Social discontent rising in China

Social discontent in China has markedly increased this year, according to one of the country’s top think tanks. People in small towns and rural areas are becoming especially dissatisfied with their lives, the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences says.

Some key indicators show that in China overall satisfaction with jobs, social security, and leisure provisions has reached the lowest point since 2006.

People are worried about inflation and their personal future, researchers say.

In their annual Book of China’s Society, the researchers paint a picture that is a far cry from the harmonious society the country’s leadership trumpets. Despite China’s phenomenal growth, there has been a drop in people’s confidence in the economy and in the government’s ability to manage economic, social and international affairs.

The researchers put this down to the impact of the international financial crisis, rather than any widespread abuse of power or increasing restriction on moving up the social ladder.

They say that China is fast moving from an agricultural society to an industrial one, with more farmers leaving the land for the cities.

On the sensitive issue of income distribution, the researchers say the rate of wealth growth for the rural population will outstrip that of the cities this year, but the gap between rich and poor is still widening. (BBC)

Exercise 7 . Make a summary of the news issue below and translate it into Ukrainian.

Violent protests as Greeks strike over austerity cuts

Huge crowds of protesters, upset about stringent Greek economic reforms, marched past the Greek Parliament in Athens Wednesday as police in white helmets tried to keep them from getting any closer.

The protest march entered Syntagma Square, which lies between the Parliament and Finance Ministry, and then left again just after midday.

Most of the marchers were peaceful, but a small number of violent protesters threw Molotov cocktails that burned two cars outside the upscale King George Palace hotel, which sits on one corner of the square. Police responded with stun grenades and tear gas, and the entire exchange left the square filled with smoke and an acrid smell.

The violent protesters left a trail of burning waste bins and lots of garbage and debris that they had thrown at police. At least one small fire burned briefly about a block away from the square. After the marchers moved through, however, the tension was mostly over. Police still formed a line around the front of Parliament, but there was no traffic and only small groups of people milled around the square.

Wednesday is the climax of a week full of strikes by the country’s unions against changes in labor laws and the introduction of wage cuts.

The new fiscal measures are required under the conditions of the massive bailout Greece received from the International Monetary Fund and European Union in May. The three-year, 110-billion-euro package saved Greece from financial default.

The country’s two largest umbrella unions, the GSEE and ADEDY, which represent both the public and private sector, are behind the day of protests, according to Greece’s Athens News Agency (ANA).

Public transportation, which came to a standstill in Athens on Tuesday because of a strike by mass transit employees, was expected to run a limited service Wednesday in order to ferry people to and from the protests, ANA reported.

There were no flights all day Wednesday at Athens International Airport, authorities there announced.

Wednesday’s strike was also expected to affect state hospitals and health services, airlines, coastal shipping, courts, banks, as well as national and suburban trains, ANA reported. Taxi drivers also called a four-hour work stoppage in the middle of the day.

There will also be a news blackout Wednesday because of a 24-hour strike called by journalists’ unions, ANA said. The unions have also called a 48-hour strike for Friday and Saturday. The ADEDY union says its main demand is for the government to recall the “socially unjust government-imposed measures leading workers and pensioners to poverty and misery”.

The financial measures were enacted by the “IMF-EU-ECB troika, the government, and the financially strong”, the union said, referring also to the European Central Bank.

“Employees must put an end to the blackmail conditions imposed by speculators”, the union said in a statement. “It is ‘those in the know’ and the rich that must pay for the crisis”.

Parliament adopted a law Tuesday diminishing the power of collective labor agreements, making it easier for employers to fire people. It also says hundreds of thousands of employees in the civil sector will be getting a pay cut of 10%.

The new round of austerity measures focuses on structural reforms, particularly in the public sector, which employs more than 20% of the Greek labor force.

Demonstrations are set to continue throughout the week.

The 2011 budget, scheduled to be voted on in parliament on December 22, foresees the deficit declining from 9.4% of GDP to 7.4%. Many of the cuts are focused on the public sector, including public enterprises such as the railways and other forms of public transportation.

Members of the militant left-wing PAME union were also on strike Wednesday. In a statement, they vowed “no sacrifice for the plutocracy” and said the problems facing the Greek economy were not created by the people, but by “greedy capitalists”.

“We strike because the EU, the International Monetary Fund, the government lead us to poverty, unemployment; they continuously load us with new burdens”, PAME said. “They abolish the collective agreements; they further reduce our salaries and day-wages”. (CNN)

Exercise 8 . Make a summary of the news issue below and translate it into Ukrainian.