Ex. 29

Put the verbs in the appropriate tense form:

1. Debby (work) as an administration at the university. She (organize) all the timetables and teaching schedules. She (work) very long hours at the moment because it’s the start of the academic year but she (go) on a short holiday at the end of the mouth.

2. Simon and Sylvia (stay) in a cottage in the Yorkshire Dales this month. The cottage (belong) to a cousin of Sylvia’s but the cousin is away: she (cycle) around Norfolk for a few weeks. Simon and Sylvia often (use) the cottage when Sylvia’s cousin is away. They really (enjoy) being in the middle of the countryside.

3. The International School for Languages (do) very well at the moment. About two hundred students (take) evening classes this term.

4. Many of them (need) to learn a new language to improve their job prospects but some of them (learn) a new language purely for pleasure. The European languages (be) very popular but Japanese and Russian (get) more popular too. The school (provide) good learning facilities and (organize) a range of study tours.

5. The world population still (increase) rapidly. Many people in the world already (starve) and many more (suffer) from malnutrition. The population (grow) fastest in the poorest countries where people (need) to have children to look after them in their old age and where many of their children (die) at a very young age.

Ex. 30

Tick the correct sentence, ☑

a) The train from Brussels arrives at 2:20 at Platform 5. b) The train from Brussels is arriving at 2:20 at Platform 5. a) Mr Lewis doesn’t go to the supermarket today. b) Mr Lewis isn’t going to the supermarket today. 3. a) Renee always breaks things in the kitchen. b) Renee is always breaking things in the kitchen. 4. a) Greg and Julie live in a flat in Manhattan. b) Greg and Julie are living in a flat in Manhattan. 5. a) Do we visit Grandma and Grandpa this Sunday? b) Are we visiting Grandma and Grandpa this Sunday? 6. a) Cats don’t like water. b) Cats aren’t liking water. 7. a) Jacob never changes a flat tyre again. b) Jacob is never changing a flat tyre again. 8. a) How much does the silk blouse cost? b) How much is the silk blouse costing? 9. a) More and more people are eating healthily. b) More and more people eat healthily. 10.a) That carton contains one litre of milk. b) That carton is containing one litre of milk.

……… ……… ……… ……… ……… ……… ……… ……… ……… ……… ……… ……… ……… ……… ……… ……… ……… ……… ……… ………

Ex. 31

There are eight mistakes in the letter below. Find the mistakes and correct them.

Dear Kate,

How are you? I’m writing to you from Bali. I am being here on holiday. The weather is hot and sunny so I’m getting a great tan! I get up early every morning and go swimming in the warm sea. I go on a boat trip tomorrow morning. I’m really looking forward to it.

Right now I sit on the beach. There is a restaurant nearby and the food is smelling wonderful! I’m starting to feel very hungry. Food in Bali is tasting lovely. I must be careful, though, as I am thinking I have already gained some weight!

Well, I come home on Tuesday. My parents meet me at the airport.

See you soon,

Love, Jenny.

Ex. 32

Translate into English using the Present Indefinite or the Present Continuous.

A.

1. Дощ все ще йде. Я бачу каплі дощу на склі. 2. Ці люди на вас так витріщаються. Ви їх знаєте? 3. Як називається журнал, який ви переглядаєте? 4. Що ви стоїте в дверях? Проходьте, ми як раз п’ємо чай; випийте з нами чашку. 5. Ми наближаємося до моря. 6. Що ти слухаєш? – Я слухаю концерт з Колонної зали. 7. Цей чоловік, звичайно, дуже гарно говорить по-англійськи, але мені важко розуміти його, так як він говорить дуже швидко, а я знаю мову не досить добре. 8. Молодий робітник, з яким розмовляє журналіст, працює на 12 станках. Зараз він, очевидно, розповідає про свої методи. 9. Я не люблю таких людей, як він. Він завжди мріє, але нічого не робить, щоб здійснити свої мрії. 10. Зателефонуй на вокзал, будь-ласка, і дізнайся, коли приходить потяг з Харкова. 11. Дістаньте ваш квиток. Контролер перевіряє квитки. 12. Не рухайся, фотограф уже знімає тебе. 13. Ви помилились, ви передаєте мені гірчицю, а не перець. 14. Вона завжди жаліється на свого сина, коли б я її не зустрів. 15. Ви кажете, що скоро від’їжджаєте. Може ви побудете тут, поки він не приїде? 16. Чому ви весь час перемикаєте приймач з однієї станції на іншу? Що ви хочете послухати? 17. Не заходьте до цієї кімнати, він проявляє плівки.

B.

1.- Я не бачу, що ви пишете. – Я пишу листа моєму двоюрідному брату, який живе в Москві. Ми великі друзі і часто пишемо один одному. Зараз він працює над своєю дипломною роботою.

2. Я бачу двох студентів і чую їх голоси, але не розумію, якою мовою вони розмовляють. Очевидно, це якась східна мова, а я не знаю східних мов.

3. Я люблю, коли вся наша родина вечорами збирається разом. Зазвичай ми розмовляємо про нашу роботу. Зараз ми всі разом в їдальні. Ми п’ємо чай. Батько продивляється газету. Брат розповідає нам про останні новини в інституті. Дев’ята година. Мама дивиться на годинник і каже, що молодшим дітям пора спати.

С.

