- •Т.В. Барамикова, л.П. Ільєнко, т.С. Макарська, м.В. Рогачова, н.Д. Ганчик, к.Б. Кугай, і.О. Нікіфорова, а.В. Спіжова Practical course of English
- •А.Е. Левицький
- •Н.М. Нестеренко
- •І.В. Каташинська
- •Передмова
- •Introduction
- •Recording by own voice
- •2. Read and translate the following text:
- •I am a student of the Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design
- •3. Find the answers to the questions:
- •4. Complete the sentences:
- •5. Match the English words with their Ukrainian equivalents:
- •6. True or false statements:
- •III Grammar skills.
- •1. Choose the correct form:
- •2. Complete the sentences with:
- •3. Put the words into the correct word order:
- •4. Match the question words and answers:
- •5. Ask questions to which the following sentences are the answers:
- •6. Translate into English:
- •IV Communicative skills.
- •2. Speak on the following situations:
- •V Rendering.
- •1. Read the text and translate it using a dictionary. My family
- •2. Make up a plan in the form of questions.
- •II Reading skills.
- •1. An ancient city древнє, стародавнє місто
- •2. Read and translate the following text: Kyiv
- •3. Find the answers to the questions:
- •III Grammar Skills.
- •7. Use either the Simple Present or the Present Progressive of the verbs in brackets:
- •8. Translate into English:
- •9. Ask questions to the following answers:
- •IV Communicative Skills.
- •2. Make up dialogues according to the model:
- •V Rendering.
- •A letter to a friend
- •2. Make up a plan of the text in the form of questions.
- •The Present Progressive Tense
- •Вживання The Present Progressive Tense
- •2. Read and translate the text. Ukraine is my Homeland
- •4. Match the words:
- •III Grammar skills.
- •4. Complete the sentences with the verb “to write” in the appropriate form:
- •7. Make 16 pronouns and translate them:
- •9. Make sentences using when and the Past Continuous or the Past Simple of
- •10. Translate into English:
- •IV Communicative skills.
- •2. Make up a plan in the form of questions.
- •Contraction
- •The Past Progressive (Continuous) Tense
- •1. Form
- •Похідні від some, any, no
- •Used to
- •II Reading skills.
- •1. Read and remember:
- •2. Read and translate the following text:
- •Introducing London
- •3. Find the answers to the questions:
- •2. Open the brackets using the Present Perfect or the Past Simple Tense and translate
- •3. Complete the sentences using the proper degree of comparison of adjectives:
- •IV Communicative skills.
- •1. Read the dialogues and reproduce them:
- •2. Speak on the following situations:
- •V Rendering.
- •1. Read the text and translate it using a dictionary: Getting about London
- •2. Make up a plan of the text in the form of questions.
- •Present Perfect / Past Indefinite
- •Degrees of Comparison of Adjectives
- •3. Find the answers to the questions:
- •4. Match the words:
- •5. True or false statements:
- •III Grammar skills.
- •1. Choose the correct form:
- •2. Complete the sentences:
- •3. Put the words into correct word order:
- •4. Ask questions to which the following sentences are the answers:
- •5. Choose the correct form:
- •6. Translate into English:
- •IV Communicative skills.
- •1. Read the dialogues and reproduce them:
- •2. Make a plan in the form of questions.
- •Possessive case
- •Утворення
- •3. Find the answers to the questions:
- •4. Ask questions оn the points below and answer them:
- •5. Get ready to speak about the following:
- •6. Complete the sentences using the prepositions against, at, bу, for, in, оn, of, to where necessary:
- •7. Match the sentence parts:
- •III Grammar skills.
- •1. Add "the " in the spaces where necessary:
- •2. Choose the correct form:
- •3. Complete the sentences:
- •4. Ask questions to which the following sentences are the answers:
- •5. Put the words into correct word order:
- •6. Transform sentences into exclamations:
- •7. Translate into English:
- •IV Communicative skills.
- •1. Read the dialogues and reproduce them:
- •2. Complete the dialogue:
- •V Rendering.
- •1. Read the text and translate it using a dictionary: Who rules the country?
- •2. Make up a plan in the form of questions.
