Работа над текстом
Упражнение 1. Прочтите текст, пользуясь словарем.
Упражнение 2. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты для следующих слов и словосочетаний:
Правоохранительные органы (law enforcement agencies), природный инстинкт (natural instinct), кинолог (проводник) (handler), охотиться (преследовать) (to hunt), образцы (sample), награда (reward), похвала (praise), понимать (интерпретировать), командная работа (teamwork), обнаруживать наркотики (to find drugs), гашиш (cannabis), кокаин (cocaine), героин (heroin), оружие (firearm), боеприпасы (ammunitions), взрывчатые вещества (explosives), грузовой автотранспорт (cargo motor transport), суда (vessels), самолеты (aircraft), оборудование (equipment), заменить (to replace).
Упражнение 3. Ответьте на следующие вопросы.
What is canine enforcement?
Customs and other law enforcement agencies round the world use dogs for detection work.
What are the main breeds selected for drug detection work?
The traditional working dog for many enforcement agencies is the Alsatian or German shepherd dog. This has a very good reputation for drug detection.
Why does British Customs use neither Alsatians nor Rottwellers?
Bacause drug detector dogs are often on show in public areas (such as airport terminals) Customs Services prefer to choose the breeds (dogs) of which people are not frightened. For example, in the UK the Customs doesn’t use Alsatians. Nor do they use rottwellers as these dogs are considered aggressive. Mainly Retrievers, Labradors, Collies, Spaniels are used for drug detection work.
What is the basis for training?
The basis for the training is the dog’s natural instinct to hunt and retrieve and its desire to please its handler. Initially the dogs are encouraged to retrieve various items (training aids) containing samples.
What is the dog’s motivation or reward?
The motivation or «reward» is the chance to play as well as praise and affection from their handler. The handlers are trained with the dog thus making a team which remains together until one or the other leaves detection work.
What is the main task of a trainer?
The handlers are trained to interpret the dog’s behaviour or indications when they are confronted with the presence of drugs. Each dog behaves differently and different signals or indications are given according to circumstances.
How many types of detector dogs do you know?
Dogs can be trained: to detect drugs (cannabis, cocaine, heroin, amphetamine and their derivates); to detect firearms, ammunition, and explosives; to work among passengers; to work in all types of customs environment except public areas.
How does the dog know it is on duty?
To the dog, finding drugs is fun. This is reflected in the dog’s behaviour: it is highly active at work, and enjoys the handler’s reward or praise when it makes a find, but the dog is not allowed to feel that it is playing. To make a clear distinction between work and play, the working dog wears a special harness. When the handler puts the harness on the dog, the animal knows it is on duty.
How are private cars normally searched if the dog is to be used?
Normally the occupants will be out of their vehicle if the dog is to be used. The doors and windows will be closed. The dog is then taken around the outside of the car paying particular attention to the fuel tank, spare wheel and wheel arches; it is then used in the luggage boot before going inside the car.
What three elements are to be checked when inspecting commercial vehicles?
Three elements are checked here:
the driver’s cab and his baggage (if any);
the contents of the vehicle; and
the vehicle itself.
Why is it difficult for the dog to search vessels?
Drug detector dogs are often used during the search. Many places on board a vessel are difficult and noisy for the dog to work in but they are trained to for these conditions.
Why is baggage sometimes searched behind the scenes?
Bags are usually screened in front of the passengers but sometimes it happens behind the scenes not to alert potential smugglers.
What is the procedure of passenger examination when the dog is to be used?
Dogs are not allowed to sniff people, оr even get too close to passengers. But this doesn’t mean that dogs cannot be used for drug concealments on the body. At airports and ferry ports passengers are asked to sit in a holding lounge in a line of chairs opposite their hand baggage. The dog then checks the bags. The passengers are then asked to stand and move to their bags, and sometimes the dog checks the seats they have just left.
Why can no piece of equipment replace the dog?
No piece of equipment has yet been invented that can replace the dog. Some experimental models have been tried but found to be far inferior to the canine nose. A drug detector dog can search up to fifty parcels in fifteen or twenty minutes as the dog’s sense of smell is one million times better than the man’s.
Упражнение 4. Кратко изложите содержание текста (8-10 предложений) в письменной форме, используя ключевые слова.
The basis for the training is the dog’s natural instinct to hunt and retrieve and its desire to please its handler. Initially the dogs are encouraged to retrieve various items (training aids) containing samples.
The motivation or «reward» is the chance to play as well as praise and affection from their handler.
ГРАММАТИЧЕСКИЕ УПРАЖНЕНИЯ
Упражнение 1. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык.
New customs checkpoints have been set up at the borders with the Baltic States.
Новые таможенные контрольно-пропускные пункты были установлены на границах Балтики.
Quantitative restrictions or other forms of import control have been adopted in many countries.
Количественные ограничения или другие формы контроля за импортом были приняты во многих странах.
The goods had been kept at the bonded warehouse for a month before the duties were paid.
Товары хранились на таможенном складе в течение месяца прежде, чем налоги были выплачены.
The new import tariffs on used cars will have been worked out by December.
К декабрю будут использоваться новые тарифы импорта на подержанные машины.
The cargo was seized because the false invoice had been discovered.
Груз был захвачен, потому что ложный счет был обнаружен.
Упражнение 2. Передайте следующие предложения в Passive Voice.
He has not fixed the date for the next meeting yet.
The next meeting hadn’t been fixed the date by him yet.
The government has increased duties on some types of industrial products recently.
The industrial products had been increased duties on some types by the government.
The Japanese customs has made efforts to train more detector dogs.
More detector dogs had been made efforts to train by the Japanese customs.
The customs officer seized the cargo because he had discovered the false invoice.
