Commentaries

1 Alphonse Beau de Rochas – Альфонс Бо-де-Роша (1815–1893), французский инженер, предвосхитивший четырехтактный цикл (двс).

2 Nikolaus August Otto – Николаус Август Отто (1832–1891), немецкий конструктор. Создал четырехтактный двигатель внутреннего сгорания (1876).

3 Cologne – г. Кельн (Германия).

Exercises

Exercises 1. Match the beginning of the sentence on the left with its ending on the right.

1 There was little actual difference	1 combustion engine was born.
2 In 1862 or 1863 such an engine was	2 by Etienne Lenoir of Luxembourg.
3 Both engines used the explosion of a mixture of gas and air inside	3 method of transmitting piston motion to the crankshaft and the mixture.
4 The gas engine was produced	4 tools in workshops.
5 Lenoir’s engine used a different	5 between the two engines.
6 In 1860 the French civil engineer	6 installed in two engines.
7 It was mainly used for the mechanization of machine	7 of a mixture of gas contained in the cylinder of an engine ignited by an electric spark.
8 Nikolaus August Otto of Cologne began to	8 Alphonse Bean de Rochas described the four-stroke combustion cycle.
9 Lenoir’s engine exploited the kinetic effects of the mixture’s explosion	9 which held the key to the development of the power of the internal combustion engine.
10 In 1861 Nicolaus August Otto requested a patent from the Prussian government for the use	10 a cylinder without previously compressing it.
11 The internal	11 take an interest in the problems of the internal combustion engine.
12 Bean de Rochas added the fourth phase, that of compression	12 in a three stroke cycle: induction, explosion, expansion.

Exercises 2. Match the words and phrases with their Russian equivalents.

crankshaft	– индукционная катушка
induction	– свеча зажигания
explosion	– пар
expansion	– золотник
compression	– коленчатый вал
machine tool	– метод передачи движения поршня
emanating	– четырехтактный цикл сгорания
distributor	– сжатие
Ruhmkorff	– распределитель
vapour	– зажигание
slide valve	– выпуск
four-stroke combustion cycle	– расширение
sparking	– станок
method of transmitting piston motion	– впрыск (впуск)

Exercises 3. Answer the following questions.

1 The gas engine produced by Etienne Lenoir of Luxembourg went down in history as the first example of its kind, didn’t it?

2 Was there little actual difference between the two engines?

3 Did both use the explosion of a mixture of gas and air inside a cylinder without previously compressing it?

4 Whose engine used a different method of transmitting piston motion to the crankshaft and the mixture?

5 Was it introduced by means of slide valve gear?

6 Was it electrically ignited by a Ruhmkorff coil?

7 What motor had much more commercial success?

8 Where was it used?

9 Where was such an engine installed in 1862 or 1863?

10 Was the vehicle equipped with a sparking plug and an embryonic distributor?

11 Had the vehicle performed the journey a number of times between Paris and Jonville-le-Pont?

12 The internal combustion engine was born, wasn’t it?

13 When did the French civil engineer Alphonse Beau de Rochas describe the four-stroke combustion cycle?

14 What year is a very important one in the history of the motor car?

15 Lenoir’s engine exploited the kinetic effects of the mixture’s explosion in a three stroke cycle, didn’t it?

16 Who added the fourth phase?

17 Did it hold the key to the development of the power of the internal combustion engine?

18 Who began to take an interest in the problems of the internal combustion engine in the same period?

19 When did Nikolaus August Otto request a patent from the Prussian government for the use of a mixture of gas contained in the cylinder of an engine ignited by an electric spark?