- •Т. А. Бойцова, а. В. Соснин
- •© Т.А. Бойцова, а.В. Соснин, 2012
- •Part II English Punctuation
- •Capitalization.................................................................................................44 Part III Structural Aspects of Writing
- •Part IV Some Notes on Style
- •Using Jargon Appropriately.........................................................................88
- •What kind of skill is writing ?
- •Exercises
- •Insert the missing letters for [f]:
- •The Phoneme [k] – (c, k, ck, ch, qu(e))
- •Exercises
- •Insert the missing letters for [k]:
- •Exercises
- •Insert the missing letters: (tch, ch, t)
- •The Phoneme [g] – (g, dg(e), j)
- •Exercises
- •Insert the missing letters:
- •The Reduplication of Consonants
- •Exercises
- •Insert the missing letters:
- •Insert the missing letters for the sounds given in brackets:
- •The Final Letter “y”
- •Exercises
- •Insert the missing letters “y” or “I”:
- •The Mute Final “e” The mute Final “e” and its Functions
- •Exercises
- •Insert the letter “e”where necessary:
- •Affixation (Prefixation and Suffixation)
- •I. Prefixation
- •Negative prefixes
- •Exercises
- •II. Suffixation
- •The Suffix -tion, -sion
- •To scan – scansion
- •Write corresponding nouns from the following verbs by adding the suffixes -tion, -sion:
- •Exercises
- •Insert the missing letters “a” or “e”:
- •The Suffixes -able, -ible
- •Guiding Principles
- •If the stem ends in [s] -c or [d] -g, the final mute letter “e” is retained before -able:
- •Exercises
- •The Suffix -ous (-ious, -eous, -uous)
- •Study and Memorize the Following List
- •Exercises
- •Insert e or I :
- •Insert the proper vowel wherever necessary:
- •General Review
- •Part II English Punctuation Punctuation marks
- •Exercises
- •Apostrophe
- •Quotation Marks
- •Punctuation of Compound and Complex Sentences Comma and Semicolon
- •Capitalization
- •Exercises
- •Part III structural aspects of writing paragraph
- •2. A) Read the following passage.
- •Description
- •Technical description a Sitting Room
- •Description of a place or scene (Suggestive Description)
- •1. A) Read the above passage carefully paying attention to the choice of the
- •Vocabulary.
- •Character Sketch
- •Description of an Old Man
- •1. Study the passage below and describe the impression Charles Strickland produced on the author at their first meeting.
- •4. Write a descriptive sketch of a) your relative; b) an interesting person whom you know. Summary
- •How to Avoid Foolish Opinions
- •2. Study the following article carefully and make an outline of its essential points. Modern Constitutions
- •3. Consider a summary of this article written in Russian. Does it cover all the key points of the article? Write a summary in English.
- •Words and Phrases to Use in a Résumé
- •1. Make a résumé of the article below. The following questions might help you:
- •How to find true love Or, Rather, How It Finds You
- •Composition and essay
- •Technical / scientific essay
- •Important Development Projects in Russia: their Impact on the Area and People’s Lives. The Shtokman Gas Field – Thinking the Unthinkable
- •References
- •Part IV some notes on style active or passive voice ?
- •Avoiding male-only pronouns
- •Writing With Finesse
- •Suggestions on self-assessment
- •Supplement Words Frequently Misspelt
- •Wednesday
- •Word List For Special Study
- •References
- •Татьяна Алексеевна Бойцова
Wednesday
weird
where
writing
written
yacht
yield
Word List For Special Study
Homonyms
Homonyms are words that are identical in pronunciation but different in meaning and, usually, in spelling. Make sure that you can distinguish between the homonyms and homonymous expression in the following list. Learn the meaning along with the spelling. Comparing the derivatives given in the dictionary will help you to distinguish them.
aisle, isle
altar, alter
arc, ark
bare, bear
berth, birth
brake, break
buy, by
canvas, canvass capital, capitol cereal, serial
cession, session chord, cord
coarse, course
die, dye
dying, dyeing
faze, phase
fiancé, fiancée,
forth, fourth
foul, fowl
hear, here
heard, herd
hole, whole
its, it’s
lead, led, lessen, lesson
mantel, mantle, marshal, martial
medal, meddle
passed, past
peace, piece
plain, plane
principal, principle
rain, reign, rein
right, rite, wright, write
ring, wring
role, roll
sight, site, cite, sole, soul
stake, steak
stationary, stationery
steal, steel, straight, strait
tail, tale
their, there, they’re
threw, through, thrown, throne to, too, two, troop, troupe
vain, vane, vein
waist, waste
weak, week
who’s, whose
your, you’re
Words Similar In Sound Or Form
The words in the following groups, despite similarities in sound or form, have important differences in pronunciation, spelling and meaning. Study these words carefully using the dictionary whenever necessary, until you are certain that you will not confuse them. Use a few of the words at a time and practise visualizing, pronouncing, and writing them.
accept, except
adapt, adept
advice, advise
affect, effect
alley, ally
allusion, illusion
angle, angel
author, Arthur
basis, bases
bath, bathe
born, borne
breath, breathe
casual, causal
censor, censure
choose, chose
close, clothes,
cloths cloth, clothe
collar, colour
coma, comma
complement, compliment
costume, custom
council, counsel, consul
diary, dairy
decent, descent, dissent
desert, dessert
device, devise
dual, duel
elicit, illicit
emigrant, immigrant
eminent, immanent, imminent
ever, every
farther, further
foreword, forward
formally, formerly
holly, holy, wholly
human, humane
later, latter
loath, loathe
loose, lose, loss
marital, martial
moral, morale
of, off
personal, personnel
poor, pore, pour
prophecy, prophesy
quiet, quite, quit
respectfully, respectively
sense, since
speak, speech
statue, stature, statute
suit, suite
than, then
though, thorough, through
trail, trial
vary, very
wander, wonder
weather, whether
woman, women
References
Берлизон С.Б., Чаиник Е.И., Алексеева Е.М., Мизрахи Э.Ю., Зайцева Л.П. Пособие по письменной практике (на английском языке). Ленинград: «Просвещение», 1976.
Azar Schramber, B. Understanding and Using English Grammar. Second Edition, 1989.
Fowler, H.W. A Dictionary of Modern English Usage. Second Edition. Oxford at the Clarendon Press, 1977.
O’Connell, S. Focus on First Certificate. Third edition, 1996.
Reduman, S. English Vocabulary in Use. Pre-intermediate and Intermediate. Second edition, 1997.
Serikova, A.S. A Basis for Composition and Précis Writing. Moscow, “Vysšaja Škola”, 1980.
Stilman, A. Grammatically Correct: The Writer’s Essential Guide to Punctuation, Spelling, Style, Usage and Grammar. Cincinnati, Ohio, 1997.
Strunk, W., White, E.B. The Elements of Style. Fourth Edition. Macmillan, 2000.