- •Contents
- •Preface
- •Key to phonemic and other symbols
- •Introductory Corrective Course Academic Thematic Syllabus
- •Notes on english phonetics
- •The organs of speech
- •Articulation Basis of English
- •The English Vowel System
- •The Chart of English Vowel Phonemes
- •English Monophthongs
- •English Diphthongs
- •The English Consonant System
- •Chart of English Consonant Phonemes
- •Vowel Reduction
- •Full and Reduced Forms
- •List of Full and Reduced Forms
- •Assimilation
- •Directions of Assimilation
- •Degrees of Assimilation
- •Types of Partial Assimilation
- •Word Stress
- •Accented types of words
- •English Intonation. Its Components.
- •Communicative Types of Sentences
- •The Segments of Intonation Group
- •Types of Pre-Heads
- •The System of Scales
- •Scales in Detail The Stepping Scale
- •The Sliding Scale
- •The Scandent Scale
- •The Level Scale
- •Terminal Tones
- •The Low Fall
- •The Low Rise
- •The Fall-Rise
- •Sentence Stress
- •Variations in Sentence Stress
- •Logical Stress
- •Some Rules of Syntagmatic Division
- •Complex and Compound Sentences
- •Direct Address
- •Parentheses
- •Author’s Words
- •Graphical rules
- •Vowel № 1/I:/
- •Vowel № 2 //
- •Vowel № 3 /e/
- •Vowel № 4 //
- •Vowel № 5 //
- •Vowel № 6 //
- •Vowel № 7 //
- •Vowel № 8 //
- •Vowel № 9 //
- •Vowel № 10 //
- •Vowel № 11 //
- •Vowel № 12 //
- •Tongue twisters
- •Practical assignments Stress
- •Linking of words in connected speech
- •Assimilation
- •Rhythm and Rhythmic Groups
- •Scales and Terminal Tones
- •Word Phonetic Analysis Model
- •Sentence Phonetic Analysis Model
- •Preparatory Tests Preparatory Test 1
- •Preparatory test 2
- •Preparatory Test 3
- •Preparatory test 4
- •Pedagogical classification of pronunciation errors and problems
- •Phonetic and grammar terms
- •Recommended literature
Phonetic and grammar terms
Accent |
|
Nasalization |
|
Accentuation |
|
Nasal plosion |
|
Accidental Rise |
|
Neutral |
|
Adjective |
|
Nuclear tone |
|
Adverb |
|
Noise consonants |
|
Adverbial modifier group |
|
Nucleus |
|
Affricate |
|
Notional verb |
|
Allophone |
|
Noun |
|
Alveoli /, , -/ |
Alveolar
|
Numeral (cardinal, ordinal) |
|
Alveolar ridge |
|
Occlusive |
|
Apostrophe |
|
Organs of speech |
|
Apposition |
|
Palatalization |
|
Article (definite, indefinite) |
|
Palatalized |
|
Articulation |
|
Palate |
|
Articulatory phonetics |
|
Palato-alveolar |
|
Aspiration |
|
Partial devoicing |
|
Assimilation (regressive, progressive, reciprocal; partial, intermediate and complete) |
|
Pattern |
|
Author’s words |
|
Pharyngeal / Pharyngal |
|
Auxiliary verbs |
|
Pharynx |
|
Backlingual |
|
Phoneme |
|
Bilabial |
|
Phoneme sequence |
|
Boundary |
|
Phonemic symbol |
|
Brackets |
|
Phonemic system |
|
Colon |
|
Phonetic alphabet |
|
Comma |
|
Paragraph |
|
Complex tones |
|
Parenthesis |
|
Compound words |
|
Partial stress |
|
Conjunction |
|
Pausation |
|
Consonant |
|
Pause |
|
Consonant cluster |
|
Phonetic paragraph |
|
Constrictive |
|
Phonetics |
|
Contour |
|
Plosion |
|
Curve (downward, upward) |
|
Plosive |
|
Dash |
|
Plural |
|
Dental |
|
Polysyllabic |
|
Devoiced |
|
Post-alveolar |
|
Diphthong |
|
Predicate group |
|
Direct address |
|
Prefix |
|
Disyllabic |
|
Pre-head |
|
Dot |
|
Prenuclear |
|
Emphasis |
|
Preposition |
|
Ending |
|
Prominence |
|
Enumeration |
|
Pronoun |
|
Exclamation mark |
|
Question mark |
|
Facial expression |
|
Range |
|
Final position |
|
Realisation |
|
Flat rounding |
|
Reduction |
|
Forelingual |
|
Reduced vowel |
|
Fricative |
|
Rhythm |
|
Fricative plosion (incomplete plosion) |
|
Rhythmic group |
|
Full stop |
|
RP (Received Pronunciation) |
|
Full stress |
|
Rhythmic structure |
|
Function |
|
Root of the word |
|
Gestures |
|
Scale (Regular/Broken; Descending/ Ascending Stepping, Sliding, Scandent, Level) |
|
Glide |
|
Semicolon |
|
Handwriting (cursive, italic) |
|
Sentence communicative type (statements, questions, imperative, exclamatory) |
|
Head |
|
Singular |
|
Hyphen |
|
Slanting brackets |
|
Implicatory |
|
Slanting line |
|
Initial position |
|
Special Rise |
|
Interdental |
|
Stress (Word Stress, Utterance Stress) |
|
Interval |
|
Schwa |
|
Intonation |
|
Segmental level |
|
Intonation group |
|
Semivowel |
|
Intonation pattern |
|
Simple tone |
|
Inverted commas |
|
Sonorant |
|
Italics |
|
Speech sound |
|
Jaws |
|
Suprasegmental level |
|
Junction |
|
Syllable |
|
Juncture |
|
Stress-timed language |
|
Kinetic tone |
|
Subject group |
|
Labialization |
|
Suffix |
|
Labiodental |
|
Tempo (rapid, (accelerated), moderate, slow (decelerated) |
|
Larynx |
|
Tonogram |
|
Lateral |
|
Tune (simple, compound) |
|
Lateral plosion |
|
Target language |
|
Lax |
|
Tail |
|
Linking |
|
Terminal tone |
|
Lip rounding |
|
Tone |
|
Long vowels |
|
Uvula |
|
Loss of plosion |
|
Velar |
|
Loudness |
|
Vocal cords |
|
Manner of noise production |
|
Voiced |
|
Meaning |
|
Voiceless |
|
Mimics |
|
Vowel |
|
Modal verbs |
|
Utterance |
|
Modification |
|
Word Order |
|
Monophthong |
|
Word Stress (primary, secondary, strong, weak or unstressed) |
|
Monosyllabic |
|
Weak forms |
|
Nasal |
|
|
|