Grammar exercises

Exercises 4. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на функции инфинитива.

1 То design, construct and operate a laser system is a great technological achievement. 2 To protect the water resources, forests and atmosphere several laws were passed in Russia in the 1970's. 3 A very interesting problem is to produce a practically limitless source of energy. 4 There are projects to use lasers for long distance communication. 5 Automation makes it possible to obtain and develop new sources of energy. 6 To combine laser and thermonuclear reaction is a very interesting problem for the scientists in many counties. 7 To conduct physical experiments with laser beams Russian physicists have developed large laser installations. 8 Some Western experts consider that it is practically impossible to protect big cities from pollution. 9 Lasers to be placed on Earth satellites will transform solar radiation into laser beams. 10 A special design bureau in St. Petersburg was the first in the world to develop production of superlong escalators. 11 To put some projects with lasers in operation great technological difficulties must be overcome. 12 One of the ways to make planes as economical as possible is to lighten the aircraft by using new composite materials. 13 Signals to be measured must be strong enough.

Exercises 5. Определите функции инфинитива в предложениях, переведите.

1 To develop a new submersible craft with a manipulator is not an easy task. 2 To develop the supercomputer highly developed electronics and new materials were required. 3 One of the best ways to keep the car speed steady is to use a computer. 4 Experiments helped Mendeleev to discover the properties of new chemical elements.5 Francis Chichester was the first to sail round the world by himself. 6 Some materials with new useful properties may be produced in space. 7 A special electronic device signals the engine to stop. 8 Radar may control the brakes to avoid collisions with other cars. 9 High temperature alloys make it possible for jet engines to be operating under severe conditions for a long period of time. 10 Recently a radar to be mounted on cars has been developed. 11 In a new Japanese car the information to be received by the driver will come through a navigation earth satellite. 12 To help helicopters and aircraft find the capsule, its upper part is covered with special paint which can be detected by radar. 13 To detect objects at a distance such as ships, aircrafts, buildings, mountains etc. is of great importance for navigation both at sea and in air. 14 The radar detects the stationary objects ahead of the car to warn the driver about them and slow down the speed.

Exercises 6. Сравните следующие пары предложений.

1 Designer report a new manned craft to be able to submerge to the depth of 21,000 feet. A new manned craft is reported to be able to submerge to the depth of 21,000 feet. 2 We know radio navigation stations to be located at different places around the world to guide the pilots. Radio navigation stations are known to be located all over the world to guide the pilots. 3 People considered dirigibles to be too slow and unreliable, that is why they were not used for a long time. Dirigibles were considered to be slow and unreliable. 4 Experts expect the new submersible craft to move round the ocean floor like a sports car. The new submersible craft is expected to move round the ocean floor like a sports car. 5 Scientists in many countries consider propeller engines to be much more economical. Propeller engines are considered much more economical. 6 We know propeller planes to fly slower than jet planes, therefore, a new ventilator engine with a propeller has been built. But as propeller planes are known to fly slower than jet planes a new ventilator engine with a propeller has been built.

Exercises 7. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на выделенные грамматические структуры

1 Brakes are known to be one of the most important mechanisms of the car. 2 We know the brakes to be applied to four wheels. 3 We know the steering wheel to be located at the front of the driver. 4 The front wheels are known to swing to the left or right when the steering wheel is turned in one direction or the other. 5 We know the automobile to be made up of three basic parts: the engine, the chassis and the body. 6 The chassis is known to consist of a power train, frame with axles and wheels. 7 Brakes are known to be used for stopping the car. 8 The clutch is known to be the part of the power train. 9 We know the clutch to consist of the driven plate and the pressure plate, the driven plate haven fabric linings on each side. 10 The frame in considered to be the structural centre of any vehicle, as it should proved support for the engine, body and power train members. 11 We know the frame to be reinforced by cross-members. 12 The chassis is known to include the power train, frame and wheels. 13 We know the steering system to be one of the most important mechanisms of the car. 14 The steering system is known to consist of a steering wheel, gears, tie-rod, pitman arm and other units.

Exercises 8. Переведите на английский язык

1Известно, что эти вещества имеют одни и те же свойства. 2 Известно, что эти свойства тщатель­но изучались. 3 Эти данные, по-видимому, являют­ся весьма точными. 4 По-видимому, прибор рабо­тал без поломок (breakdown). 5 Предполагается, что он будет использован в нашем эксперименте. 6 Оказалось, что они уже пользовались подобным прибором. 7 Я хочу, чтобы рассмотрели этот вопрос сейчас. 8 Он полагает что они скоро завершат работу. 9 Она ожидает, что мы получим хорошие результаты. 10 Мы ожидаем, что вы опишете это подробно. 11 Он заставил меня повторить измерения. 12 Я слышал, что они обсуждали эту проблему много раз.