1. Зараз у мене канікули, і я працюю в магазині продавцем. Я вважаю, що цей досвід допомагає мені краще розуміти вимоги і психологію покупців. 2. Так, мене звати Блек, але я не той Блек, якого ви шукаєте. Він тут більше не працює. 3. Наш партнер вважає, що, якщо компанія покращить якість своїх товарів, вона отримає більше прибутку. 4. В цьому році наша компанія працює успішніше, ніж у минулому році, тому прибуток постійно росте. 5. „Привіт, Алекс! Як справи?” – „Справи ідуть дуже добре. Знаєш, я зараз займаюся на курсах німецької мови і комп’ютерного програмування. При прийомі на роботу керівництво спільного підприємства, де я працюю, віддає перевагу тим, хто володіє іноземною мовою. Ну а комп’ютер в роботі використовує практично кожен співробітник.” – „А що виробляє ваше підприємство?” – „Ми збираємо телевізори з деталей, які постачає німецька сторона. На жаль, у нас зараз проблема в збиранні блоку дистанційного керування, тому на наступному тижні я лечу в Німеччину, щоб обговорити це питання з німецькими партнерами.”

The Present Perfect Tense

The formation of the Present Perfect.

1.The Present Perfect is formed by means of the Present Indefinite of the auxiliary verb to have and Participle II of the no­tional verb.

2. In the interrogative form the auxiliary verb is placed before the subject. In the negative form the negative particle not is placed after the auxiliary verb.

3. The contracted affirmative forms are:

I've arrived. She's arrived. We've arrived.

The contracted negative forms are:

She hasn’t arrived. We haven’t arrived.

4. The negative-interrogative forms are:

Have I not arrived? Has she not arrived? Hasn't she arrived?

Стверджувальна форма	Питальна форма	Заперечна форма
I have worked	Have I worked?	I have not (haven’t) worked
You have worked	Have you worked?	You have not (haven’t) worked
He (she, it) has worked	Has he (she, it) worked?	He (she, it) has not (hasn’t) worked
We have worked	Have we worked?	We have not (haven’t) worked
They have worked	Have they worked?	They have not (haven’t) worked

The Use of the Present Perfect:

a) for an action which started in the past and continues up to the present, especially with state

verbs such as be, have, like, know, etc. In this case, we often use “for” and “since”.

Rachel has had the dog for three years (She got the dog three years ago and she still has it)

b)for an action which has recently finished and whose result is visible in the present.

She has just washed her hair (She has now wrapped her hair in a towel, so the action has finished)

c) for an action which happened at an unstated time in the past. The exact time is not mentioned because it is either unknown or unimportant. The emphasis is placed on the action.

The Taylors have bought a sailing boat (The exact time is unknown or unimportant. What is important is the fact that they now own a sailing boat)

d) for an action which has happened within a specific time period which is not over at the moment of speaking. We often use words and expressions such as “today, this morning/evening/week/month”, etc.

She has taken fifteen pictures today (The time period - today -is not over yet She may take more pictures)

BUT: She took twenty pictures yesterday (The time period yesterday is over)

Note: We use the present perfect to announce a piece of news and the past simple or past continuous to give more details about it.

The police have finally arrested Peter Duncan He was trying to leave the country when they caught him

The present perfect is used with the following time expressions: for, since, already, yet, always, just, ever, never, so far, today, this week/month, etc., how long, lately, recently, still (in negations), etc.

Ex. 1

Read and translate the following sentences. Explain the use of the Present Perfect.

1. We live in the life that we have created. 2. Miss Lazy has hardly done any work this week. 3. I've said all I wanted to say on the matter. 4. Alan and Chloe are both down with the flu. Thank God I haven't caught it from them. 5.1 think you've made a good choice. 6. Rick, I've just told you that we don't have a future together. 7. The country has made enormous progress this year. The Prime Minister has done so much good. 8. I've studied the last two faxes from Geneva and I've come to a decision. 9. You are my mother. I love you very much, and I thank you from the bottom of my heart for everything you have done for me. 10. Wait, you haven't read the details.

11. You have become very dear to me, and in such a short time. I've fallen in love with you, Mary. 12. So the vendetta has finally ended. You have united the two families at last. 13. You've been generous beyond belief. Thank you. 14. Have you ever seen a ghost? 15. We've run out of sugar. Ask Mrs. Helpful to lend us some. 16. We have had some successes in tennis lately. 17.I have been married to Andrew for ten years now. 18. You are a human dynamo, I've never seen you waste a minute. 19. They have been separated for donkey's years. 20. We've been friends since we were babies. Actually, you can say we've been inseparable since our prams.

Ex. 2

Use the right form of the verbs in brackets.

1. They (be) political rivals for more than 30 years and still are. 2. New York house (be) his main home for the last forty years. 3. I (miss) you terribly! Where you (be) all this time? 4. It (be) a long way, I really feel tired. 5. I always (like) being near water, and for as long as I can remember. 6. Frank wants to fly. He (do) this so many times in his mind that he is beginning to think it really (happen). 7. Life (be) very kind to me. 8. I not (see) fireflies since I (be) a kid. 9.1 (notice) something strange in her lately. 10. We believe you (be) very busy since you (arrive) in New York. 11. Melanie (know) the Hills for donkey's years. 12. After all, Nigel always (be) a bit of a know-it-all. 13. It is quiet in the apartment now that everybody (leave) it. 14. It's strange that they are friends, they never (share) the same interests. 15. "I think you had better leave," he said icily. "Before I really lose my temper. I just (have) enough of you." 16.1 always (want) to look clever, but now at the age of twenty I have to admit that I look like a person who never even (hear) of Jung or Updike. 17. We (see) each other fairly steadily for the past year, and when David (ask) me to marry him, last week, there (seem) no reason to say "no". I (be) very lonely for a very long time. And so (have) David, ever since his wife (die) seven years ago.

Ex. 3

Complete the second sentence so that it follows on from the first. Use the present perfect.

e.g. My hair is tidy now. I've brushed my hair.

1 The door is open. Someone … the door.

2 This is Oliver's drawing, look. Oliver … a picture.

3 The calculator is broken. Someone … the calculator.

4 United are the winners. United … the game.

5 There's no more wine in the bottle. We … all the wine.

6 The floor is clean now. I … the floor.

7 I know my number now. I … my number by heart.

8 The guests are here now. The guests … .

9 I'm still working on the computer. I … with the computer yet.

Ex. 4

Add a sentence. Use the present perfect.

e.g. I'm tired. (I / walk / miles) - I've walked miles.