The cargo was seized because the false invoice had been discovered by the custom officer.
The specialists have estimated the size of the US market between $ 50 billion and $ 100 billion a year.
The size of the US market had been estimated by the specialists.
The officer-in-charge will have signed all the protocols by 2 o’clock.
The protocols will have been signed by the officer-in-charge.
The inspector has already confiscated 25 kg of drugs this year.
The 25 kg of drugs had been already confiscated by the inspector.
I had checked the accompanying documents before I examined the cargo.
Before I was examined the accompanying documents had been checked by me.
The passengers had collected their luggage before the customs officer told them to go through the Green Channel.
Before the customs officer was told the passengers had been collected theil luggage.
The congressmen will have introduced the new bill by the end of the month.
The new bill will have been introduced by the congressmen.
Упражнение 3. Переведите следующие предложения на английский язык.
Груз был задержан, так как документы были оформлены неправильно.
The cargo was seized because the documents were issued incorrectly.
Сколько месяцев товар находился на складе временного хранения, прежде чем пошлины были уплачены?
How many months the goods were in a warehouse of temporary storage before duties were paid?
Мне только что сообщили, что в багаже пассажира были обнаружены наркотики.
To me just told that in luggage of the passenger drugs were found.
Судно уже будет проверено, когда вы прибудете в порт.
The vessel will be already checked, when you will arrive to the port.
Все таможенные декларации были заполнены, до того как нам сказали, что мы можем идти через Зеленый канал.
All customs declarations were filled, before to us told that we can go via the Green channel.
Собаку учили находить наркотики и взрывчатку в течение 8 месяцев, прежде ее начали использовать в аэропорту.
A dog learned to find drugs and explosive within 8 months, before it started to use at the airport.
Только после того как чемодан был открыт, сотрудник таможни убедился, что в нем не было ничего запрещенного.
Only after the suitcase was open, the employee of customs was convinced that in it there was nothing forbidden.
Так как стоимость товара была явно занижена, таможенник предупредил, что она будет скорректирована.
As cost of the goods was obviously underestimated, the customs officer warned that it will be corrected.
Валюта была конфискована таможенником, так как она не была внесена в таможенную декларацию.
The currency was confiscated by the customs officer as it wasn't brought in the customs declaration.
Новые ставки таможенных пошлин были установлены еще до 1 мая.
New rates of the customs duties were established till May 1.
Упражнение 4. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в соответствующей форме.
The Russian Customs Service (to carry out) the same functions as the Customs of any other developed countries: fiscal function, regulation of foreign trade by means of tariff and non-tariff methods, law enforcement, collection and keeping of customs statistics concerning foreign trade, etc.
However, the main task of Russian Customs (to be) the protection of the economic interests of the country, national treasures and cultural and historical properties. Customs policy (to have) a far greater share and importance in Russia’s regulation of economic activities than in industrial countries with developed market economies.
Customs policy (to perform) already its historical role in western European countries. The increasing integration and GATT/WTO development (to bring) to zero the average customs duty payment in Europe. So, the Customs tariff, in practice (to be) not an economic and trade regulator any longer in Europe. The Russian Federation, on the other hand, (to be) in its tariff renaissance period.
The customs tariff’s main advantage (to be) that it (to bring) only quantitative changes and (not to break) the link between the internal economy and world markets.
During the period 1991-94, much (to do) to create customs legislation in Russia. Two important laws (to put) into power: “The Customs Code of the Russian Federation” and “On Customs Tariff”. All provisions and regulations of these documents (to be) of the world standards.
Russia (to have) the world’s longest border to police, much of it newly created. The creation of Russian Customs (to complicate) by the fact that, after the disintegration of the USSR, the best-equipped and best-staffed customs services (to be) outside Russia, which (to acquire) as a result 13,500 km of new borders with former Soviet Republics. Moreover the Russian Customs Service (to see) a five-fold staff increase over the past years. This (to match) by growing organizational complexity. The ideological imperative (to replace).
Today the Russian Federation (to have) a modern, multi-functioning Customs Service which (to be) able to take a deserving place in market economy regulation and (to be) competent to help in rapprochement between the Russian and world economies. Everyone (to treat) The Russian Customs Service as an equal and this (to mean) that the Russian Federation (to become) a full and equal member of the world community.
Glossary
|
affection (n) |
зд.ласка |
|
aircraft (n |
самолет, самолеты |
|
to alert (v) |
испугать, спугнуть |
|
Alsatian (n) |
эльзасец (немецкая овчарка) |
|
amphetamine (n) |
амфетамин |
|
ammunition (n) |
боеприпасы |
|
breed (n) |
порода |
|
cab (n) |
кабина |
|
cannabis (n) |
гашиш, конопля |
|
cocaine (n) |
кокаин |
|
contents (n) |
cодержимое |
|
derivates (n) |
производные |
|
equipment (n) |
оборудование |
|
explosives (n) |
взрывчатые вещества |
|
firearms (n) |
огнестрельное оружие |
|
fuel tank (n) |
бензобак |
|
handler (n) |
кинолог, проводник |
|
harness (n) |
шлейка, ошейник |
|
heroin(n) |
героин |
|
to hunt (v) |
охотиться, преследовать (зверя и т.д.) |
|
inferior (adj) |
низший, худший |
|
law enforcement agencies |
правоохранительные органы |
|
luggage boot (n) |
багажник |
|
praise (n) |
похвала |
|
to replace (v) |
заменить |
|
to retrieve (v) |
найти |
|
sample (n) |
образец |
|
to screen (v) |
просвечивать (с помощью рентгена) |
UNIT 5
Лексическая тема: «Law Systems. Legal Professions».
Грамматическая тема: Согласование времен. Косвенная речь.
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