus (1850). (Roma Antiqua, Rome 1985)

96.The Forum Romanum in 1818. Unknown artist. (Robels, Sehnsucht nach Italien, 1974.

97.The Temple of Vespasian, Forum Romanum, the architrave. (JJ)

98.G. Valadier, plan for a market in Piazza S. Marco, Rome. (Marconi, Cipriani, Valeriani, I disegni di architettura dell’archivio storico dell’Accademia di San Luca, Roma 1974)

99.Plan for a Piazza around the Pantheon, Rome. (Drawings collection, Palazzo Braschi, Rome)

dell’operato, 1822)

105.G. Valadier, TheArch of Titus, Rome, elevation toward the Forum Romanum. (Ibid.)

106.G. Valadier, The Arch of Titus, proposed restoration of the elevation toward the Colosseum. (Archivio Nazionale, Rome)

107.The Arch of Trajan, Ancona. G. Piranesi, Alcune vedute di archi trionfali ed altri monumenti. 1748)

108.The Arch of Titus, Rome, detail. (JJ)

109.The Arch of Titus, Rome. Engraving by L. Rossini. (Drawings collection, Palazzo Braschi, Rome)

110.The Arch of Titus, Rome. Engraving by L. Rossini. (Drawings collection, Palazzo Braschi, Rome)

111.The Colosseum, Rome. G. Valadier, proposal for fences in the arches. (Istituto Nazionale di Archeologia e Storia dell’Arte, Rome, XI 100 II 40)

112.The Colosseum, timber shoring for the west wall. (G. Valadier, Raccolta delle principali vedute)

113.The Colosseum, west wall. (JJ)

114.The Colosseum, south wall before restoration. (J.M.W. Turner, watercolour, 1820; Wilton, Turner Abroad)

115.The Colosseum, south wall, detail of the restoration by L. Canina. (JJ)

116.The Acropolis, Athens. Dodwell, E., A Classical and Topographical Tour through Greece, 1819.

117.Peter von Heá: The Reception of King Otto in Athens 1835. (München, Bayerische

128.The Parthenon, restoration of the front. A. Paccard: Envoi de 1845-1846, l’Ecole des BeauxArts, Paris.

129.The Parthenon, north elevation. A. Paccard: Envoi de 1845-1846, l’Ecole des Beaux-Arts, Paris.

130.The Parthenon, c.1900. (Institut für Denkmalpflege, Berlin DDR)

131.The Parthenon, the interior c.1900. (Institut für Denkmalpflege, Berlin DDR)

132.The Acropolis c.1900. (Institut für Denkmalpflege, Berlin DDR)

133.The Erechtheion, a block of marble restored by N. Balanos. (JJ)

134.The Propylaea under restoration, early 1900s. (Institut für Denkmalpflege, Berlin DDR)

135.The Temple of Athena Nike in 1984. (JJ)

the Dean and Chapter Library)

144.James Wyatt, Plans for Durham Cathedral (N.3) 1795, the floor plan. (Durham, the Dean and Chapter Library)

145.James Wyatt, Plans for Durham Cathedral (N.1) 1795, ‘ANorth West view of Durham Cathedral shewing the intended Lanthorn and Spire designed by James Wyatt’. (Durham, the Dean and Chapter Library)

146.James Wyatt, Plans for Durham Cathedral (N.5) 1795, ‘Elevation of the intended Lanthorn & Spire’. (Durham, the Dean and Chapter Library)

147.James Wyatt, Plans for Durham Cathedral (N.9) 1795, ‘Elevation of the Organ Sreen towards the Nave’. (Durham, the Dean and Chapter Library)

148.East end of Durham Cathedral. W. Hutchinson, History and Antiquities of the County Palatine of Durham, II 1787.