1. Emma's computer is working now. (she / repair / it)

2. It's cooler in here now. (I / open / the window)

3. The visitors are here at last. (they / arrive)

4. Mark's car isn't blocking us in now. (he / move / it)

5. We haven't got any new videos. (we / watch / all these)

Ex. 5

Trevor and Laura are decorating their house. Put in the verbs. Use the present perfect.

Laura: How is the painting going? (e.g.) Have you finished ? (you / finish) Trevor: No, I haven't. Painting the ceiling is really difficult, you know.

1. … (I / not / do) very much. And it looks just the same as before. This new paint (2)

… (not / make) any difference.

Laura: (3) … (you / not / put) enough on.

Trevor: (4) … (I / hurt) my back. It feels bad.

Laura: Oh, you and your back. You mean (5) … (you / have) enough of decorating. Well, I'll do

it. Where (6) … (you / put) the brush?

Trevor: I don't know. (7) … (it / disappear). (8) … (I / look) for it, but I can't find it.

Laura: You're hopeless, aren't you? How much (9) … (you / do) in here? Nothing! (10) … (I /

paint) two doors.

Trevor: (11) … (I / clean) all this old paint around the window. It looks much better now, doesn't

it? Laura: (12) … (we / make) some progress, I suppose. Now, where (13) … (that brush /

go)?

Oh, (14) … (you / leave) it on the ladder, look.

Ex. 6

Join the beginnings and ends to make pieces of news:

A parachutist has just a baby girl

Lucy has had gone into hospital again

My poor old father has into your garden gate

Polly and Simon have just got married

Some people have bought landed on the roof

Somebody has just crashed lost $ 30 million this year

The firm has the cup again

United have won the house next door

Ex. 7

Add some more information by putting the verb in brackets into the Present Perfect.

Example: He can’t proceed with the experiment because … (he/not find/necessary data) – He can’t proceed with the experiment because he hasn’t found the necessary data.

1. I can’t lend you another hundred dollars because … (you/not pay back/the money borrowed a month ago). 2. I won’t phone Jack because … (he/not come back/from his business). 3. They can afford spending a month in Spain because … (they/save/enough money). 4. I can’t meet the Chairman because … (I/not make/an appointment). 5. I think we can sign the contract now because … (we/discuss/the guarantee clause). 6. They can’t get down to business right now because … (the President of the firm/not come). 7. We can’t start working because … (the subcontractors/not deliver/spare units). 8. Manchester University can’t set up an MBA programme in Warsaw because … (its experts/not explore/the possibilities for it). 9. Now we accept the contract as … (the partners/specify/the terms of supplying raw materials). 10. Coca Cola can’t expand its subsidiaries in India because … (the company/not comply/with the Foreign Exchange Regulation Act).

Ex. 8

Translate into English.

1. — Щось горить! Ой, я знову залишила каструлю на плиті. 2. Є дещо, що я тобі не сказала. 3. – Ти збираєшся заміж за Джона? – Він мені не освідчувався. 4. Вона виглядає старше своїх років. Це недивно після всього того, через що вона пройшла (to be through something). 5. Лист, який вона щойно прочитала, турбує її. 6. Зітріть, будь ласка, слова, які ви написали на дошці. 7. Марина дуже засмучена, тому що провалила екзамен. 8. Він дуже змінився, його важко впізнати. 9. Можу сказати, що я нарешті навчилась правильно працювати на комп’ютері. 10. – Я так розумію, що ви прийшли попрощатися. – Це так. 11. Всі впевнені, що він відіграв головну роль (a key role) в успіху цієї кампанії. 12. Погляди мого дідуся не дуже змінилися протягом низки років. 13. Подивись, що ти зробив! Ти міг би бути обережнішим? 14. Ми ніколи не користувались цим сервізом, хоча він у нас багато років. 15. Я побачив світ і хочу, щоб і ти його побачив. 16. Тепер, коли ти досяг повноліття, ти повинен сам все вирішувати.

Ex. 9

Complete the dialogue. Use the present perfect with just, already and yet.

Vicky: (e.g.) You haven't done your project yet (you / not do / your project / yet), I suppose.

Rachel: No, I haven't. (1) … (I / not / start / it / yet).

Vicky: (2) … (I / just / see / Andrew), and he says (3) … (he / already / do) about half of it.

Rachel: Well, he works too hard.

Vicky: (4) … (I / not / finish / my plan / yet).

Rachel: (5) … (you / already / begin) to worry about it, haven’t you? Take it easy. There's plenty

of time.

Vicky: (6) … (we / already / spend) too long thinking about it. (7) … (I / not / do / any real

work / yet) and (8) … (I / just / realize) that there are only four weeks to the end of term. Rachel: OK. (9) … (I / just / decide) to start next week. Well, maybe.

Ex. 10

Answer the following questions.

1. Have you ever pretended to be ill to get off work or school? 2. Have you ever cheated in an exam? 3. Have you ever ridden a camel or an elephant? 4. Have you ever read your brother's, sister's or friend's letter which was lying around the house? 5. Have you ever hidden anything from your parents? 6. Have you ever taken anything home with you from the hotel? 7. Have you ever travelled without a ticket on public transport? 8. Have you ever told lies and invented stories about yourself to impress other people? 9. Have you ever met any people who could speak Swahili? 10. Have you answered all the questions honestly?

Ex. 11

Complete the expressions:

Since yesterday = for 24 hours For 200 years = since the 18^th century

Since 1980 = for 20 years =

Since Tuesday = for five years =

Since six hours = for the last two hours =

Since my birthday =

Ex 12

Answer the following questions as shown in the examples:

e.g. Can you skate? (three years) - Yes, but I haven't skated for three years.

