Grammar exercise

Exercises 4. Найдите в следующих предложениях герундий по его признакам, переведите предложения.

1 On detecting danger on the road, the computer signals the driver. 2 Detecting an object in front of a car in the dark is the purpose of the "night vision system". 3 One of the main problems of a driver on the road is keeping the speed constant and watching the cars ahead. 4 A new device for monitoring and adjusting air pressure in tires has recently been developed. 5 Before starting a car one must examine it carefully. 6 Computers are widely used for controlling all kinds of processes. 7 Alexander Bell's being a teacher of deaf people influenced his interest in sound and its transmission. 8 Starting a car one must be very attentive. 9 Samuel Morse's hobby was experimenting with electricity.

Exercises 5. Определите формы и функции герундия:

1 One of the best ways of keeping the speed steady is using a computer for this purpose. 2 Newton's having made a mistake in his calculations has no influence on his theory. 3 Supercomputer is able of performing one billion operations a second. 4 On being turned on the radar will warn the driver about stationary or slow-moving objects on the road. 5 Upon being heated the molecules begin moving very rapidly 6. The white line in the centre of the road is one of the most effective means of controlling traffic. 7 The function of a car computer is detecting and summing up the information about the road conditions. 8 Monitoring and adjusting air pressure in tires is one of the new developments of the car designers. 9 On seeing a red light on a panel and on hearing a warning sound the driver should decrease the speed. 10 By picking up infrared rays emitted by objects ahead of the car an image-processing system produces different images of objects. 11 On studying for half an hour before an exam one should switch over to some other activity. 12 On graduating from the Moscow Higher Technical School S.P. Korolev began working in the field of rocket design. 13 It is difficult to solve some of the present-day scientific a technological problems without using supercomputers.

Exercises 6. Найдите герундий в функции обстоятельства, переведите предложения:

1 On examining the car before starting on a long journey a driver can be sure that he will get to his destination without accidents. 2 By summing up the information about the speed and distance of various objects on the road, the computer detects all possible danger. 3 A superliner of a new kind will be capable of flying at five times above the speed of the sound. 4 The only way of overcoming the great air resistance at high velocities is flying higher. 5 At low speeds the engine can use turbines for compressing the air before mixing it with fuel in the combustion chamber. 6 In future in switching over to the new Earthy satellite a driver can be sure of coming safely to his destination. 7 Cryogenic fuels will vaporize before being injected into combustion chamber. 8 By using supercomputers it is possible to avoid making mistakes in extremely complicated thermodynamic computations. 9 A new carburetor offers easier starting in cold weather. 10 By using the automatic guidance system a driver will be able to make long journeys without concentrating on the road conditions. 11 It is impossible to solve economic problems without using the achievements of the scientific and technological revolution.

Exercises 7. Найдите герундий в следующих парах предложений:

1 Overcoming these difficulties is not so easy as it may seem. Overcoming these difficulties the designers can increase the fuel efficiency. 2 Setting a problem, the scientist makes the first step to its solution. Setting a problem is the first step to its solution. 3 Covering the distance between Tokyo and Moscow in less than two hours this superliner develops a speed five times above the speed of sound. Covering the distance between Tokyo and Moscow on board a Superliher requires about two hours. 4 Putting the discovery into practice the engineers will solve a complicated technological task. Putting the discovery into practice sometimes requires more effort than making it. 5 Testing will begin in a few minutes. Testing these devices we sometimes find defects in them. 6 Reading stories about adventures and travellings excited the boy's imagination. Reading stories about adventures he remembered his green years.

Exercises 8. Найдите в следующих предложениях сложную конструкцию с герундием и переведите предложения на русский язык. (Помните, что сложные формы герундия переводятся придаточными предложениями, вводными словами: то, что; в том что; тем, чем; о том что.)

1 I wonder at your overcoming these difficulties so easily. 2 He proposed our immediately telling the whole story. 3 The rule against visitors entering the lab at the time of the experiment is strict. 4 They started working without another word being spoken on either side. 5 His having carried out the measurements so easily doesn't surprise us. 6 Their having failed to distinguish between these phenomena seems strange enough. 7 The man’s coming so early surprised us. 8 We objected to your going there. 9 They insist on this experiment being made once more. 10 His having measured the distance will enable him to calculate the intensity of light. 11 Pilot’s being informed about the weather allows him to avoid weather problems.