Part B |
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1. tribe |
племя |
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2. |
cradle |
колыбель |
3. |
to associate |
ассоциироваться |
4. |
to mention |
упоминать |
5. |
to conquer |
завоёвывать |
6. |
to capture |
захватывать, -ить |
7. |
to occupy |
занимать, занять, завладевать |
8. |
to suffer |
претерпевать, страдать |
9. |
to destroy |
разрушать, уничтожать |
10. to survive |
выживать, -ить |
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11. population |
население |
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12. ruling |
правление |
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13. trade |
торговля |
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14. destruction |
уничтожение, разрушение, гибель |
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15. famine |
голод |
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16. enterprise |
предприятие |
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17. industrial |
промышленный |
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18. a cadet corps |
кадетский корпус |
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19. attempt |
попытка |
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20. glorious |
славный, великолепный |
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21. to fail |
проваливать, -ить |
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22. independence |
независимость |
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23. anew |
снова, заново |
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2. Read the words. Guess their meaning. Consult a dictionary if necessary.
Republic, chemistry, college, university, demonstration, festival, gallery, museum, sculpture, film, political, cultural, social.
3. Match English words with their Russian equivalents.
Part A |
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1. venue |
a) |
близость, соседство |
2. proximity |
b) |
досуг |
3. population |
c) |
большинство |
4. leisure |
d) |
житель |
5. existence |
e) |
предприятие |
6. residence |
f) простираться |
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7. majority |
g) органы власти |
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8. industrial |
h) |
население |
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9. ancient |
i) место сбора; встречи |
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10.to offer |
j) существование |
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11.to stretch |
k) место жительства |
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12.inhabitant |
l) древний |
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13.authorities |
m) предлагать |
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14.enterprise |
n) промышленный |
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Part B |
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1. tribe |
a) |
завоёвывать |
2. cradle |
b) претерпевать, страдать |
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3. to conquer |
c) промышленный |
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4. to capture |
d) голод |
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5. to occupy |
e) разрушать, уничтожать |
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6. to suffer |
f) захватывать |
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7. to destroy |
g) славный, великолепный |
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8. population |
h) колыбель |
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9. trade |
i) попытка |
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10. famine |
j) население |
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11. attempt |
k) занимать, завладевать |
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12. glorious |
l) торговля |
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13. industrial |
m) племя |
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4. Make up word combinations. |
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Part A |
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1. feature |
a) |
meeting |
2. industrial |
b) |
festival |
3. central |
c) |
enterprise |
4. political |
d) |
school |
5. folk |
e) |
authorities |
6. art |
f) square |
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7. musical |
g) building |
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8. local |
h) film |
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9. multi-storey |
i) gallery |
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Part B |
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1. cadet |
a) ways |
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2. historical |
b) town |
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3. glorious |
c) |
corps |
4. trade |
d) languages |
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5. Slavonic |
e) |
enterprise |
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6. Magdeburg |
f) cradle |
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7. provincial |
g) |
history |
8. industrial |
h) |
rights |
5. Translate the words in brackets. Part A
1)The town park is the (место сбора) of the youth.
2)“Titanic” is my favorite ( художественный фильм).
3)The (население) of Minsk is about 1 million people.
4)My friend (предложил) me to visit a new (выставку).
5)Novopolotsk is not an (древний) town.
6)The town (простирается) along the bank of the Dvina River.
7)Novopolotsk offers a wide range of social, cultural and (условия отдыха).
8)Novopolotsk came into (существование) in 1958.
Part B
1)A small town of Polotsk was founded by the Krivichi (племя).
2)During Vseslav’s (правление) Polotsk developed politically.
3)For example crusaders tried (захватить) the town 12 times but failed.
4)In 1579 Stephan Batoriy (завоевал) Polotsk.
5)During the Great Patriotic War Polotsk (выжил) and was rebuilt (заново).
6)There are 20 (промышленных предприятий) in Polotsk.
7)There were a lot of (попыток) to conquer Polotsk but it didn’t lose its (независимость).
8)The (население) of Polotsk is 100,000 people.
6.Form adjectives from nouns with the help of suffix –al as in the example. Make up your own sentences with these adjectives.
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N + -AL = ADJ |
For example: |
centre – centr al |
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industry – industri al |
Music, culture, physics, mathematics, politics, information, practice, nature, territory, globe, history, province.