Could you climb a rope? (I left school) - Yes, I suppose I could, but I haven't climbed one since I left school.

1. Can you play chess? (ten years)

2. Can you sing? (I came to England)

3. Could you milk a cow? (I left my father's farm)

4. Can you put up a tent? (I went camping two years ago)

5. Can you make Yorkshire pudding? (over a year)

6. Can you read Latin? (I left school)

7. Could you bath a baby? (fifteen years)

8. Could you repair a radio? (I left the army)

9. Can you ski? (my last holiday)

10. Can you read a map? (quite a long time)

11. Could you make a basket? (I was in hospital)

12. Can you sew on buttons? (I got married)

13. Can you drive a car? (over six months)

14. Could you take someone's temperature? (years)

15. Can you ride a motor cycle? (I was at the university)

16. Can you row a boat? (1977)

17. Can you paint in oils? (some time)

18 Can you type? (years and years)

Ex. 13

Complete the following sentences by putting in since or for.

A

1. I’ve lived in this town … the last six months. 2. Al’s been on holiday … three days. 3. … Christmas, the weather has been quite mild. 4. Bob and Tina have known each other … two years. 5. That’s a very old car. I’ve had it … ages. 6. They haven’t been all together … the New Year. 7. Tom’s father has been a policeman … 20 years. 8. He has worked in Greece … eight years now. 9. I haven’t seen Caroline … she was promoted. 10. Peter has dreamed to run a company producing computers … 1998. Now his dream’s become true. 11. Nick has stopped working at night … he became short-sighted. 12. There’s been a strike of the airport staff … two days. 13. I’ve had this job … a month. 14. He’s known her … April. 15. She’s been ill … years. 16. I haven’t seen him … ages. 17. I’ve lived here … 1992. 18. He’s been away … a long time. 19. I haven’t slept … two nights.

B

David Jones has been working for the same company … 20 years. He has been a supervisor … 1991 and he quite likes the work, but he has been thinking about changing jobs … he discovered that he has a real talent for garden design. He has been studying garden design part-time … two years and … last month he has been preparing for his final examination. David has been interested in gardening … he was a child and he has known … years that his present job was not the best one for him. He has been much happier … he started the course and … weeks he has been looking forward to the tour that his college has organised. … David started the course, his wife has become interested as well and now they are talking about setting up a business together.

С

1.I haven't met my classmates ... five years. 2. Grandma has had a headache ... the weather changed. 3. They have been in this business … twenty years. 4. It hasn’t rained ... a month. 5. Andrew has been very busy ... the conference began. 6. We've had the same director ... twelve years. 7. He hasn't spoken ... his dog died. 8. My relatives haven't visited me ... quite a long time. 9. Nothing special has happened ... yesterday. 10. I have passed all my exams ... the last six days. 11. They have been up ... early morning. 12. Margie has been unwell ... she came back from the North. 13. Nick has had a beard ... he was forty. 14. Mr. Stone has been our family doctor … ages.

Ex 14

Rephrase the following sentences, using the present perfect tense with for or since:

e.g. I last read a newspaper on June 2. - I haven't read a newspaper since June 2.

It is two years since I saw Tom. - I haven't seen Tom for two years.

1 It's two years since I had a puncture.

2 It's two months since he earned any money.

3 He last shaved the day before yesterday.

4 I last drank champagne at my brother's wedding.

5 It's two years since I was last in Rome.

6 I saw Tom last on his wedding day.

7 I last ate raw fish when I was in Japan.

8 It's years since Mary last spoke French.

9 It's ten weeks since I last had a good night's sleep.

10 He last paid taxes in 1970.

11 I last ate meat five years ago. (Omit ago.)

12 It's three months since the windows were cleaned.

13 It's years since I took any photographs.

Ex. 15

Complete the conversations with the proper verb form and for, since, last.

e.g. Mike: This car is filthy. I haven't been to the car wash for about a year.

Torn: What! You mean it's twelve months since you last went to the car wash?

1 Laura: I haven't used my camera recently. June was the last time I took a photo.

Trevor: Really? I'm surprised you … … June.

2 Rachel: I haven't seen Andrew for weeks.

Daniel: Nor me. It's … … him.

3 Tom: What about a game of cards? We haven't played since your birthday.

David: Really? You mean my birthday … … cards?

4 Emma: I feel terrible. It's three days since I ate anything.

Vicky: What did you say? You … … three days?

Ex. 16

Translate into English.

1. — Скільки грошей ти витратила на цьому тижні? – Я ще не підрахувала. 2. Лікар щойно зателефонував і сказав, що у Насті народилась дитина, хлопчик (a baby boy). 3. – Хто це приймає душ в середині дня? – Це Петро, він сьогодні не пішов на роботу. 4. Фред не курить уже десять років. 5. В цьому році ми скопили не дуже багато грошей. 6. – Це буде велика вечірка? Скільки чоловік ви запросили? – Ми ще не склали список. 7. Це саме те, чого я завжди хотіла. 8. Не дивуйся, врешті наша прабабуся завжди була таємничою. 9. Голівуд завжди притягував талантів (to be a magnet). 10. Ніколи в своєму житті не бачила такого безладу! 11. Ми ніколи не забудемо того, що ви для нас зробили. 12. Чи я говорив тобі останнім часом, як сильно я тебе кохаю? 13. – Як давно ви уже в Україні і що встигли подивитися? – Ми щойно приїхали і бачили Київ з вікна автобуса. 14. За останні декілька років їх стосунки значно покращилися.

Ex. 17

What would you say in these situations? Use time and the present perfect.

e.g. You are watching a cricket match. You have never seen one before. –

This is the first time I've seen a cricket match.