- •The Future Simple Tense
- •Exclamation sentences
- •II Reading skills.
- •1. Read and remember:
- •2. Read and translate the following text: canada
- •3. Find the answers to the following questions:
- •4. Match the words:
- •III Grammar skills.
- •1. Translate into Ukrainian:
- •2. Choose the correct form: can, be able to, must, had to, could, may, be allowed to.
- •IV Communicative skills.
- •2. Make up a plan of the text in the form of questions.
- •4. Listen to the text once again and answer the questions:
- •Can, may, must and their equivalents
- •Prepositions
- •3. Answer the following questions:
- •2. Complete the sentences by filling in the blanks:
- •3. Put the verb in brackets in an appropriate tense form:
- •4. Put the verb into the correct form:
- •5. Ask questions to which the following statements are the answers:
- •IV Communicative skills.
- •1. Read the dialogues and reproduce them.
- •2. Speak on the following situations:
- •V Rendering.
- •1. Read the text and translate it using a dictionary:
- •2. Make up a plan of the text in the form of questions.
- •Future Perfect
- •Questions
- •Question words
- •Tag – questions or Disjunctive questions.
- •I Phonetic skills.
- •II Reading skills.
- •Higher Education in Ukrainian Educational System
- •III Grammar skills.
- •IV Communicative Skills.
- •V Rendering.
- •Higher Education in the usa
- •VI Comprehensive skills.
- •2. Listen to the text ‘Higher Education: Universities in Great Britain’ and try to understand it.
- •3. True or false sentences:
- •I Phonetic skills.
- •Light industry as it was and as it is
- •III Grammar skills.
- •1. Choose the correct form: active or passive.
- •2. Transform the following sentences from Active into Passive Voice.
- •3. Transform the following sentences from Passive into Active Voice.
- •4. Complete the sentences with by or with.
- •6. Put the verb into the correct form: Active or Passive Voice.
- •2. Speak on the following situations:
- •V Rendering
- •Information technologies in manufacturing
- •2. Make up a plan of the text in a form of questions.
- •Unit 11
- •Grammar: The Infinitive and the Infinitive constructions
- •I Phonetic skills.
- •1. Listen and repeat:
- •II Reading skills.
- •Engineering and Technological Progress
- •IV Communicative skills.
- •2) (Reading for an examination)
- •3) (At the examination)
- •V Rendering.
- •Automation
- •VI Comprehensive skills.
- •2. Listen to the text “My future speciality” and try to understand it.
- •3. True or False statements:
- •The Infinitive
- •The functions of The Infinitive
- •Предикативні інфінітивні звороти
- •3. Infinitive Construction introduced by the preposition for.
- •3. Find the answers to the questions:
- •4. Complete the sentences:
- •5. Match the words:
- •6. True or false statements:
- •III Grammar skills.
- •2. Complete the sentences:
- •3. Put the words into correct word order:
- •4. Join the sentences using Participle I:
- •5. Choose the correct form:
- •6. Define the form of the gerund, using the table and translate the sentences:
- •IV Communicative skills
- •2. Make up a plan in the form of questions.
- •The form and functions of Participle II
- •I have my shoes mended in that shop. – я ремонтую туфлі у цій майстерні.
- •The Gerund
- •Unit 13
- •3. Find the answers to the questions:
- •4. Complete the sentences:
- •5. Match the words that go together:
- •III Grammar Skills.
- •IV Communicative Skills.
- •V Rendering.
- •On the importance of the conference
- •VI Comprehensive Skills.
- •3. True or false statements:
- •Direct and Reported Speech
- •Unit 14
- •I Phonetic skills.
- •1. Listen and repeat:
- •2. Listen and remember the following words and phrases:
- •II Reading skills.
- •1. Read and remember:
- •2. Read and translate the following text. What is the Internet?
- •3. Find the answers to the questions:
- •2. Put the verb into correct form Present Real or Present Unreal Conditional:
- •3. Transform the sentences using conditionals:
- •4. Complete the sentences in your own way using conditionals:
- •5. Translate into English:
- •IV Communicative skills.