7. Study and learn the rule.
The Passive Voice (страдательный залог)
Страдательный залог употребляется тогда, когда исполнитель дейст- вия либо неизвестен, либо это несущественно.
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Страдательный залог образуется при помощи вспомогательного гла- гола to be в соответствующем времени и лице + Participle II (причастие прошедшего времени).
Participle II для правильных глаголов образуется с помощью при- бавления окончания –ed, для неправильных глаголов это третья форма.
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Present |
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Past |
Future |
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am |
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was |
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shall |
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Simple |
is |
taken |
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were |
taken |
will be taken |
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are |
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am |
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was |
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Continuous |
is |
being |
taken |
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are |
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were being taken |
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Perfect |
have |
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has |
been |
taken |
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I will be shown around the town. |
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Мне покажут город. |
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На русский язык предложения в Passive Voice могут переводиться как страдательным, так и действительным залогом. Если необходимо ука- зать действующее лицо, или инструмент, с помощью которого выполняет- ся действие (материал, из которого сделан предмет), употребляются соот-
ветственно предлоги by и with (of). |
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The poem was translated by Marshak. |
Стихотворение |
переведено |
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С. Маршаком. |
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Meat is eaten with a knefe. |
Мясо едят ножом. |
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Ice-cream is made of milk. |
Мороженое делают из молока. |
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После модальных глаголов в страдательном залоге употребляется инфинитив глагола to be без частицы to и Participle II смыслового глагола.
The task can not be done in time. |
Задание не может быть выполне- |
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но вовремя. |
8. Open the brackets and put the verb to be into the correct tense form. Translate the sentences.
1)My question (to be) answered yesterday.
2)Hockey (to be) played in winter.
3)His new book (to be) finished next year.
4)Flowers (to be) sold in shops and in the streets.
5)The letter (to be) written now.
6)Novopolotsk (to be) founded in 1958.
7)The building of the house can (to be) finished very soon.
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8)Bread (to be) eaten every day.
9)Nick (to be) sent to Moscow next week.
10)Many houses (to be) built in our town every year.
11)The box must (to be) taken to the station.
12)I (to be) asked at the lesson yesterday.
13)During the Great Patriotic War Polotsk (to be) occupied by fascists and suffered destruction and famine.
9.Choose the correct item.
1)Tim … to the cinema by his cousin last Sunday.
a) is taken, b) will be taken, c) was taken 2) This car … next week.
a) was sold, b) is sold, c) will be sold
3) These stories … by a famous German journalist last century. a) were written, b) will be written, c) are written
4) The plum and apple trees … in our garden every year . a) won’t be planted, b) aren’t planted, c) weren’t planted
5)This poem … by heart by the pupils last week. a) won’t be learnt, b) isn’t learnt, c) wasn’t lear nt
6)David is sure he ... at the French lesson tomorrow. a) is asked, b) will be asked, c) was asked
7)The new museum ... in the centre of the city two weeks ago. a) was opened, b) is opened, c) will be opened
8)The pupils usually ... to the theatre by the teacher once a month. a) will be taken, b) are taken, c) were taken
9)The composition ... by the teacher in two days.
a) is checked up, b) will be checked up, c) was checked up 10) The letter ... yesterday evening.
a)was received, b) is received, c) will be received
10.Open the brackets and put the verb into the correct tense in Passive Voice. Write the sentences a) in the negative; b) in the interrogative.
1) This work (to do) tomorrow.
2) This text (to translate) at the last lesson.
3) These trees (to plant) last autumn.
4) The work can (to do) in three days.
5) This bone (to give) to my dog tomorrow.
6) The problems (to discuss) during the lesson yesterday.
7) These dresses (to wash) two days ago.
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8)The book you need can (to find) in any library.
9)Football (to play) in summer.
10)The letter (to write) at six o’clock yesterday.
11)This grammar rule (to explain) by the teacher at the next French lesson.
12)This book (to read) at the moment.
11.Open the brackets and put the verb into the correct tense in Passive or Active Voice. Translate them.
1)Dolly often (to play) badminton in summer. – Badmin ton (to play) in summer.
2)We (to visit) the concert yesterday. – The concert (to visit) yesterday.