1. You have lost your bank card. It has happened once before.

1. The washing-machine has broken down. This has happened twice before.

2. You are in England for the first time in your life.

4. You are staying in a hotel where you once stayed before.

5. You have missed the bus. You've done the same thing about four times before.

Ex. 18

Complete the conversation. Put in gone or been.

Emma: Hi. Where's Rachel?

Vicky: She's (e.g.) gone to the supermarket to get something for a meal.

Emma: But I've got some chicken for tonight. I've just (1) … to a supermarket on my way

home, that new place near the station.

Natasha: I haven't (2) … to that one yet.

Vicky: Where's Jessica? Isn't she here?

Emma: No, she's (3) … to London. She'll be back tomorrow.

Ex. 19

Fill in the gaps with ’gone to’, ‘been to’ or ‘been in’.

1. Sue has …………… the bank to pay some bills. She’ll be back in an hour. 2. The Miltons have …………… Kenya twice. 3. My brother has …………… Leeds for three months now. 4. Do you know where Mum is? – Yes, she’s …………… the Robinson’s with Dad. 5. Carol’s sister has …………… hospital since Tuesday. 6. I have …………… New York several times, but I haven’t ………….. Atlanta. 7. My boss has ………….. Lisbon for a week, so I’m doing some of his work for him. 8. Martin isn’t here. He has ………… the library to get some books. 9. Martha has …………… the school to pick up the kids. She should be back by 4.00. 10. I have ………… that gallery twice but I haven’t seen the painting you mentioned. 11. She has ………… Paris once.

Ex. 20

Translate into English.

1.Сьогодні ми святкуємо 65-річчя нашого університету і на цей ювілей ми запросили багато закордонних гостей. 2. Я щойно зустрів нашого декана біля приймальні ректора університету. 3. Що сталося, що ти так запізнився на обговорення головного питання? 4. „Де ви збираєтесь відпочивати влітку?” – „Ми ще не вирішили. Ти ж знаєш, ми нещодавно купили новий автомобіль і ще не виплатили весь кредит. Скоріше всього, залишимося дома. А ви?” – „А ми поїдемо до моря: Пітеру в цьому році підвищили зарплату, і ми уже відклали необхідну суму грошей. ” 5. „Я вчора запізнювався на роботу, і Лінда мене підвезла до офісу. ” – „А мене вона ніколи не підвозила!” 6. Сподіваюсь, твоя сестра задоволена, що отримала гарне місце в нашій компанії. 7. Я хочу повідомити, що фірма погодилась на наші умови і підписала контракт. 8. „Ти уже закінчив розробляти свій бізнес-план?” – „Ні ще. Я не можу перейти до останнього розділу плану, так як не найшов необхідних даних. ”

Ex. 21

Replace the infinitives in brackets by the Present Indefinite or the Present Perfect. Translate into Ukrainian.

1. As a rule I (to have) ham and eggs for breakfast, but this time I (to order) an omelette. 2. This is the house where I (to live). I (to live) here since childhood. 3. Once in a week I (to write) letters home, but I (not to write) one this week, so my next letter must be particularly long. 4. No wonder he (to look) tired after the strain under which he (to be) lately. 5. She just (to ask) a porter to carry her bags as they (to be) too heavy for her. 6. Where (to be) your monitor? – She (to go) to the library. 7. I regularly (to see) him every morning at the tramstop, but I (not to see) him these two or three days. 8. It (to be) cold in winter in Moscow, as a rule? – Yes, generally it (to be), but this winter (to be) exceptionally warm. 9. Why you (not to shave) this morning? – I (to shave) every other day. 10. I always (to want) to have a car of my own.

Ex. 22

Use the Present Perfect or the Present Simple in the following clauses of time referring to the future:

1) All right. I’ll come down when I (put) on a fresh collar. 2) When he (be) off duty, he’ll go there. 3) I must know where they are and I will not rest till I (see) them again. 4) ‘No more, she said to the dog, but when I (finish) you may have the bone.’ 5) Go on with your picture. We’ll have a look at it when we (return) from the party. 6) I’ll hand the book over when I (read) it.

7) ‘Has he gone?’ ‘No, he refuses to go till he (see) you.’ 8) I won’t leave you till we (talk) this thing out. 9) Nobody knows we are here. We may stay here till we (die). 10) You won’t think so when you (see) a bit more of it. 11) I’ll lock the door when you (go). 12) When I (wake) I’ll go for a swim. 13) I know that when she (refuse) to help him he’ll make some scene. 14) I’ll come when my guests (go). 15) Please, don’t start watching TV till we (have) supper. 16) You’ll find it lonely here after the sun (set). 17) Look, call him up again when he (finish) eating. 18) You’ll find that you’ll long for home when you (leave) it. 19) I’ll keep it with me till we (decide) what is to be done with it. 20) I’ll give you some paper and brushes and let you make a picture when we (ask) your mother.

Ex. 23

Read the following texts and discuss the two questions given below.

1. I can't cope with Maxim's life, his business, his schedule. He's not a nine-to-five man, and he has never been. He's ambitious, and brilliant at what he does. He is not normal when it comes to work. He is beyond a workaholic, Mother. They haven't invented a name for a person who works the way he does. Around the clock.

2. "Everything looks beautiful, darling," Meredith said as she walked into her daughter's flat. "You've added a few things since I was here last. You've given it a wonderful look, your many new touches have really worked. That painting over there, the lamp, the sculpture in the corner." "Thanks, Mom. Like mother like daughter. I guess I've taken after you. You know, I've become a real 'nester' just as you are."

Questions:

1. Are you a workaholic? Describe your work schedule.

2. Are you a 'nester'? Have you changed anything in your room, flat, house lately? Describe those changes.

Ex. 24

Translate into English.

