Способы выражения определения

прилагательное	the main advantage a traditional method
местоимение	its length
существительное	the bridge construction the railway bridge construction the students hostel houses of stone
причастие I	a sleeping child the students doing English the book being read by the students
причастие II	the changed plans the plans changed by them
герундий	the methods of repairing a book for reading
инфинитив	the text to be translated the problem for you to solve
придаточное определительное предложение а/ с союзом б/ без союза	Steel which we use for manufacturing rails must be of high quality. Steel we use for manufacturing rails must be of high quality.

Exercise 8. Translate the following sentences into Russian paying attention to the attribute.

1 Steel sleepers were not introduced in all European countries.

2 The main advantage of the steel sleeper is its durability.

3 Various methods are adopted for fixing the rail fastenings to the concrete sleepers.

4 The type of wood used is marked by a letter.

5 In some countries experiments are going on with plastic sleepers.

6 The proportion of sleepers made from these different materials varies from country to country.

7 The first specialized railway transport exhibition "Rolling Stock – 71" was held in I971.

8 The International specialized exhibition "Railway Transport – 77" was held in 1977 at Scherbinka Station outside Moscow.

9 Now sleepers are first distributed opposite the sleepers to be renewed.

10 The new sleeper is inserted in the trench left by the old sleeper.

11 Renewal of sleepers can be divided into spot renewal and through renewal.

12 The ballast on which the sleepers, are laid Is of some material such as broken stone.

13 The life of a steel sleeper may be taken to be about 35 years and that of a cast iron sleeper is over 40 years.

14 The first railroads were not much like the railroads we know today.

15 One of the very first railroads in the USA which was three miles in length had wagons which were pulled by horses.

16 The wooden sleepers which must be laid were treated with creosote.

Цепочка определений:

the railway transport – железнодорожный транспорт

the railway transport improvement – совершенствование железнодорожного транспорта

the railway transport improvement problem – проблема совершенство­вания железнодорожного транспорта

Exercise 9. Translate the following word combinations into Russians:

a new sleeper, a new wooden sleeper, a new wooden creosote – treated sleeper, train speed, the automatically controlled train speed, a new railway, the first Russian railway, the first Russian rail­way line, the Trans – Siberian railway line, the railway system, an integrated transportation system, the Soviet railway transport, the railway transport, the railway economy, the Trans – Siberian container service, the international passenger service.

Exercise 10. Read the following English words and find their Russian equivalents in the right column.

A 1. rest 2. high 3. use 4. best 5. less 6. nearly 7. such 8. surfaoe 9. common 10. plant 11. broad 12. manufacture	а. использовать b. завод c. высокий d. почти е. опираться f. менее g. наилучший h. поверхность i. обычный j. такой k. широкий 1. производить
B 1. Provide 2. deep 3. should 4. receptivity 5. primary 6. close-grained 7. vital 8. pressure 9. generally 10. other 11. bear 12. replace	a. должен b. первостепенный c. обычно d. восприимчивость e. обеспечивать f. мелкозернистый g. жизненный h. другой i. давление j. глубокий k. выдерживать l. вытеснять
Keys
A 1 - e 2 - с 3 - a 4- g 5 - f 6 - d 7 - j 8 - h 9 - i 10 - b 11 - к 12 - 1	В 1 - e 2 - j 3 - а 4 - d 5 - b 6 - f 7 - g 8 - i 9 - с 10 - h 11 - k 12 - 1

Exercise 11. Read and translate the following international words:

ballast function, modern, biological, mechanical, manufacture preservative, chemical, interior, plastic, tendency.

Exercise 12. Read and translate the following words and their derivatives

1 resist – сопротивляться 2 construct – строить 3 produce – производить 4 long – длинный 5 oheap – дешевый 6 preserve – сохранять 7 deep – глубокий 8 important – важный 9 use – использовать 10 general – обычный 11 vary – изменяться 12 treat – обрабатывать 13 include – включать 14 broad – широкий

resistance construction production longer cheaper preservation deeper importance useful generally variety treatment treated including broader

Words to be remembered: accept v., adopt v., apply v., creosote n., decay n.,v., destruction n., durable a., employ v., exact a., fasten v., fir n., hardwood n., impregnate v., incise v., last v., liable a., life-span n., moisture n., oak n., penetration n., petroleum n., pine n., preserve v., reduce v., resistance n., season v., sleeper n., soft-wood n., stress n., support n.,v., tie n., tie – plate n., treat v.

Words to be reviewed» behaviour n., call v., cause v., cheap a., concrete n., cut v., determine v., expensive a., force v., gauge (gage) n., heavy a., Include v., increase v., keep v., kind n.,' maintain v., on a large scale, passage n., production n., steel n., substance n., track n., train n., transmit v., weight n., wood n.