Sequence of Tenses (согласование времен)
Если сказуемое главного предложения стоит в прошедшем времени (PastIndefinite), то сказуемое дополнительного придаточного предложения согласуется во времени со сказуемым главного предложения, т. е. вместо настоящего времени (Present) стоит прошедшее (Past), а вместо будущего времени — так называемое «будущее в прошедшем» (FutureinthePast, илиFutureRelative).
Следует обратить внимание на название FutureinthePast— «будущее в прошедшем». Естественно, что будущее не может быть в прошедшем. Речь идет о будущем, о котором говорилось в прошлом.
Формула: FutureRelative:shouldилиwould+ смысловой глагол в форме инфинитива безto.
В русском языке подобного согласования времен нет. Поэтому при переводе надо помнить о наличии в английском языке согласования времен.
Вывод. Если глагол в главном предложении стоит в прошедшем времени (Past Indefinite), то глагол придаточного предложения следует переводить настоящим временем, вместо прошедшего, и будущим временем, вместо Future Relative.
She said that she was a student. Она сказала, что она студентка (а не — была студенткой).
We knew that she would come. Мы знали, что она придет.
Примечание. В современном английском языке согласование времен часто не соблюдается. Например: Itwasfoundthattheacidisanewproduct.
|
№ |
Настоящее время |
Прошедшее время | |
|
1 |
Present Simple |
Past Simple | |
|
2 |
Present Perfect |
Past Perfect | |
|
3 |
Present Perfect Continuous |
Past Perfect Continuous | |
|
4 |
Present Continuous |
Past Continuous | |
|
5 |
Future Simple |
Future in-the-past | |
|
6 |
Future Continuous |
Future Continuous in-the-past | |
|
7 |
Future Perfect |
Future Perfect in-the-past | |
|
8 |
Future Perfect Continuous |
Future Perfect Continuous in-the-past | |
|
Настоящее время |
Прошедшее время | ||
|
Yesterday |
The day before/the previous day | ||
|
Today |
That day | ||
|
Tomorrow |
The following (next) day/a day later | ||
|
The day before yesterday (позавчера) |
Two days before | ||
|
The day after tomorrow (послезавтра) |
Two days later | ||
|
Last week |
The week before/the previous day | ||
|
Now |
Then | ||
|
Next week |
The week after/the following week/a week later | ||
|
Ago |
Before | ||
|
This/these |
That\those | ||
|
Here |
There | ||
1/ had not all gone yet.
2/ have ever seen
3/ thought, had made
4/ was going
5/ didn’t want
6/ had returned
7/ had had, felt (was feeling), could
8/ was, had turned
9/ have turned
10/ would do, hoped
11/ was hanging
12/ was working, would not agree
13/had suddenly invented
14/would have (had have), needed
1/ I was sure that he was already sorry that had written to her.
2/ It seemed to me that he was tired and I asked him what he had been doing.
3/ I had an impression that he had been there for a long time.
4/ I nodded and said “yes”, feeling that it was exactly what she needed.
5/ Having made sure that he wouldn’t do anything to help me I changed my plans.
6/ I suspected that she had just forgotten that I was waiting.
7/ He knew what she was thinking about.
8/ I have no idea whether she knows that Phil will be here.
9/ By the way, does Ted know that my sister is coming tomorrow?
10/ He didn’t know yet what he would do in New-York.