1. Ніхто ніколи не подавав мені нічого на тарілочці. Все життя мені довелося працювати, як рабу, за все, що у мене є. 2. Мені завжди подобалося готувати. Мама навчила мене робити це. 3. Я хочу віддати тобі дещо. Це було зі мною багато років. 4. ЇЇ робота та її діти стали її цитаделлю. 5. В останні роки у нас було багато втрат і весь цей час ти нам дуже допомагав, Чарльз (to be helpful). 6. Тепер, коли ви всі повернулися додому, я щаслива. 7. Ця п’єса не йшла на Бродвеї з 1990 року. 8. Всі ці роки, що я знаю тебе, ти завжди був моєю правою рукою. 9. Вони поки ще не призначили точну дату церемонії. 10. Моя тітка збирається в Ірландію. Вона ніколи там не бувала. 11. – Ти знову поставила кип’ятити чайник? – Він уже свистить. 12. Ми друзі з того часу, як ходили разом в школу. 13. Моїй мамі не вистачає часу, все життя не вистачало. 14. Борис в лікарні з того часу, як на нього напали. 15. Вони одружені дуже давно і всі ці роки дуже щасливі. 16. Я вірю вам і завжди вірив з того моменту, як ви мене врятували, сер. 17. Лідія не одягала цю cукню з тих пір, як була в ній на випускному вечорі. 18. Я постійний читач цього журналу уже 20 років, і він завжди був дуже корисний для мене. 19. Ми не друзі, але у нас завжди були гарні стосунки. 20. Мені не потрібно морозива. Воно мені ніколи не подобалося.

Ex. 25

Put in the correct verb form. (the Present Perfect or the Past Simple).

e.g. I've done (I / do) all the housework. The flat is really clean now.

A young couple bought (buy) the house next door. But they didn't live there long.

1. Our visitors … (arrive). They're sitting in the garden.

2. There's still a problem with the television. Someone … (repair) it, but then it broke down again.

3. … (I / lose) my bank card. I can't find it anywhere. 4.The match … (start). United are playing well.

5. My sister … (run) away from home. But she came back two days later.

6. Daniel … (earn) some money last week. But I'm afraid he's already spent it all.

7. … (we / plant) an apple tree in the garden. Unfortunately it died. 8. Prices … (go) up. Everything is more expensive this year.

9. Someone … (turn) on the hi-fi. What's that song called?

10. … (I / phone) the office at eleven to speak to the manager, but he isn't there today.

11. … (I / make) a cake. Would you like a piece?

12. The runner Amos Temila … (break) the world record for the 1500 metres in Frankfurt. Then two days later in Helsinki, Lee Williams ran it in an even faster time.

Ex. 26

Things that have happened today are on the radio and TV news. Give the news using the present perfect and past simple.

e.g. the Prime Minister / visit Luton University / speak to students there / earlier today

The Prime Minister has visited Luton University. He spoke to students there earlier today.

1. the train drivers / go on strike / stop work / at twelve o'clock

2. the Queen / arrive in Toronto / fly there / in an RAF aircraft

3. two men / escape from Parkhurst Prison / get away / during the night

4. the actor Howard Bates / die in a car accident / his car / crash into a wall

5 Linda Jones / win the women's marathon / run it / in 2 hours 27 minutes

Ex. 27

Complete this letter to a newspaper. Put in the present perfect or past simple.

A few days ago I e.g. learned (learn) that someone plans to knock down the White Horse Inn. This pub e.g. has been (be) the centre of village life for centuries. It (1) … (stand) at our crossroads for 500 years. It (2) … (be) famous in the old days, and Shakespeare once (3) … (stay) there, they say. I (4) … (live) in Brickfield all my life. The villagers (5) … (know) about the plans for less than a week and already there's a 'Save Our Pub' campaign. Last week we (6) … (be) happy, but this week we're angry. We will stop them, you'll see.

Ex. 28

Use the Past Simple or the Present Perfect to complete the following sentences.

1. Jimmy (already/to see) that film. He (to see) it when he was in Bath. 2. “You know those young trees we (to plant)? They (to die).” – “You probably (not to water) them enough.” 3. I (to buy) a new tie last week, but I (not to wear) it yet. 4. “Mummy! Look what I (to do)!” – “Oh, my God! What (you/to do) that for?” 5. Peter (to live) in Greece for the last three years. 6. I just (to have) my lunch. I (to finish) eating five minutes ago. 7. “I’m sorry. I (to break) a cup.” - “How (you/to manage) to do that?” 8. “ … you ever (to speak) to him?” – “Yes, I (to speak) to him before the party.” 9. Sam (never/to play) rugby in his life, but he (to play) football when he was at school. 10. “When (you/to meet) Mr. Smith?” – “I (to meet) him the day before yesterday.” 11. Joanna (to make) five mistakes so far today. Yesterday she (to make) only three mistakes altogether. 12. At the 1980 Winter Olympics, one company (to sell) snow. 13. “Alice (to buy) a new car recently.” – “Really? Where (she/to get) the money?” 14. “Look! I (to find) a ten-pound note!” – “It’s probably mine. Where (you/to find) it?” 15. Jeans sales (to drop) in Brazil. 16. The past Olympics hosts in Norway (to spend) a lot of money. Potential ticket buyers (to send) their money last June. The committee (to distribute) the tickets in May. 17. The profits of the company in the second quarter (to fall) 85%. 18. When the 1994 Olympics were held, many small businesses (to use) the Olympic symbol on their goods. 19. I think John (to get) the job he (to apply) for. 20. We (to start) the advertising campaign hast month and since then the sales (to increase). 21. We (to sign) the contract three months ago, but the work (not to begin) yet. 22. This year’s committee of the corporation’s directors (to predict) a surplus. 23. According to yesterday’s newspapers, astronomers in Australia (to discover) a planet in a galaxy close to our own. 24. To help today’s customers make a choice, a company in New York (to develop) a video trolley – a supermarket trolley with a video screen advertisements and price information. 25. At the start of his career, Cousteau (to invent) the aqualung, opening the oceans to explorers, scientists, and leisure divers. 26. He proudly told reporters that the company (to produce) software to prevent the recent increase in computer crime. 27. John Grigg (to discover) the comet now called Grigg-Skjellerup, at the beginning of the 20^th century.

