Grammar

Задание 3. Перед тем, как выполнить грамматические упражнения, внимательно прочитайте и изучите теоретический материал по данной теме.

Non-Finites - Безличные формы глагола Participle – Причастие

Причастие – это безличная форма глагола, которая имеет свойства глагола, прилагательного и наречия. Английскому Participle в русском языке соответствует причастие и деепричастие.

Формы и функции причастий и их перевод

Participle I Active: asking Passive: being asked		1. — The student reading a book is my friend. Студент, читающий книгу, мой друг. — The questions being discussed at the conference are important. Вопросы, которые обсуждаются на конференции, важны. — The text translated by me was not difficult. Текст, переведенный мною, был нетрудный.
		2 .— [When] Reading a text I make notes. Когда я читаю текст, я делаю пометки. —When cooled water becomes ice. Когда воду охлаждают, он превращается в лед.
Participle II Active: — Passive: asked		3. — PI: см. Continuous Tenses (Табл. 8.6) — PII: смотри Perfect Tenses (Табл.8.6) Passive Voice (Табл.8.7)
Perfect Participle Active: having asked Passive: having been asked		— Having done this work, I went for a walk. Сделав эту работу, я пошел на прогулку. — Having been translated into many languages, this book became known all over the world. После того как эту книгу перевели на много языков, она стала известна во всем мире.

Задание 4. Определите функцію Participle I и II. Переведите предложения на родной язык.

Образец: 1. loughing – Participle I, определение. К нам подошла группа смеющихся людей.

1. A group of laughing people came up to us. 2. Everything written here is quite right. 3. He stood talking to her in a soft voice. 4. Not understanding what they wanted he repeated his question. 5. The house surrounded by tall threes is very beautiful. 6. Travelling all over the world the scientist saw many interesting things. 7. Having slept two hours he felt rested. 8. The inner gate was locked. 9. When questioned, Annie had answered at once. 10. Being tired they decided to rest a little.

Задание 5. Пояснение.Часто причастие употребляется с местоимениями as if или as though в функции сравнительного придаточного предложения, например:

She kept silent as if (as though) waiting for further examinations – Она молчала, как будто ждала объяснений.

Переведите следующие предложения на английский язык.

1. Вона зупинилась, наче не знала дорогу додому. 2. Вона подивилась на мене, наче хотіла мені щось сказати. 3. Вони розмовляли так голосно, наче намагались перекричати друг друга (to shout one another down). 4. Він подивився на мене так, наче не зрозумів мого запитання. 5. Він мав такий вигляд, наче був до смерті переляканий (frightened to death).

Задание 6. Раскройте скобки,употребляя соответствующую форму причастия. Переведите предложения на родной язык..

1. (Take off – Participle I) our shoes we crept cautiously along the passage. 2. (Hold– Participle I) the rope with one hand, he stretched out the other to the boy in the water. 3. A man (carry – Participle I) a large parcel got out of the bus. 4. Jones and Smith came in (follow – Participle II) by their wives. 5. (Think – Participle I) he was asleep, I walked on tiptoe.

Задание 7. Составьте из двух предложений одно, используя while или when + Participle I. Переведите предложения на родной язык.

Например: Nick was shaving. He cut himself. – While shaving, Nick cut himself.

1. Bob was running down the street. He waved to his friends. 2. He was waiting for the train. He read a newspaper. 3. Helen was shopping. She bought some books. 4. Dick was driving. He didn’t look at the scenery. 5. Ann was going home. She met some of her friends.

Задание 8. Замените подчинённые предложения конструкциями Perfect Participle Active или Passive. Переведите предложения на родной язык.

Например: After he had received all the necessary documents, he went to the police station. – Having received all the necessary documents, he went to the police station.

1. After Mary had passed all her examinations, she went to the seaside. 2. After he had returned from the expedition he made a very interesting report. 3. As they had lived in Spain for four years, they knew Spanish very well. 4. After Mary had arranged everything, she went home. 5. As she had read much on this question, she wrote a very interesting essay.

Задание 9. Выберите соответствующую форму причастия из предложенных в скобках.

1. On the tower of Westminster Palace there is a big clock (A — calling; В — called) Big Ben and (A — knowing; В — known) all over the world. 2. Glasgow has the Art Gallery (A — containing; В — contained) fine collections of painting. 3. Twenty bridges (A — crossing; В — crossed) the Thames connect the two parts of London. 4. The legendary Liverpool musicians (A — knowing; В — known) as “the Beatles” were a great success in Great Britain. 5. The Tower of London (A — building; В — built) nine centuries ago was used as a strong fortress. 6. The national flag of Great Britain (A — knowing; В — known) as the Union Jack is made of three flags (A — representing; В — represented) England, Scotland and Northern Ireland. 7. Camera Obscura (A — housing; В —housed) at the Outlook Tower in Edinburgh gives a (A — moving; В — moved) panorama of the (A — surrounding; В — surrounded) city. 8. The laboratory (A — founding; В — founded) by Maxwell in 1871 made Cambridge (A — well-knowing; В — well-known) in the field of experimental physics.

Задание 10. Прежде, чем выполнить грамматические упражнения, внимательно прочитайте и изучите теоретический материал по теме.