149.Durham Cathedral, the East End. (JJ)

179.Magdeburg Cathedral, the Lead Tower: the old form and the proposed restoration. (Magdeburg Staatsarchiv, Rep C20II Nr 45 BI 117 a)

180.Magdeburg Cathedral, the east elevation, proposed restoration. (Clemens, Mellin, Rosenthal, Der Dom zu Magdeburg. Institut für Denkmalpflege, Arbeitstelle Halle, Platte 13/18 Nr.29756)

181.Magdeburg Cathedral, the east elevation after restoration. (JJ)

182.Magdeburg Cathedral, aisle gables, proposed restoration. (Clemens, Mellin, Rosenthal, Der Dom zu Magdeburg. Institut für Denkmalpflege, Arbeitstelle Halle, Platte 13/18 Nr.29760)

183.Magdeburg Cathedral, south aisle gables after restoration. (JJ)

184.Magdeburg Cathedral, the choir, proposed restoration. (Clemens, Mellin, Rosenthal, Der Dom zu Magdeburg. Institut für Denkmalpflege, Arbeitstelle Halle, Platte 13/18 Nr.29758)

185.MagdeburgCathedral,thesouthtower. Drawing indicating damages. (Magdeburg Staatsarchiv, BI221 RepC20II Nr44II)

186.Magdeburg Cathedral, the main towers. (JJ)

187.The Madeleine, Vézelay, the west elevation. Measured drawing before restoration by E. Viollet- le-Duc, 1840. (Paris, Centre de Recherche des Monuments historiques, Palais de Chaillot)

188.The Madeleine, Vézelay, the west elevation after restoration. (JJ)

189.The Madeleine, Vézelay, the porch before restoration. Pencil drawing by Viollet-le-Duc. (Paris, Fonds Viollet-le-Duc; Auzas, Viollet-le-Duc 18141879)

190.The Madeleine, Vézelay, Section of the porch. Drawing by E. Viollet-le-Duc, 1840. (Paris, Centre de Recherche des Monuments historiques)

191.The Madeleine, Vézelay, section of the nave after and before restoration. Drawing by E. Viollet- le-Duc, 1840. (Paris, Centre de Recherche des Monuments historiques)

192.The Madeleine, Vézelay, the north elevation before and after restoration, a detail. Drawing by E. Viollet-le-Duc, 1840. (Paris, Centre de Recherche des Monuments historiques)

193.The Madeleine, Vézelay, the choir after restoration.

194.The Madeleine, Vézelay, a photogrammetric recording of the vaults that were not rebuilt by Viollet- le-Duc. (Paris, Institut Géographique National)

195.The Madeleine, Vézelay, a photogrammetric section of the vaults that were not rebuilt by Viollet- le-Duc. (Paris, Institut Géographique National)

196.The Madeleine, the interior after restoration.

197.The Madeleine, the transept tower after restoration. (JJ)

198.The Madeleine, the south elevation after restoration. (JJ)

199.The Madeleine, original statues from the west front deposited by Viollet-le-Duc; today in exhibition. (JJ)

200.The Madeleine, original capital from the west front deposited by Viollet-le-Duc. (JJ)

201.The Madeleine, the west front; restored capital.

(JJ)

202.The Madeleine, the south entrance with decoration designed by

Viollet-le-Duc. (JJ)

203.The Madeleine, detail of an original decoration in the west front. (JJ)

204.The Arena of Nîmes at the end of the 18th century. Engraving by Cornelis Apostool (1794). (Nîmes, Musée du Vieux-Nîmes)

205.The Arena of Nîmes in 1809. Measured drawing by Architect Grangent showing mediaeval houses still standing as well as those already demolished. (Nîmes, Musée du Vieux-Nîmes)

206.La Maison Carrée, Nîmes. (JJ)

207.The triumphal arch of Orange. (JJ)

208.Ely Cathedral before 1863 with the octagon designed by J.Essex. (Cobb, English Cathedrals, 1980)

209.Ely Cathedral after Scott’s restoration. (Cobb, English Cathedrals, 1980)

210.Salisbury Cathedral, the nave looking east. Engraving by Biddlecomb, 1754. (Cobb, English Cathedrals, 1980)

211.Salisbury Cathedral, the nave looking east, c.1865, showing the screen designed by J.Wyatt. (Cobb, English Cathedrals, 1980)

212.Strasbourg Cathedral. Engraving by J-J. Guttermann, 1819.

