Narayanan V.K., Armstrong D.J. - Causal Mapping for Research in Information Technology (2005)(en)
.pdf380 About the Authors
Jana Diesner is a research associate and linguistic programmer at the Center for Computational Analysis of Social and Organizational Systems (CASOS) at the Institute for Software Research International, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University (USA). She received her master’s degree in communication science from the Dresden University of Technology (Germany). Her research combines communication science, linguistics, social networks, and computer science. Her specific research area is computational text analysis. She investigates new approaches towards the effective and efficient analysis of the network structure of large-scale collections of textual data and methodological aspects of the technique.
Colin Eden is director of the University of Strathclyde Graduate School of Business and Professor of Strategic Management and Management Science (UK). His major research interests are the relationship between operational decision making practices and their strategic consequences; the processes of strategy making in management teams; the use of group decision support in the analysis and making of strategy; and managerial and organizational cognition. He is the author of seven books and over 150 scholarly articles in management science and strategic management.
Gerard P. Hodgkinson (Ph.D., University of Sheffield) is a professor of organizational behaviour and strategic management at Leeds University Business School, The University of Leeds (UK). His principal research interests center on the analysis of psychological factors in individual and organizational decision making, effectiveness and wellbeing (especially the nature and significance of actors’ mental models and the development and validation of methodological techniques for the investigation of managerial and organizational cognition). His work on these and other topics has appeared in a number of major journals and other prestigious outlets including Human Relations, Organizational Research Methods, Organization Studies and Strategic Management Journal.
Luca Iandoli received his degree in electronics engineering. Currently he is a researcher with the Department of Business and Managerial Engineering, University of Naples Federico II (Italy). In 1998 he received a graduation award from Fiat Research Center; in 1999 he worked at the Department of Computer Science of University of Naples within the European research project Compete. His current research interests include application of soft computing techniques to business and management, human resource management and decision making support systems. His papers have been published in
Small Business Economics, Journal of Global Information Technology and Management, Journal of Information Science and Technology, and Fuzzy Economic Review.
Jiali Liao received a B.E. (Industrial Management Engineering) from Xi’an Jiaotong University and Master of Management from Xi’an Jiaotong University (1999). She is currently a doctoral student at the department of decision sciences, Drexel University (USA). Her research interests include financial engineering and risk management.
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About the Authors 381
Tor J. Larsen earned a Ph.D. in management information systems from the University of Minnesota. Since then he has worked as associate professor at the Norwegian School of Management (Norway), Department of Leadership and Organizational Management. From 2001-2002, he was visiting professor at the John Cook School of Business, Saint Louis University. In addition to reviewing for many central conferences and journals, he has acted as associate editor for the Journal of Global Information Management, Computing Personnel, and MIS Quarterly. Dr. Larsen’s publications are found in publications such as Information & Management and the Journal of MIS. His present research interests include innovation, diffusion, innovation outcome specification, management information systems, and systems development.
Douglas L. Micklich is an instructional assistant professor of management at Illinois State University in Normal, Illinois (USA). He holds an M.B.A. from Illinois State University and undergraduate degrees in management information systems and organizational behavior from The University of Tulsa. Doug’s research interests include the role of information systems in strategy formulation and implementation, corporate and competitive strategy, concept/causal mapping in strategy, and leadership in strategy development and implementation. He is published in The Journal of Private Enterprise and has articles in the proceedings of professional organizations such as The Association of Private Enterprise Education, The Association for Business Simulation and Experiential Learning and The Small Business Director’s Association.
Kay Nelson is an associate professor of MIS and director of The Center for Information Technologies in Management at the Fisher College of Business, The Ohio State University (USA). She holds a Ph.D. from the University of Texas at Austin in information systems. Dr. Nelson has published articles about IT strategy issues, software engineering, and IT/Business partnership in publications such as MIS Quarterly, European Journal of Information Systems and Decision Support Systems. Her research awards include the ICIS best paper award and the WITS best paper award. Dr. Nelson is a National Science Foundation Career Scholar.
Fred Niederman serves as the Shaughnessy Endowed Professor of MIS at Saint Louis University (USA). His doctoral degree is from the University of Minnesota. His primary research areas pertain to using information technology to support teams and groups, global information technology, and information technology personnel. He has published more than 20 refereed journal articles include several in top MIS journals including
MIS Quarterly, Communications of the ACM, and Decision Sciences; has presented papers at several major conferences; serves as associate editor of the Journal of Global Information Systems.
