- •U n I t 13
- •Reading drills
- •1. Practise the pronunciation of the following words:
- •Comments
- •Vocabulary exercise
- •II. Match the synonyms:
- •III. Complete the following sentences:
- •IV. Match each term in Column a with its definition in Column b:
- •V. Define which of the following items best completes the statement:
- •VII. Answer the following questions:
- •VIII. Translate into English:
- •Reading drills
- •1. Practise the pronunciation of the following words:
- •Comments
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •II. Complete the following sentences:
- •III. Combine the sentences by using «not only», «but also».
- •IV. Say whether these statements are true or false and if they are
- •V. Answer the following questions:
- •VI. Retell the text b using the following words and
- •Reading drills
- •1. Practise the pronunciation of the following words:
- •Comments
- •Vocabulary exercises
- •I. Give the Ukrainian equivalents for the following words and word-combinations. Use them in the sentences of your own:
- •II. Translate the sentences paying attention to the italicized words:
- •III. Fill in the blanks below with the most appropriate terms from
- •IV. Match each term in Column a with its definition in Column b:
- •V. Define which of the following items best completes the statement:
- •VII. Answer the following questions:
- •VIII. Translate into English:
- •Communicative situations
- •Grammar exercises The Objective Infinitive Complex.
- •I. Change the following sentences according to the pattern:
- •II. Paraphrase the following sentences so as to use the Objective
- •Infinitive Complex:
- •III. Translate into Ukrainian:
- •IV. Translate into English:
- •V. Translate into Ukrainian:
- •VI. Translate into English:
- •VII. Open the brackets, using the Objective Infinitive Complex:
- •VIII. Translate into Ukrainian:
- •IX. Translate into English:
- •The Subjective Infinitive Complex.
- •Instead of the Objective Infinitive Complex:
- •XI. Fill in the blanks using the correct form of the Infinitive:
- •XIII. Translate into Ukrainian:
- •XIV. Translate into English:
- •II. Transform the sentences using the Objective or Subjective
- •Infinitive Complexes:
- •III. Translate into English:
II. Match the synonyms:
chiefly, to compensate, unskilled labour, to operate, mainly, to make up, to require, common labour, to increase, to manage, occupation, to grow, salary, job, to demand, wages, profession, work.
III. Complete the following sentences:
1. In order for any country to grow, ... . 2. Since the size of this force is related to total population ... . 3. If the growth of population continues to decline, ... . 4. There are four major categories of labour ... . 5. Unskilled workers don’t have the training ... . 6. Semiskilled workers may operate ... . 7. Skilled workers are able ... . 8. Workers with high level skills such as ... . 9. Most occupations have ... .
IV. Match each term in Column a with its definition in Column b:
Column A Column B
1. labour |
a. The price paid for the use of labour. |
2. labour force |
b. A standard amount of pay given for work performed. |
3. craft workers |
c. Associations of workers formed to promote the interests of their members. |
4. laborer |
d. The human effort required to produce goods and services. |
5. wages |
e. One of a wide variety of highly skilled workers such as carpenters, machinists, electricians and automobile mechanics. |
6. wage rate |
f. Generally refers to unskilled workers such as freight handlers, sweepers, trash collectors and the like. |
7. labour/trade unions |
g. Individuals, 16 years of age or older, working or looking for work. |
V. Define which of the following items best completes the statement:
1. Labour, to the economist, is
a. organizing a business and managing the operation.
b. anything generally accepted in exchange for property, goods or services.
c. the physical or mental effort needed to produce goods and services.
d. owned, with the other factors of production, by the company using it.
2. Women in the American labour force
a. generally do not produce as much as men.
b. are poorly trained.
c. are only a small percentage of the total.
d. earn less, on the average, than men.
3. Of the following, which is probably not officially included in
the labour force?
a. Computer programmer.
b. Teacher.
c. Unemployed carpenter.
d. Retired steel worker.
VI. Fill in the blanks with prepositions or adverbs if necessary:
1. In order ... any country to grow, it must have a large and skilled labour force. 2. ... the size ... this force is related ... total population the number ... people available ... production activities will grow ... the population grows. 3. If the growth ... population continues to decline, it eventually affect ... the growth ... the labour force. 4. However a labour shortage could be made up ... workers ... other countries. 5. There are four major categories ... labour that are based ... the general level ... skills needed to do any kind ... job. 6. Most ... these people work chiefly ... their hands ... such jobs as digging ditches, picking fruit, etc. 7. Workers who have mechanical abilities fall ... the category ... semiskilled labour. 8. Workers who can do their tasks ... little ... supervisions fall ... the category ... skilled labour. 9. Most ... occupations have wage rate — a standard amount ... pay given ... work performed.