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US Army Dictionary of Military Terms

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As Amended Through 23 January 2002

comprising each of its four elements will always be mission dependent. The flexibility of the organizational structure allows for one or more subordinate MAGTFs to be assigned. Also called

MAGTF. See also aviation combat element; combat service support element; command element; ground combat element; Marine expeditionary force; Marine expeditionary force (forward); Marine expeditionary unit; special purpose Marine air-ground task force; task force.

Marine base — A base for support of Marine ground forces, consisting of activities or facilities for which the Marine Corps has operating responsibilities, together with interior lines of communications and the minimum surrounding area necessary for local security. (Normally, not greater than an area of 20 square miles.) See also base complex.

Marine division and wing team — A Marine Corps air-ground team consisting of one division and one aircraft wing, together with their normal reinforcements.

marine environment — The oceans, seas, bays, estuaries, and other major water bodies, including their surface interface and interaction, with the atmosphere and with the land seaward of the mean high water mark.

Marine expeditionary brigade — A Marine air-ground task force that is constructed around a reinforced infantry regiment, a composite Marine aircraft group, and a brigade service support group. The Marine expeditionary brigade (MEB), commanded by a general officer, is task-organized to meet the requirements of a specific situation. It can function as part of a joint task force, as the lead echelon of the Marine expeditionary force (MEF), or alone. It varies in size and composition, and is larger

than a Marine expeditionary unit but smaller than a MEF. The MEB is capable of conducting missions across the full range of military operations. Also called MEB.

See also brigade; Marine air-ground task force; Marine expeditionary force.

(JP 3-18)

Marine expeditionary force — The largest Marine air-ground task force (MAGTF) and the Marine Corps principal warfighting organization, particularly for larger crises or contingencies. It is task-organized around a permanent command element and normally contains one or more Marine divisions, Marine aircraft wings, and Marine force service support groups. The Marine expeditionary force is capable of missions across the range of military operations, including amphibious assault and sustained operations ashore in any environment. It can operate from a sea base, a land base, or both. Also called MEF. See also aviation combat element; combat service support element; command element; ground combat element; Marine air-ground task force; Marine expeditionary force (forward); Marine expeditionary unit; special purpose Marine air-ground task force; task force.

Marine expeditionary force (forward) —

A designated lead echelon of a Marine expeditionary force (MEF), task-organized to meet the requirements of a specific situation. A Marine expeditionary force (forward) varies in size and composition, and may be commanded by the MEF commander personally or by another designated commander. It may be tasked with preparing for the subsequent arrival of the rest of the MEF/joint/multinational forces, and/or the conduct of other specified tasks, at the discretion of the MEF commander. A Marine expeditionary force (forward) may also be a stand-alone Marine air-ground task force (MAGTF), taskorganized for a mission in which an MEF

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is not required. Also called MEF (FWD).

See also aviation combat element; combat service support element; command element; ground combat element; Marine air-ground task force; Marine expeditionary force; Marine expeditionary unit; Marine expeditionary unit (special operations capable); special purpose Marine airground task force; task force.

Marine expeditionary unit — A Marine airground task force (MAGTF) that is constructed around an infantry battalion reinforced, a helicopter squadron reinforced, and a task-organized combat service support element. It normally fulfills Marine Corps forward sea-based deployment requirements. The Marine expeditionary unit provides an immediate reaction capability for crisis response and is capable of limited combat operations. Also called MEU. See also aviation combat element; combat service support element; command element; ground combat element; Marine air-ground task force; Marine expeditionary force; Marine expeditionary force (forward); Marine expeditionary unit (special operations capable); special purpose Marine air-ground task force; task force.

Marine expeditionary unit (special operations capable) — The Marine Corps standard, forward-deployed, sea-based expeditionary organization. The Marine expeditionary unit (special operations capable) (MEU[SOC]) is a Marine expeditionary unit, augmented with selected personnel and equipment, that is trained and equipped with an enhanced capability to conduct amphibious operations and a variety of specialized missions of limited scope and duration. These capabilities include specialized demolition, clandestine reconnaissance and surveillance, raids, in-extremis hostage recovery, and enabling operations for

follow-on forces. The MEU(SOC) is not a special operations force but, when directed by the National Command Authorities, the combatant commander, and/or other operational commander, may conduct limited special operations in extremis, when other forces are inappropriate or unavailable. Also called MEU(SOC). See also aviation combat element; combat service support element; command element; ground combat element; Marine air-ground task force; Marine expeditionary force; Marine expeditionary force (forward); Marine expeditionary unit; special purpose Marine air-ground task force; task force.

