golikova_zh_a_perevod_s_angliiskogo_na_russkii_learn_to_tran

Употребляясь в вопросительном предложении, в сочетании с местоимениями 2-го и 3-го лица единственного числа, shall также выражает необходимость.

Модальный глагол will употребляется в утвердительных

иотрицательных предложениях в сочетании с местоимениями

в1-м лице для выражения намерения, решимости.

■ Упражнение 1. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на передачу модального значения глаголами shall и will, выражающи­

ми намерение, приказание, общепринятый порядок.

1.I want to be helpful to you both, if you will let me.

2.Well, I wish it could come all over again. Tell me how I can serve you. I will do anything you say to wipe out my mistake.

3.I won’t have him in my office a day longer.

4. A ll right! I will send the letter first thing tomorrow morning. I will do that without fail.

5.You’ve stopped him doing what he wanted to. I won’t answer for the consequences.

6.Listen, what shall I do when I ’m introduced? Ought to shake hands? Or what?

7.I shall act and I shall act promptly. If the tree is rotten, it shall be cut down and cast into flames.

8.He shall not get away with it this time. He shall pay for it, he shall!

9.The Treaty of Lausanne laid down in Article 27, that Turkey shall not intervene in the affair of Cyprus.

10.Everyone can add something to knowledge if he will make use of the opportunities richly offered by Nature.

11.You shall repent of this neglect of duty, Mr. Zummer.

12.It’s no use trying to open the door, it will not open.

I know you shouldn’t keep telephoning them — I know they don’t like it. But I hadn’t talked to him in three days. And all I did was ask him how he was. He couldn’t have minded that. He couldn’t have thought I was bothering him. And he said he’d telephone me. He did not have to say that. I did not ask him to.

I must stop. I must think about something else. This is what I’ll do. I ’ll put the clock in the other room. Then I can’t look at it. If I do have to look at it, then I’ll have to walk into the bedroom, and that will be something to do. May be before I look at it again, he’ll call me. I’ll be so sweet to him. If he says, he can’t see me tonight, I ’ll say, “Why, that’s all right, dear.” Then he may like me again.

I think he must still like me a little. He couldn’t have called me “darling” if he didn’t still like me a little.

May be he isn’t going to call. He may be coming straight up here without telephoning.

Something might have happened to him. May be he went home to telephone me from there, and somebody came in. He does not like to telephone me in front of people. He might even hope that I would call him up. I could do that. I could telephone him.

I won’t telephone him. I’ll never telephone him as long as I live! Oh, what does pride matter when I can’t stand it if I don’t talk to him? This is such a little thing, I may have misunderstood him.

He may have said, “Call me at five, darling.” I’m almost sure that’s what he said. Why can’t I be natural just because I love him?

I ’ll count five hundred by fives. I ’ll do it so slowly and so fairly. If he hasn’t telephoned then, I ’ll call him. I will.

(D . P a rk er)

ГЛАГОЛЫ TO BE , TO HAVE ,TO DO

Глаголы to be, to have, to do выполняют различные синтак­ сические функции. В зависимости от роли в предложении они со­ храняют, теряют или изменяют свое первоначальное значение. Для правильного перевода этих глаголов важно уметь быстро и точно определять их роль в предложении: функции и значения этих глаголов, равно как и их перевод, резко меняются в зависи­ мости от того, какое слово следует за этими глаголами.

5 Зак. 2642

Глагол to be

Функции в предложении

1. СМЫСЛОВОЙ ГЛАГОЛ

2. ГЛАГОЛ-СВЯЗКА

Признак: предше­ We are to meet at the en­ Переводится глаголами дол­

Глагол to have

Функции в предложении

тельного. Такие со­ четания имеют устойчивый харак­ тер и зарегистриро­ ваны в словарях.

5*

68_________________ Грамматические особенности перевода

Окончание таблицы

Глагол to do

Функции в предложении

Сравнительная таблица употребления глаголов to be ,to have , to do

1. СМЫСЛОВОЙ ГЛАГОЛ

Great Britain is a constitu­ tional monarchy.

Великобритания — кон­ — — ституционная монархия.

■ Упражнение 1. Переведите предложения на русский язык, об­ ращая внимание на функции глаголов to be, to have, to do.

1.I ’m sorry, Major, we had an agreement — I was to do the ques­ tioning here.

2.Changes seem inevitable but no one can say what. But changes there must be if confidence in the board is to be restored and it is to function properly.

3.White-collar workers are to meet on May 8 to formulate their reply to the company on the following day.

4.Their initial goal is to end three years of budget deficits and inflation by the end of this year.

5.Another poor sign: once a rice exporting country, last year Madagascar had to import 170,000 tons.

6.To meet the export requirements, the domestic consumption has had to be curtailed.

7.He is not half as worried as the old age pensioners, the house­ wives and workers who are having to pay the increased prices.

8.All the same the state of the economy and the general trend of national politics do have some influence on the voters.

9.The UNO representative pointed out that Governments of the developing countries are unable to assure adequate food sup­ plies — and will be unable to do so in the foreseeable future.