14-es_1 / Анг.яз / умк_Лиша_Англ. для начинающих_РТ,ВС

Pseudocode has three basic structures: sequence, decision and looping logic. With these three structures, the required logic can be expressed.

enable – позволять, разрешать

equation ["′kwe"3($)n] – ypa внение, пpиpaвнивание list of instructions – пepeчeнь команд

complete – полный, завершённый

appropriate sequence – необходимая (требуемая) последовательность guard – защищать; предохранять

program logic – логическая последовательность выполнения пpoгpaммы flowchart – блок-cxeмa; cocтавлять блок-схему

flowcharting – построение блок-cxeм

pictorial representation – наглядное представление predefined symbols – заранее заданные символы stand for – символизировать, означать

specifics – специальные черты; характерные особенности template – шаблон; образец; эталон

pseudocode [sju:d$'k$υd] – псевдопрограмма, псевдокод programming rules – правила пpoгpaммирования consume – потреблять, расходовать

emphasize – выделять; подчёркивать

top-down approach – принцип нисходящей разработки

looping logic – логическая схема выполнения (операций) в цикле

Answer the questions.

1)What is computer programming?

2)What does the term “coded or programmed” mean?

3)Is the phase in which the system’s computer programs are written called the preparation or the development phase?

4)A program is a list of instructions, isn’t it?

5)What are the two common techniques for planning the logic of a program?

6)Which technique is less time-consuming?

7)How many basic structures does pseudocode have?

Text 9

Engineering as a profession

Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Electrical and electronics engineering is the largest and most diverse field of engineering. It deals with the development and design, application, and manufacture of systems and devices that use electric power and signals. Among

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the most important subjects in the field of are electric power and machinery, electronic circuits, control systems, computer design, superconductors, solidstate electronics and fibre optics.

Electronics

Electronic engineering deals with research, design, integration, and application if circuits and devices used in the transmission and processing of information.

Electronic engineers design circuits to perform specific tasks, such as amplifying electronic signals, adding binary numbers, and demodulating radio signals to recover the information they carry. Circuits are also used to generate waveforms useful for synchronization and timing, as in television, and for correcting errors in digital information, as in telecommunications.

Prior to the 1960s, circuits consisted of separate electronic devices – resistors, capacitors, inductors, and vacuum tubes – assembled on chassis and connected by wires to form a bulky package. The electronics revolution of the 1970s and 1980s set the trend towards integrating electronic devices on a single tiny chip of silicon or some other semiconductive material. The complex task of manufacturing these chips uses the most advanced technology, including computers, electron-beam lithography, micro-manipulators, ion-beam implantation, and ultra-clean environments. Much of the research in electronics is directed towards creating even smaller chips, faster switching of components, and three-dimensional integrated circuits.

Computers

Computer engineering is now the most rapidly growing field. The electronics of computers involve engineers in design and manufacture of memory systems, of central processing units, and of peripheral devices. The field of computer science is closely connected with computer engineering; however, the task of making computers more “intelli gent” (artificial intelligence), through creation of sophisticated programs or development of higher level machine languages or other means, is generally regarded as the aim of computer science.

One current trend in computer engineering is microminiaturization. Engineers try to place greater and greater numbers of circuit elements onto smaller and smaller chips. Another trend is towards increasing the speed of computer operations through the use of parallel processors and superconductive materials.

machinery – машинное оборудование, машины superconductor (ive) – сверхпроводник (овый)

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fibre optics – оптиковолокно binary – двоичный, бинарный timing – хронометраж capacitor – конденсатор

inductor [Ǻn'dȜkt$] – индуктор amplify – усиливать, ускорять assemble – собирать, монтировать

chassis [′∫æs "] – шасси (автомобиля, самолёта) wire – провод, шнур

bulky – огромный, громоздкий trend – тенденция

advanced – усовершенствованный

electron-beam lithography [lǺ'θǢDZr$fǺ] – электронно-лучевая литография

ion-beam implantation [Ǻmplǡ:n'teǺȓn] – ионно-лучевая имплантация tiny – мелкий, крошечный

sophisticated – сложный, усложнённый

microminiaturization – [ma Ǻkr$υmǺn$tȓ$raǺ'zeǺȓn] – микроминиатюризация

Answer the questions

1)What do electrical and electronics engineering deal with?

2)What do electronic engineers design circuits for?

3)How did the circuits prior to the 1960s look like?

4)What change did the electronic revolution of the 1970s and 1980s bring into designing of circuits?

5)What technology is used in manufacturing silicon chips?

6)What do computer engineers design?

7)What is the aim of computer science?

8)Is microminiaturization a current trend in computer engineering?

9)Do you know any other trends in computer engineering?

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Appendix 3

УЭ – 4

Ex. 2.

Daughter, book, friend, teacher, student, brother, pupil, boy, thick, school, university, absent, present.