Ex. 29

Some of these sentences are correct, and some have a word which should not be there. If the sentence is correct, put a tick ( ). If it is incorrect, cross the unnecessary have or has out of the sentence and write it in the space.

e.g. Susan has lost her keys. She can't find them anywhere.

Christopher has hurt his hand, but it's OK now. has

1. The directors have arrived half an hour ago, but they didn't stay long. ____

2. It's raining, and Peter has left his umbrella behind, look. ____

3. It's a long time since your friends have last visited us. ____

4. None of you have called me for weeks. Aren't we friends any more? ____

5. We can play tennis now. The others have finished. ____

6. The company has bought some land, but then it sold it. ____

7. The computer isn't on now. Someone has turned it off. ____

8. Tessa has posted the parcel. It's on its way to you. ____

9. Several bombs have gone off in the city centre. It has happened an hour ago. ____

10. Simon has left. He and Oliver have left after lunch. ____

Ex. 30

Choose a verb with either the Present Perfect or Past Simple for these sentences.

agree appear continue disappear move reach show solve write

1. Research ……… that cycling can help patients overcome their illnesses.

2. The rabbit just ……… in my garden one day last week.

3. With this promotion, I feel that I ……… a turning point in my career.

4. Oh, no! My car ………!

5. Quite early in the negotiations, they ……… to lower the prices.

6. In 1788 he ……… his last great work in Vienna.

7. There’s not much more to do, now that we ……… the main problem.

8. Throughout the summer of 1980 Malcolm ……… to divide his time between London and New York.

9. When he was 13, his parents ……… to the United States.

Ex. 31

Answer the following questions:

1. Have you ever been to the Crimea? When were you there last? 2. Have you read anything by Dickens? Which of his novels did you read when a child? Have you read any of his novels lately? 3. Have you ever been to the theatre? What performances have you seen there? When were you there last? What did you see? 4. Have you ever traveled by air? When did you fly for the first time? 5. Have you written any composition this month? When did you write it? What mark have you got for it? 6. Have you taken any pictures this year? Was it in spring or in summer? Have you already developed the films? 7. How long have you lived in this city? When did you come to live here? 8. Have you ever tried your hand at translation? How much has passed since your first translation was published? Were you a success?

Ex. 32

Put a ☑ or correct the sentences. Mind the use of the Present Perfect and the Past Indefinite tenses.

1. Terry drove to Glasgow last week to visit his father.

2. I have known a woman once who had sixteen cats.

3. Ann Baker already did four radio interviews about her new book.

4. Julia felt hungry. Then she has remembered the salad in the fridge.

5. I’ll introduce you to Dr. Davies – or have you met her before?

6. We’ve had enormous problems recently with ants in the kitchen. We just can’t rid of them.

7. I have talked to her yesterday about doing the work.

8. They still live in the small house they have bought 30 years ago.

9. You have not yet explained clearly what you want me to do.

10. We lived in Newcastle for three years now and like it a lot.

Ex. 33

Look at each conversation and choose the best sentence, a) or b).

e.g. Have you heard about the woman walking across the US? ~ Yes, she's reached the Rockies. a) The walk is continuing, b) The walk has finished.

1. Have you ever played beach volleyball? ~ Yes, we played it on holiday. a) The holiday is still going on. b) The holiday is over.

2. Did you know old Mr Green? ~ No, I never met him.

a) Mr Green is probably alive, b) Mr Green is probably dead.

3 Wayne Johnson is a great footballer. ~ Yes, he's scored 200 goals for United.

a) Wayne Johnson still plays for United. b) Wayne Johnson has left United.

Ex. 34

Choose one of these verbs and write Have you ever … or Did you ever … at the beginning of these questions.

be eat have hear learn meet talk think

1. Have you ever been in a cave? 2. ………… durian (a fruit) when you lived in Malaysia? 3. ………… somebody really famous? 4. ………… what it must be like to be a cat? 5. ………… to play a musical instrument as a child? 6. ………… to Michael when you worked in the same company? 7. ………… a song called ‘Close to the Edge’? 8. ………… a pet when you were young?

Ex. 35

Translate into English.

1. – Де Петренко? Чому він не прийшов до університету? Я його сьогодні не бачила. Боюсь, що він захворів. – Ви помиляєтесь. Петренко тут. Він щойно пішов на лекцію. Але ви не можете з ним зараз поговорити, так як лекція уже почалась.

2. В цьому році ми багато читали. Ми прочитали декілька англійських книг в оригіналі. Я завжди любила англійську літературу. Я завжди була шанувальницею Байрона і Шеллі. Чи добре ви знаєте англійську літературу ХХ століття? – Я читала майже всі твори Голсуорсі, Моема, Кроніна. Романи Гріна я, на жаль, читала тільки російською мовою.

3. Ви були на виставці картин Реріха? – Так, я була там декілька разів. Я завжди цікавилась творчістю цього художника. Я ніколи не бачила нічого прекраснішого його пейзажів.

Ex. 36

Complete the sentences correctly:

This is the first time I (see this film).

That’s the eighth time you (sing that song).

This is the only time this week I (feel happy).

This is the third serious mistake you (make) in this job.

This is the only time I (ever see) you cry.

That’s the tenth cup of coffee you (drink) since breakfast.

It’s the first time all the family (be together) since Sue’s wedding.

This is the best meal I (eat) this year.

‘Excuse me.’ ‘That’s the first thing you (say) to me all day.’

These are the first clothes I (buy) myself since Christmas.