213.Wörlitz, ‘gotisches Haus’ in the park. (Denkmale der Geschichte und Kultur, 1976)

214.The Cathedral of Speyer in 1776. North side with Neumann’s west front. (Drawing by J.Braun; Kubach, Haas, Der Dom zu Speyer, 1972)

215.The Cathedral of Mainz. (JJ)

216.The ruins of the abbey church of Paulinzella. Lithography by Witthöft, 1834. (Denkmale in Thüringen, 1974)

217.The Castle of Wartburg. (JJ)

218.‘Walhalla’, near Regensburg. (JJ)

219.The Castle of Marienburg. Engraving by F. Frick after a drawing by F. Gilly. (Boockmann, Die Marienburg, 1982)

220.The Castle of Marienburg, the great refectory. Engraving by F. Frick after a drawing by F. Gilly. (Boockmann, Die Marienburg, 1982)

221.The Castle of Marienburg. Floor plan by F. Frick. (Boockmann, Die Marienburg, 1982)

222.A view of the city of Cologne in 1531 by A. Woensam von Worms, detail. (Der Kölner Dom im Jahrhundert seiner Vollendung, 1980)

223.The mediaeval drawing for the west elevation (c.1300). (Cologne, Dombauarchiv; Der Kölner Dom im Jahrhundert seiner Vollendung, 1980)

224.The Cathedral of Cologne in anticipated completion. Painting by C.G. Hasenpflug (1834-36). (Der Kölner Dom im Jahrhundert seiner Vollendung, 1980)

225.The Cathedral of Cologne, the interior in its imagined completion. Georg Moller, 1811-13, engraving by A. Leisnier. (Cologne, Stadtmuseum; Der Kölner Dom im Jahrhundert seiner Vollendung, 1980)

226.The ruins of Moritzburg, Halle (c.1816). Drawing by K.F. Schinkel. (Karl Friedrich Schinkel, Reisen nach Italien, 1979)

227.Stolzenfels Castle. Ground plan and view of the castle after the reconstruction. Drawing by Schinkel

and Naumann. (Potsdam, the Main State Archive; Bornheim gen. Schilling, Stolzenfels Castle, 1978)

228.Stolzenfels Castle. Survey of the Ruins in 1823 by J.C. Von Lassaulx. (Berlin, Schinkel Museum; Bornheim gen. Schilling, Stolzenfels Castle, 1978)

229.Cologne Cathedral in 1846 by W.v.Abbema. (Der Kölner Dom im Jahrhundert seiner Vollendung, 1980)

230.Cologne Cathedral, section. Proposal for restoration by K.F. Schinkel (1834). (Cologne, Stadtmuseum; Der Kölner Dom im Jahrhundert seiner Vollendung, 1980)

231.Cologne Cathedral, section. Proposal for restoration by E.F. Zwirner (1833). (Cologne, Stadtmuseum; Der Kölner Dom im Jahrhundert seiner Vollendung, 1980)

232.Cologne Cathedral under construction. (Photo by J.F.Michiels, 1855. A.Wolff, Dombau in Köln, Stuttgart 1980)

233.Cologne Cathedral, the south transept elevation. (JJ)

234.Marienburg Castle, glass painting. K.W. Kolbe, ‘The Hochmeister receives an English legation’. (Boockmann, Die Marienburg, 1982)

235.Marienburg Castle from the river (c.1900). (Berlin, Die Institut für Denkmalpflege)

236.Marienburg Castle, detail of restored battlements (c.1900). (Berlin, Die Institut für Denkmalpflege)

237.Marienburg Castle, corridor (c.1900). (Berlin, Die Institut für Denkmalpflege)

238.Marienburg Castle, the refectory (c.1900). (Berlin, Die Institut für Denkmalpflege)

239.K.F. Schinkel: Proposal for a palace on the Acropolis, Athens (1834), ‘the great reception hall’. (Karl Friedrich Schinkel 1781-1841, 1980)

240.K.F. Schinkel: Proposal for a palace on the Acropolis, Athens (1834), the site plan. (Karl Friedrich Schinkel 1781-1841, 1980)

241.The abbey church of Gernrode seen from the south. Drawing by Puttrich 1841. (Voigtl„nder, Die Stiftskirch zu Gernrode, 1980)

242.The abbey church of Gernrode, floor plan in 1945. (Voigtl„nder, Die Stiftskirch zu Gernrode, 1980)