3)We (not to play) hockey in summer. – Hockey (not to play) in summer.
4)You must (to do) three of these exercises tomorrow. – Three of these exercises must (to do) tomorrow.
5)He (to write) the composition tomorrow. – The compo sition (to write) tomorrow.
6)I (to listen to) music at the moment. – Music (to l isten to) at the moment.
12.Put in the preposition by, with or of.
1)The book is written … W. Shakespeare.
2)Cake is made … eggs, milk, flour, sugar and jam.
3)Newspapers are brought … a postman.
4)Soup is eaten … a spoon.
5)The dinner is cooked … my mother.
6)The walls were painted … my brother … a paintbrush.
7)Cheese is made … milk.
8) The lecture will be given to us … Professor Jenkins next week.
13. Paraphrase the sentences from Active into Passive.
Example: Yesterday we discussed plans for the next holidays. – The plans for the next holidays were discussed yesterday (by us).
1)My mother backed a tasty cake.
2)We weren’t playing football at 5 o’clock yesterday.
3)Tom is looking for his glasses.
4)We must send these letters at once.
5)The students won’t finish the translation of the text at the next lesson.
6)Peter I founded St. Petersburg in 1703.
7)I washed these dresses two days ago.
8)Sally will introduce Rolf to her parents next Saturday.
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9)The teacher will tell us an interesting story next time.
10)I didn’t water the flowers yesterday.
11)He will finish the novel next month.
12)Monkeys can climb even the tallest trees.
14.Find the examples of Passive Voice in the text: Part A “Novopolotsk”
Part B “Polotsk” and translate these sentences.
15.Read and translate the text.
Part A
Novopolotsk
Novopolotsk is a small town situated in the north of the republic of Belarus. It has a population of about 100.000 people. Novopolotsk was founded in 1958.
Novopolotsk came into existence as a town of chemistry. There are four large industrial enterprises here: the Chemical Works “Polymir”, the Protein Vitamin Works, the Measuring Devices Plant and the Refinery Plant “Naftan”.
Every third out of 100,000 inhabitants studies. Here there are vocational schools, the Oil-Training college and Polotsk State University.
Newly-built micro-districts, light streets with beautiful multi-storey buildings rising like towers on woody islands if to look at from afar – such is the face of Novopolotsk. It offers a wide range of social, cultural and leisure facilities such as cinema houses, cafes, restaurants, sport centers, consumer service establishments, palaces of culture and shopping.
In the centre of the town there is a central square – the Square of Builders. In the square there is a house where local authorities sit. Political meetings and demonstrations are held in the square. This is the venue of different folk festivals and holidays.
The town is quite modern with its five and nine-storey buildings. There are a number of libraries, a local museum, an art gallery where different exhibitions are held. One of its best known features is the town park which stretches along the bank of the Dvina River.
There are several fountains in our town. I think the most attractive one is near the musical school in the main Molodezhnaya street. It has a lovely sculpture of a boy sitting on a large ball. Everybody jokes that Novopolotsk consists of one long street (the street without the end). There is even the feature film with this very title about Novopolotsk and its builders.
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In the close proximity to the town there is an ancient city Polotsk. It is famous for its history and places of interest.
I think Novopolotsk is an easy town to live in – no t too big and not too small. It is a student town and a perfect place to live and study.
Part B
Polotsk
A small town of Polotsk was founded by the Krivichi tribe on the Polota and its name is associated with the name of the river. It is a historical cradle of the Republic of Belarus. For the first time Polotsk was mentioned in the chronicles in 862.
There were many attempts to conquer Polotsk during its long and glorious history. For example crusaders tried to capture the town 12 times but failed.
During Vseslav’s ruling Polotsk developed politically. But in the second half of the 13th century Polotsk turned to the Great Duchy of Lithuania for help and lost its independence.
But Polotsk was situated on the trade ways and gradually it became the richest town and got Magdeburg rights.
In the 16th century in Polotsk Francisk Skorina was born. He was the first to print books in Slavonic languages, to translate the Bible into Byelorussian. Polotsk Pedagogical College, a street and a square are named after him.
In 1563 Polotsk was conquered by Ivan the Terrible and joined to Russia for 16 years.
In 1579 Stephan Batoriy conquered Polotsk and it became a part of Rzecz Pospo1ita for 2 centuries.