Ex. 37

Choose the correct tense (the Present Perfect or the Past Simple):

1) I (see) much of Al lately. 2) ‘Who’s she?’ ‘I never (see) her before.’ 3) I (do) a lot of stupid things in my life. 4) She (leave) school last year. 5) When you (get) married? 6) I’m sorry. I (not finish) yet. 7) I often (wonder) what he does for a living. 8) He (catch) the plane at eight this morning. 9) I (read) a lot of her books when I was at school. 10) (see) you any good films recently? 11) You (be) a beautiful baby. 12) I (not read) her latest book. 13) You (visit) India? 14) My great-grandmother (live) in Glasgow. 14) Columbus (not discover) America: the Indians already (know) where it was. 15) Amazing news! Scientists (discover) a new planet! 16) Who (give) Shakespeare his first job? 17) How many times you (be) in love? 18) I never (enjoy) a holiday as much as this one. 19) ‘you (hear) the thunder?’ ‘No, nothing wakes me up.’

Ex. 38

Put the bracketed expressions into the sentences and choose the correct tenses:

1) I (like) sport. (always). 2) I’m sorry for her. She (have) bad luck. (all her life). 3) I (want) to be a doctor. (until I was 15). 4) He (be) unemployed. (ever since he left school). 5) You (live) in this town? (how long). 6) I not (work) very hard. (when I was at university). 7) He was ill before Christmas, but he (be) fine. (since then). 8) I (have) trouble sleeping. (all this week). 9) I (have) trouble sleeping. (all last week). 10) I (learn) a lot. (in this job). 11) I (not learn) much. (in that job). 12) My boyfriend and I (know) each other. (for ages). 13) He (live) in Durban. (for a year before he got married). 14) I (spend) three days in hospital. (last month).

Ex. 39

Choose the correct tense form:

1) I (play) a lot of tennis this year.

2) She (have) six different jobs since she left school.

3) He (run) away from school three times when he was 14.

4) How many cups of coffee you (drink) today?

5) In those days, Andrew (come) to stay with us most weekends.

6) Shakespeare (write) poems as well as plays.

7) Since my brother lost his job, he (write) two books.

8) I’m not cooking today – I (cook) all the meals yesterday. In fact, I (cook) most of the meals this week.

9) Would you believe I (make) 23 phone calls today?

10) Our team are rubbish. They just (lose) 8 games one after the other.

Ex. 40

Replace the infinitives in brackets by the Present Perfect, the Present Indefinite or the Past Indefinite. Translate into Ukrainian.

1. You ever (to be) to this picture gallery? – Yes, I (to visit) it once when a youth, and the pictures (to make) a great impression on me. Since then I (not to be) here. 2. You already (to see) the new film? – Yes, I (to manage) to see it yesterday. I (to go) to the cinema in the evening and (to get) two tickets quite easily. 3. You always (to draw) books from our library? – Yes, as a rule, I (to draw). Last year I (to go) to another library but I (not to find) it as good as this one. I (to draw) books from here for some 10 months already. 4. I (not to see) anything of Jane lately. When you (to see) her last? – I (to meet) her two days ago. I (to think) that she (to change) very much. 5. You (to have dinner) already? – No, not yet. The waitress (to take) my order 15 minutes ago and (not to bring) me anything yet. 6. You ever (to see) Ruslana dance and sing? – Oh yes,I (not to miss) a single concert with her. I (to watch) always. She (to be) not only a splendid singer and dancer, but a good actress as well. 7. You (to bring) your bathing suit with you? – Yes, I am going to show how much I (to improve) since last summer. I (to take) some swimming lessons lately. Now it (to be) for you to judge if I (to make) any progress. 8. Where you (to get) this fine new bicycle from? – My parents (to give) it to me as a birthday present. – Let us go cycling this afternoon. I (to find) some really nice places in the vicinity. 9. The Egyptian civilization (to be) the oldest which (to leave) us art. It (to begin) about five thousand years ago. The story of Egyptian art (to cover) three thousand years and (to include) the art of different periods.

Ex. 41

Translate into English using the Present or the Past Indefinite, the Present Continuous or the Present Perfect.

1. Ви мене перебили, і тепер я не пам’ятаю, на чому я зупинився. 2. Я дуже радий, що він погодився з нашою пропозицією. 3. Ми щойно продали останній екземпляр цієї книги. Шкода, що ви раніше нам не сказали, що вона вам потрібна. 4. Ви даремно згаяли час на переклад цієї статті; вона не викликає зацікавлення. 5. Він ніколи не втручався в мої справи, і я йому за це вдячний. 6. Його ніяк не можна було назвати цікавим (curious), хоча він завжди охоче вислуховував інших, але сам майже ніколи не ставити запитань. 7. Ваш товариш уже розповів мені, в чому справа, і я думаю, що зможу допомогти вам. 8. Я не запитував його ні про що; він сам мені все розповів. 9. Він щойно телефонував на вокзал і дізнався, що поїзд ще не прийшов. 10. Я дізнався ваш телефон в довідковому бюро і телефонував вам декілька разів, але ніхто не відповідав. 11. Екзаменатори прийшли чверть години тому і викликали трьох студентів. 12. Екзаменатори уже прийшли; три студенти уже готуються відповідати. 13. Дощ уже перестав, і люди йдуть без плащів і парасольок. 14. Я ніколи не забуду вашу доброту. Ви завжди були такі уважні до мене. 15. Коли ми були студентами, ми завжди допомагали один одному. 16. Я знаю його багато років; він завжди був мені гарним товаришем. 17. Дуже радий з вами познайомитися. Я стільки чув про вас і давно хотів з вами зустрітися. 18. Де ви дістали цей чудовий килим? – Він у мене з тих пір, як я переїхав на цю квартиру. (Він у мене з тих пір, як я живу на цій квартирі.)