- •1. Read the dialogues and reproduce them:
- •2. Arrange the utterances from the conversations in the logical order:
- •VI Comprehensive skills.
- •1. “If” показує, що ми не впевнені, чи відбудеться дія. “when” підкреслює типовість та регулярність дії.
- •3. Find the answers to the questions:
- •2. Choose the correct form of the verb:
- •3. Put the words in the sentences into correct word order:
- •4. Ask questions to which the following sentences are the answers:
- •5. Translate into English:
- •IV Communicative skills.
- •1. Read the dialogues and reproduce them:
- •V Rendering.
- •1. Read the text and translate it using a dictionary: Ecological Problems
- •2. Make up a plan of the text in the form of questions.
- •Compound sentences
- •Фонетичний довідник
- •Англійський алфавіт
- •Читання голосних Загальна характеристика голосних
- •Читання приголосних
- •Приголосні фонеми
- •Тексти для позакласного читання the english language
- •Why are many English words pronounced differently from the way they are spelt?
- •Kyivo-pecherska lavra
- •Museum of great patriotic war
- •Babyn yar
- •St. Sophia's cathedral
- •Andriyivsky descent
- •Folk architecture and life museum pyrohovo
- •St. Michael's golden-domed cathedral
- •Khreschatyk
- •City of London
- •Palace of westminster
- •Clock tower, palace of westminster
- •Trafalgar square
- •British museum
- •Parliament of the United Kingdom
- •Buckingham Palace
- •St Paul's Cathedral
- •Why do the British like going to the pub?
- •What is the most popular food in Britain?
- •What are the most common superstitions in Britain?
- •How do the British spend their leisure time?
- •How are the police organised?
- •When can the police carry guns?
- •What is the oldest university in Britain?
- •What are Britain's national costumes?
- •What is haggis?
- •Is it true that a lot of British dishes are named after places?
- •At what age do children go to school in Britain?
- •What are the different types of secondary school?
- •Why are ‘public’ schools so called?
- •Why does the Queen have two birthdays?
- •Why the heir to the throne is called the Prince of Wales?
- •How should one address someone with a title?
- •What powers does the Queen have?
- •Privy Council
- •Why doesn’t Britain have a written constitution?
- •What was the Magna Carta?
- •Why are Ambassadors sent to the Court of St. James’s?
- •How does Britain elect its government?
- •Devolution to Scotland and Wales
- •What are the origins of the names of the main political parties?
- •How is the Speaker chosen?
- •What is a ‘whip’ in Parliament?
- •Washington
- •American originals
- •Living in the usa
- •Canadian ways
- •Toronto
- •Ukrainians in canada
- •Australia. Land and people
- •People and culture
- •Aborigines
- •Australian ways
- •New zealand. Land and people
- •New zealand. Customs and traditions
- •Customs and traditions
- •Cambridge
- •American universities
- •Engineering as a profession
- •Fashion designers
- •Designer
- •Costume designer
- •Graphic design
- •Christian Dior Fashion Designer (1905-1957)
- •Coco Chanel
- •The 1st international scientific practical conference "artificial intelligence - 2000" september 11-16, 2000 katsiveli (crimea, ukraine)
- •The expocentre of ukraine
- •"Fabrics. Threads. Accessories"
- •Fta exhibition
- •Bbc world service
- •Prehistory of technologies
- •Tomas edison
- •Internet
- •History of the Internet
- •Internet café
- •Bill Gates
- •Balance of Nature
- •The Problem of pollution in Ukraine
- •Recycling
- •Англо-український словник a
- •Барамикова Тетяна Василівна
Читання приголосних
Чіткість артикуляції глухих звуків в англійській мові більша, ніж в українській. Наприклад: bag, cat, map, very, box.