After the Great October Revolution Polotsk was a provincial town. And in 1940 it had only 33,000 people.
During the Great Patriotic War Polotsk was occupied by fascists and suffered destruction and famine. It was destroyed completely.
But nevertheless it survived and was rebuilt anew and now it has the population of 100,000 people. Nowadays Polotsk is a tourist and cultural centre of our Republic. It has a lot of places of interest the most famous of which are Sophia Cathedral, St. Eufrosinia Church, the monument to Scarina and Peter the First House. The town has a lot of museums such as the Region Musium, the Museum of the Belarusian book-printing, Nature and Ecology Museum and many others. Besides Polotsk has 20 industrial enterprises such as glass fiber plant “Steclovolokno”, furniture, bread, milk, meat factories, etc. 16 schools, 3 technical colleges, 2 sports schools, a musical school and an art school, 54 libraries and a cadet corps where two faculties of Polotsk State University are situated.
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16. Say whether the statements are true or false. If the statement is false correct the mistake.
Part A
1)Novopolotsk is a small town situated in the south of the republic of Belarus.
2)Novopolotsk was founded in 1958.
3)Novopolotsk is known to be the biggest center of oil-refining industry and microbiology.
4)Every fourth out of 100,000 inhabitants studies.
5)It offers a narrow range of social, cultural and leisure facilities.
6)In the centre of the town there is a central square – The Square of Builders.
7)There are no fountains in our town.
8)In the close proximity to the town there is an ancient city Polotsk.
Part B
1)For the first time Polotsk was mentioned in the chronicles in 862.
2)Crusaders tried to capture the town 12 times and they succeeded.
3)But in the second half of the 13th century Polotsk turned to Rzecz Pospo1ita for help and lost its independence.
4)After the Great October Revolution Polotsk was a provincial town.
5)During the Great October Revolution Polotsk was destroyed completely.
6)Nowadays Polotsk is an industrial and political centre of our Republic.
7)Polotsk has 20 industrial enterprises, 16 schools, 3 technical colleges, 2 sports schools, musical and art schools, 54 libraries and a cadet corps where two faculties of Polotsk State University are situated.
8)Francisk Skorina was the first to print books in Slavonic languages and to translate the Bible into Byelorussian.
17.Answer the questions after the text.
Part A
1)Where is Novopolotsk situated?
2)What is the population of the town?
3)When was Novopolotsk founded?
4)What are Novopolotsk’s industrial enterprises?
5)What facilities does the town offer?
6)There is the Square of Builders in the centre of the town, isn’t there?
7)Are there a number of libraries, a local museum, an art gallery in Novopolotsk?
8)What is the title of the feature film about Novopolotsk?
9)What is there in the close proximity to Novopolotsk?
10)Is Novopolotsk an easy town to live and study?
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Part B
1)Where is Polotsk situated?
2)When was Polotsk founded?
3)What is the population of the town?
4)What places of interest can you name?
5)Are there any industrial enterprises in Polotsk? What are they?
6)Who tried to conquer Polotsk?
7)What famous people of Polotsk do you know? What are the famous for?
8)Are there any educational establishments in Polotsk?
18.Complete the sentences.
Part A
1)Novopolotsk is a small town…
2)Novopolotsk came into existence…
3)There are four large industrial enterprises here:…
4)It offers a wide range of social, cultural and leisure facilities such as…
5)This is the venue…
6)The town is quite modern with…
7)Everybody jokes that…
8)In the close proximity to the town…
9)Polotsk is famous for…
10)It is a student town and…
Part B
1)A small town of Polotsk was founded by …
2)For the first time Polotsk was mentioned in …
3)There were many attempts to …
4)In the second half of the 13th century Polotsk turned to …
5)Polotsk was situated on the trade ways and ...
6)In 1563 Polotsk was conquered by …
7)In 1579 Stephan Batoriy conquered Polotsk and it became …
8)During the Great Patriotic War Polotsk was occupied by …
9)Nowadays Polotsk is a tourist and …
10)It has a lot of places of interest the most famous of which are …
19. Translate the following expressions from Russian into English. Part A
Расположенный на севере Беларуси; появляться; город химии; неф- теперерабатывающая промышленность; завод “ Измеритель”; НПЗ; БВК;
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