Robert F. Otondo is an assistant professor of management information systems at The University of Memphis (USA). He received his Ph.D. in computer information systems from the School of Accountancy and Information Management at Arizona State University. Dr. Otondo’s research interests include organizational learning, knowledge man-
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382 About the Authors
agement, and system dynamics, and their associations with emerging technologies such as Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID). His research has been published or accepted by Decision Support Systems, Personnel Psychology, Best Paper Proceedings of the Academy of Management Conference, Cycle Time Research, the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference, and academic books.
Marshall Scott Poole (Ph.D., University of Wisconsin) is a professor of information and operations management and of communication at Texas A&M University (USA). He has conducted research and published extensively on the topics of group and organizational communication, computer-mediated communication systems, information systems impacts on organizations, conflict management, and organizational innovation. He has coauthored or edited eight books including A Manual for Group Facilitation, Communication and Group Decision-Making, Research on the Management of Innovation, and Organizational Change and Innovation Processes: Theory and Methods for Research.
Tom L. Roberts is an assistant professor in the Accounting and Information Systems Department in the School of Business at the University of Kansas (USA). His current research interests include project management, collaborative technology, and the behavioral aspects of the information technology profession. His publications have appeared in variety of IS journals.
Steven D. Sheetz is an associate professor of accounting and information systems at the Pamplin College of Business at Virginia Tech (USA). He received his Ph.D. in information systems from the University of Colorado. His research interests include the cognitive complexity of developing information systems, learning and use of object-oriented development techniques, medical information systems, and the application of group support systems technology. He has published articles in Decision Support Systems, International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, Journal of Management Information Systems, Journal of Systems and Software, Decision Support Systems, and ObjectOriented Systems.
Rajendra P. Srivastava is the Ernst & Young professor of accounting and Director of the Ernst & Young Center for Auditing Research and Advanced Technology at the School of Business, University of Kansas (USA). He holds a Ph.D. in accounting from the University of Oklahoma, Norman and a Ph.D. in physics from Oregon State University, Corvallis. Professor Srivastava’s publications have appeared in The Accounting Review, Journal of Accounting Research, Auditing: A Journal of Practice and Theory, Journal of Management Information Systems and many other accounting and AI journals. He is currently associate editor of Journal of Emerging Technologies in Accounting, and has been a member of the editorial and review board of several journals.
David P. Tegarden received his Ph.D. from the University of Colorado at Boulder. He is an associate professor of information systems and a research fellow in the Center for Human-Computer Interaction at Virginia Tech (USA). His current research areas include
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About the Authors 383
object-oriented software engineering, collaborative cognitive and concept mapping, continuous assurance, and information visualization. He has published in the Communications of the AIS, Decision Support Systems, International Journal of Accounting Information Systems, International Journal of Human Computer Studies, Journal of Information Systems, Journal of Management Information Systems, Journal of Systems and Software, Object-Oriented Systems, Omega, and Software Quality Journal.
Linda F. Tegarden received her Ph.D. from University of Colorado at Boulder and is an associate professor of management at Virginia Tech (USA). Her areas include strategy, entrepreneurship and innovation management. In addition to causal mapping research in the strategic management area, she also studies performance implications of innovation and technological change on both incumbents and startups and strategic planning processes in high technology environments. Her articles are published in Strategic Management Journal, Journal of Management Studies, Journal of High Technology Management, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Journal of Managerial Issues and Journal of Business Research.
Huy V. Vo is an assistant professor of management information systems at Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (Vietnam). He received his Ph.D. in business administration (management information systems) from Texas A&M University. He has published articles focusing on organizational problem formulation, IS curriculum development for developing countries, and decision support systems in journals like International Journal of Information Technology and Decision Making and Electronic Journal of Information Systems on Developing Countries. His present research interests are system dynamics organizational problem formulation, multiple perspective approach to IS development, and IS issues (ERP implementation, e-commerce acceptance, etc.) in developing countries.
Giuseppe Zollo is a professor of business and management at the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Naples Federico II (Italy). During the years 1985-86 he was visiting research associate at the Department of Economics of Northeastern University. He published many articles in the area of technological innovation, small innovative enterprises, information technology management, competencies management, software industry, fuzzy sets, and evaluation systems. His papers have been published in
International Contributions to Labour Studies, Journal of Systems and Software, International Journal of Technology Management, International Journal of Manufacturing Technology and Management, Omega, Small Business, Information Resources Management Journal, Fuzzy Economic Review, and R&D Management.