Приголосні фонеми
|
Приголосна або сполучення приголосних |
Вимова і правила читання |
Транскрип-ційні позначення |
приклад | |
|
Альвеолярні t, d, n, l
b
c
cc
ch
ck
g
dg
gh
gn
h
wh
n
ng
qu
s
ss
sc
sh
sі
-sion
-sten
-sure
р
ph
th
ti
-ture
w
x
y
еу |
Звук, близький до українського б. Не вимовляється в сполученнях mb, bt перед голосними a, o, u перед голосним e, i, y перед і + голосний у ненаголошеному
положенні перед a, o, u
перед е, і
у словах грецького походження
у словах французького походження
відповідає українському к
перд голосними a, o, u і наприкінці слів
перед голосними e, i, y
у словах французького походження
наприкінці слів
не вимовляється після і
не вимовляється після au, ou перед t
наприкінці деяких слів g не вимовляється на початку і наприкінці слова
зустрічається перед голосними.
Не вимовляється в таких словах:
h не вимовляється у буквосполученні wh перед голосними, за винятком о
не вимовляється наприкінці слів у буквосполученні mn
у середині слова вимовляється; вимовляється як носовий звук [ŋ] наприкінці слів
у наголошеному складі
у ненаголошеному складі перед німою e
у суфіксах -sure, -sion та деяких словах
не вимовляється у словах:
після наголошеного голосного перед – ual у середині слова
наприкінці слів
після звуків [s], [z], [∫], [Ʒ], [t∫], [ks], [ʤ]
перед e, i, y,
у ненаголошеному складі, перед голосним
після наголошеного голосного
у решті випадків
не вимовляється на початку слова у буквосполученнях pn, ps, pt
на початку слів грецького походження
позначається глухий та дзвінкий приголосні звуки
у ненаголошеному складі перед голосним
у ненаголошеному складі
не вимовляється в сполученні wr
після наголошеного голосного перед наголошеним голосним
наприкінці слова в ненаголошеному складі
у закритому складі у словах грецького походження
наприкінці слова в ненаголошеному складі |
[t] [d] [n] [l]
[b]
[k] [s] [ʃ]
[k]
[ks]
[k]
[ʃ]
[k]
[g]
[ʤ]
[Ʒ]
[ʤ]
[f]
[n]
[h]
[w]
[n]
[ŋg]
[ŋ]
[kw]
[k]
[ʃ]
[Ʒ]
[z]
[s]
[ız]
[s]
[∫]
[∫]
[Ʒn]
[∫n]
[sn]
[Ʒə] [∫ə]
[f]
[Ө] [ð]
[∫]
[t∫ə]
[ks]
[gz]
[ı]
[ı]
[ı] |
take, desk, pen, like
bad, board, rubber, bomb, dumb, debt, doubt, subtle
calculate, cut, correct century, cinema, cycle social, spacious
tobacco, account, accumulate success, succinct
school, technic, architect, character
machine, chauffer, parachute
black, clock, ticket
game, go, gun, smog, dog
German, region
garage, regime, prestige
bridge, edge
night, high, might, weight
caught, bought
laugh, enough, rough
gnaw, foreign, sign, campaign
hen, hair, here
hour, honour, rhyme, rhythm
where, when, why; who, whom
no, night, nine; autumn, damn, solemn, hymn
English, England
long, thing, sing, speaking
quite, quarter, liquid, frequent
technique, unique, pique
pressure, profession, sure, sugar
island, aisle, corps
usual, visual
possess, dessert
pass, confess
passes, buzzes, dashes, catches, bridges, foxes
science, scene, scythe
she, finish
Asia, Persia, Russia
division, vision, collision
mission, session
listen, fasten
measure, treasure pressure, fissure
pneumonia, psychology
physics, photo, phonetics
thick, theme, teeth this, together
initial, ratio, potential
future, nature, picture, feature write, wrong, two, answer
export, exersice, except
exist, example, examine
city, any
symbol, system
money, monkey | |
На відміну від української мови приголосні в англійській мові перед голосними переднього ряду [ı], [ı:], [e] та [æ] не пом’якшуються. Наприклад; did, deed, dead, dad.
В англійській мові кінцеві дзвінкі приголосні не оглушуються, оскільки дзвінкість та глухість кінцевих звуків є засобом розрізнення змісту. Наприклад: bag – back, sad – sat, lead – let, dug – duck, nod – not, pig – pick, said – set.
Подвоєні приголосні передають один звук. Наприклад: call, sell, mass, dress.
Додаток 3