Понятие о причастии (Participle)

В английском языке различают Причастие I и Причастие II. Причастие I образуется прибавлением окончания ing к инфинитиву глагола (dancing, playing, writing), а Причастие II – это III форма глагола (danced, played, written).

Сравните:

The letter written yesterday – письмо, написанное вчера

a writing girl – пишущая девочка

a broken vase – разбитая ваза

a boy breaking the gates – мальчик, ломающий ворота

Формы причастия

	Active	Passive
Present	writing	being written
Past	–	written
Perfect	having written	having been written

Способы перевода причастия

Формы причастия	В русском языке соответствует
	причастию	деепричастию
breaking	ломающий	ломая
being broken	ломаемый	будучи ломаемым будучи сломанным
broken	сломанный
having broken	–	сломав
having been broken	–	будучи сломанным

Упражнение 5 Переведите предложения

1 A girl dancing in the middle of the hall is my sister. 2 The broken arm hurts me. 3 Having written the message he sent it. 4 He went along the street singing and smiling. 5 Being very ill, he stayed in bed. 6 The flowers cut in the morning were fresh and beautiful. 7 The idea having been discussed became clear. 8 Having entered the room he greeted everybody. 9 You must drink only bottled water. 10 The manager smiled answering my questions.

Упражнение 6 Выберите правильную форму причастия

1. You mustn’t touch a (rotating, rotated) device.

2. (Having opened, being opened) the door, he entered the house.

3. (Answering, having answered) the questions, the teacher didn’t look at the students.

4. The contract (having been signed, signed) by us will be very profitable.

5. (Approaching, having approached) the girl he recognized her.

6. (Being busy, having been busy), he apologized for postponing the meeting.

7. Who is this (standing, stood) girl?

8. The exhibition (being held, held) in London attracts a lot of visitors.

9. I like the song (singing, being sung) now on TV.

10. The building (surrounding, being surrounded) by the lilac bushes looked very romantic.

11. The fence (surrounding, having surrounded) the school is made of bricks.

12. (Having booked, being booked) the suit in the business hotel she went to the station.

13. (Being answered, answering) his questions, the girl looked very nervous.

Упражнение 7 Переведите предложения

1. Сорванные цветы быстро завяли.

2. Он с восхищением смотрел на танцующую девушку.

3. Показав на башню, незнакомец быстро отвернулся и пошел прочь.

4. Отвечая на вопросы учителя, он то краснел, то бледнел.

5. Поезд, прибывающий через десять минут, идет в южном направлении.

6. Будучи выброшенным на берег, кит нуждался в помощи.

7. Раненый зверь бежал по лесу, ломая ветви на своем пути.

Something is wrong with me…

Word Bank

1	a head	голова	31	to swallow	проглотить
2	to have a headache (toothache)	страдать от головной боли (зубной боли)	32	to measure blood pressure	измерять кровяное давление
3	an eye	глаз	33	a pill	таблетка
4	an ear	ухо	34	to have a high temperature/ to have a fever	иметь высокую температуру
5	mouth	рот	35	to stay in bed	оставаться в постели
6	nose	нос	36	a broken arm	сломанная рука
7	throat	горло	37	a joint	сустав
8	to have a sore throat	болит горло	38	to prescribe a medicine	прописать лекарство
9	neck	шея	39	to dislocate a joint	вывихнуть сустав
10	a back	спина	40	tumour	опухоль
11	backbone	позвоночник	41	operation	операция
12	bone	кость	42	injection	укол
13	muscle	мышца	43	It hurts me!	Мне больно!
14	an arm	рука	44	to recover	выздороветь
15	an elbow	локоть	45	to consult the doctor	консультироваться с врачом
16	a leg	нога	46	to be pregnant	быть беременной
17	a foot	ступня	47	insomnia	бессонница
18	a finger	палец руки	48	indigestion	растройство желудка
19	a toe	палец ноги	49	dizziness	головокружение
20	belly	живот	50	to catch a cold	простудиться
21	kidney	почка	51	pneumonia	воспаление легких
22	liver	печень	52	to fix an arm	зафиксировать руку
23	heart	сердце	53	lungs	легкие
24	heart attack	сердечный приступ	54	to go to hospital	ложиться в больницу
25	perspiration/ to perspire	пот/ потеть	55	to be pale	быть бледным
26	forehead	лоб	56	to feel shivery	чувствовать озноб
27	to complain of	жаловаться на	57	stomach	желудок
28	sickness	тошнота	58	to do ultrasonic investigation	делать УЗИ
29	pain/ painful	боль/ болезненный	59	to have smd’s blood (urine) test made	сдавать анализ крови (мочи)
30	to cough	кашлять	60	to have a runnу nose	иметь насморк

Model dialogue 1

A: Alex, look here, you are very pale and I see perspiration on your forehead. Are you OK?

B: I am afraid, no. Something is wrong with me. I feel shivery.

1. A: Have you taken your temperature? B: Not yet. Don’t worry. I’ll take some medicine and drink hot tea. A: You would rather stay in bed and I’ll call the doctor. 1 I am afraid, no – Боюсь, что нет.

2 Don’t worry – Не беспокойся.

3 You would rather … – Ты бы лучше …

Model dialogue 2 (At the hospital)

A: Well, Mr. James. What are you complaining of?

B: Something is wrong with my stomach.

A: What have you got: pain, indigestion, sickness?

B: It hurts me here. And I have constantly a bitter taste in my mouth.

A: I am sure, it is not stomach. It is your liver.

B: What would you recommend me to do?

A: You should do ultrasonic investigation and have your blood and urine tests made. Then you’ll come to me again and I’ll prescribe some medicine.

Model dialogue 3 (Telephone conversation)

A: May I speak to George?

B: It’s me, Fred.

A: I have not recognized you! What’s the matter with your voice?

B: I caught a cold. My nose is running, I have a sore throat and a terrible headache.

A: Have you consulted a doctor?

B: Sure, I follow all his prescriptions. In some days I’ll be fine.