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384 Index
Index
A
abstraction 352
aggregate mapping approach 144 aggregating 145
aggregation 352 analysis and design 236 applicative cycle 178 argument 350
argument cognitive maps 349 association 350
AutoMap 88
B
basic probability assignment function 113 behavioral simulation 295
belief function approach 109 belief functions 110 benchmarking 31
C
categorical 350 categories 198 causal assertions 20 causal inference 5
causal map(s) 2, 22, 47, 109, 206, 343 causal map elicitation 208
causal mapping 143, 206 causal mapping (CM) 1, 20,
47, 110, 233, 285, 314
causal statements 27, 196 cause-effect relationships 4 class structures 354 cluster analysis 205 coding 6
coding guidelines 267 coding scheme 30, 196 cognitive diversity 204, 205 cognitive factions 205 cognitive map 6, 21 cognitive mapping 47
cognitive maps 2, 48, 144, 350 collective belief systems 50 collective cause maps 205 collective maps 143 comparison of causal maps 56 comprehensiveness 176 concept classification 87 concept identification 87 concept/cognitive mapping 285 concepts 198
conceptual underpinnings 178 congregate mapping 144 constructs 176, 198
content 3, 22, 189 corporate strategy 285 covert networks 89 critical success factors 285 critical value activities 285
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D
data flow diagrams 234 decision analysis 127 decision theory 5 Dempster-Shafer 110
Dempster-Shafer (D-S) theory 109 Dempster’s rule of combination 111, 114 dependence 285
descriptive modeling 111 diagram 35
discovery 195 discovery contexts 14 diversity 177
E
empirical approaches 374 encapsulation 352 entity identification 87
evaluative assertion analysis 5 evidential diagram 110 evidential nework 116 evidential reasoning 110 evocative contexts 15 expert-anchored 13
F
four-stage process 180 fuzzy causal map 372 fuzzy logic 371
G
graph and analyze data 87 graph theory 5, 351 group mapping 265
group support systems 208
H
hierarchy 352 human behavior 2 hypothesis testing 9
I
ideographic 54
in information systems 143
Index 385
industrial dynamics 3 influence diagrams 8, 371 information asymmetry 292 information silos 292 information symmetry 285
information systems (IS) 46, 263, 264 information technology (IT) 1, 46, 109 inheritance 362
interactively elicited causal maps 22, 196 interrelated information 144 intervention contexts 16
interview execution 240 interview transcripts 196 interviews 179
IS developers 275 IS research 12
J
job satisfaction 110
K
knowledge 84 knowledge elicitation 48
knowledge engineering 313 knowledge management 313 knowledge management practices 312
L
level of agreement 197 level of granularity 198 life cycle 314 links-to-nodes ratio 145
M
map analysis 84 map density 145 map structure 55 matrix 35
mental models 88 meta-matrix model 81 meta-matrix text analysis 88 methods 355 modularization 352
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386 Index
N
neural networks 371 nomothetic 54
O
object structures 355 object-oriented (OO) software 174 object-oriented modeling 352 objectivist 13
ontological status 48
OO software development 175 open-ended questions 196 organizational context 234 organizational memory 318, 357
P
perform map analysis 87 probability theory 112 probes 196
project outcomes 235 propagation of beliefs 118 psycho-logic 5 psychometric proprieties 60
Q
qualitative 4, 40
R
RCMs 175 reachability 183 reliability 30, 60 research contexts 22 revealed causal map 22
revealed causal mapping (RCM) 110, 111, 180,195
revealed causal maps 50, 110, 175
S
semantic networks 83 sensitivity analysis 127 shared meaning 51 simulation 369
social causal mapping 345 social constructionist 13
social network analysis (SNA) 85 soft systems methodology (SSM) 264 software development 313 stakeholders 263
standard vocabularies 9
strategic business units (SBU) 291 strategic planning 204
strategy development 266 structure 21, 177 structure of arguments 3 structured interviews 238
structured systems analysis and design method (SSA 264
survey 186
system dynamics 371
systems development projects 238
T
text based causal maps 22 theoretical cycle 178 theoretical frameworks 176 theory-driven 31
top management team 204 Toulmin framework 3 traversal 351
U
unified modeling language (UML) 233, 234 users 275
V validity 60
W
workshop 270
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