Ex. 8.

1)Is George from the USA? – No, he isn’t. He is from Scotland.

2)Is Kevin a teacher? – No, he isn’t. He is a farmer.

3)Are Julie and Mary sisters? – No, they aren’t. They are friends.

4)Are George and Michael Jones from Spain? – No, they aren’t. They are from Italy.

5)Are you at home? – No, I am not. I am in the office .

6)Is her car red? – No, it isn’t. It’s black.

7)Is his name Chris? – No, it isn’t. His name is Paul .

8)Is your dog black? – No, it isn’t. It’s brown.

Ex. 9.

1)What is your name?

2)Denis is a student.

3)How old is your brother?

4)Brian and Bob are from France?

5)My sisters are students at the university.

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Ex. 24.

Cities, photos, ladies, leaves, tomatoes, universities, lives, faculties, pianos, bookshelves, halves, academies, zeros, radios.

Ex. 25.

a)children, oxen, geese, women, feet, men, teeth;

b)crises, stimuli, bases, curricula, axes, matrixes, spectra, data, radiuses/ radii, phenomena.

Ex. 26.

1)The boys are students.

2)The girls are from China.

3)The men are doctors.

4)The ladies are very nice.

5)The cars are in the street.

6)The flowers are in the vase.

7)The books are on the shelf.

8)The wolves are big and grey.

9)The children are in the bedroom.

10)The women are in the kitchen.

11)The radios are on the wall.

Ex. 27.

1)These are her three children.

2)Their wives are very busy.

3)My pets are two grey geese, rabbits, three white mice and four kittens.

4)The students of our group are good sportsmen.

5)Hide (прячьте) knives and matches from the children.

6)We need (нам нужно) tomatoes and cucumbers for salad.

7)I am 18 years old.

Ex. 28.

1)The children are in the garden.

2)These men are drivers.

3)The dogs are very clever.

4)The oxen are in the field.

5)Her feet are little.

6)Five ladies are absent.

7)My teeth are white.

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Ex. 18.

1)There is a table in the centre of the room.

2)Are these your parents?

3)What is there on the shelf?

4)There is a large lake there.

5)My friend’s father is a mathematician. He is very serious.

6)Is the park near the theatre?

7)Is there a garage behind the house?

8)Is there a café in your street?

9)Is the task correct? – Yes, it is.

10)What is there in the centre of the town / city? – T here is a theatre in the centre of the town /

city.

УЭ – 6

Ex. 13.

a)February 10, 1972 April 5, 1975 May 2, 1905

June 1, 1900

b)in 1947; in 1971; in 1867.

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Ex. 22.

1-d; 2-i; 3-h; 4-g; 5-j; 6-b; 7-c; 8-a; 9-f; 10-e;

Ex. 28.

1-2; 2-1; 3-8; 4-3; 5-5; 6-7; 7-6; 8-4.

Ex. 30.

1)Today is Tuesday. It’s eight thirty. Mr. Green is in the bus.

-Pardon. What’s the time?

-It’s eight thirty-five by my watch. My watch is fast.

-Thank you.

-Welcome.

-Good morning, Mr. Green. Are we late for work?

-Good morning, Miss Brown. No, we are not late. We have twenty-five minutes yet. It’s twenty minutes to nine now.

-Here is our bus-stop. Good-bye, Mr. Green.

-See you Helen.

2)What date is it today? – Today is the twenty-sec ond of July twenty zero eight.

3)What day is it today? – Today is Saturday.

4)When is your birthday? – My birthday is in sprin g.

5)Learn his telephone number.

6)Listen to your parents.

7)Don’t write on the table.

УЭ – 7

Progress Test

Ex. 1.

1-e; 2-c; 3-d; 4-g; 5-i; 6-j; 7-a; 8-f; 9-h; 10-b.

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Ex. 3.

1)Don’t take this lamp.

2)Don’t sit still.

3)Don’t say it again, please.

4)Don’t check the text again, please.

5)Don’t send the letter back.

Ex. 4.

Boys, glasses, boxes, ladies, women, teeth, children, fish, money, lives, flies, pencils, oxen, cakes, wives, roofs.

Ex. 5.

1)Is there a book on the shelf?

2)Is it Wednesday today?

3)Is it twenty minutes to five?

4)Are the knives on the table?

5)Are your parents scientists?

УЭ – 1

Ex. 8.

1)a 2)b 3)b 4)a 5)b

Ex. 9.

1)d 2)e 3)f 4)a 5)c 6)b

Ex 14.

1)Yes, she is. She is from Argentina.

2)Yes, she is. She’s happy in New York.

3)No, she isn’t. She isn’t on holiday.

4)No, it isn’t. It isn’t a very big class.

5)No, they aren’t. The aren’t all from South America.

6)No, they aren’t. The aren’t both students.

7)No, it isn’t. It isn’t easy to use.

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