Marine Logistics Command — The US Marines may employ the concept of the Marine Logistics Command (MLC) in major regional contingencies to provide operational logistic support, which will include arrival and assembly operations. The combat service support operations center will be the MLC’s primary combat service support coordination center for units undergoing arrival and assembly. Also called MLC. See also combat service support operations center. (JP 4-01.8)

maritime control area — An area generally similar to a defensive sea area in purpose except that it may be established any place on the high seas. Maritime control areas are normally established only in time of war. See also defensive sea area.

maritime defense sector — (*) One of the subdivisions of a coastal area.

maritime environment — The oceans, seas, bays, estuaries, islands, coastal areas, and the airspace above these, including the littorals.

maritime power projection — Power projection in and from the maritime environment, including a broad spectrum

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of offensive military operations to destroy enemy forces or logistic support or to prevent enemy forces from approaching within enemy weapons’ range of friendly forces. Maritime power projection may be accomplished by amphibious assault operations, attack of targets ashore, or support of sea control operations.

maritime pre-positioning force operation

A rapid deployment and assembly of a Marine expeditionary force in a secure area using a combination of strategic airlift and forward-deployed maritime pre-positioning ships. See also Marine expeditionary force; maritime pre-positioning ships.

(JP 4-01.6)

maritime pre-positioning ships —

Civilian-crewed, Military Sealift Command-chartered ships that are organized into three squadrons and are usually forward-deployed. These ships are loaded with pre-positioned equipment and 30 days of supplies to support three Marine expeditionary brigades. Also called MPS.

See also Navy cargo handling battalion.

maritime search and rescue region — The waters subject to the jurisdiction of the United States; the territories and possessions of the United States (except Canal Zone and the inland area of Alaska), and designated areas of the high seas. See also search and rescue region.

maritime special purpose force — A task-organized force formed from elements of a Marine expeditionary unit (special operations capable) and naval special warfare forces that can be quickly tailored to a specific mission. The maritime special purpose force can execute on short notice a wide variety of missions in a supporting, supported, or unilateral role. It focuses on operations in a maritime environment and is capable of operations in conjunction with or in support of special operations forces.

The maritime special purpose force is integral to and directly relies upon the Marine expeditionary unit (special operations capable) for all combat and combat service support. Also called MSPF. (JP 3-05)

maritime superiority — That degree of dominance of one force over another that permits the conduct of maritime operations by the former and its related land, sea, and air forces at a given time and place without prohibitive interference by the opposing force.

maritime supremacy — That degree of maritime superiority wherein the opposing force is incapable of effective interference.

marker — (*) 1. A visual or electronic aid used to mark a designated point. 2. In land mine warfare: See gap marker; intermediate marker; lane marker; row marker; strip marker. 3. In naval operations, a maritime unit which maintains an immediate offensive or obstructive capability against a specified target.

marker ship — (*) In an amphibious operation, a ship which takes accurate station on a designated control point. It may fly identifying flags by day and show lights to seaward by night.

marking — To maintain contact on a target from such a position that the marking unit has an immediate offensive capability.

marking error — (*) In naval mine warfare, the distance and bearing of a marker from a target.

marking fire — (*) Fire placed on a target for the purpose of identification.

marking panel — (*) A sheet of material displayed for visual communication,

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usually between friendly units. See also panel code.

married failure — (*) In naval mine warfare, a moored mine lying on the seabed connected to its sinker from which it has failed to release owing to defective mechanism.

marshal — A bearing, distance, and altitude fix designated by an air operations center, helicopter direction center, or carrier air traffic control center on which the pilot will orientate holding, and from which initial approach will commence during an instrument approach. See also air operations center; helicopter directions center. (JP 3-04.1)

marshalling — (*) 1. The process by which units participating in an amphibious or airborne operation group together or assemble when feasible or move to temporary camps in the vicinity of embarkation points, complete preparations for combat, or prepare for loading. 2. The process of assembling, holding, and organizing supplies and/or equipment, especially vehicles of transportation, for onward movement. See also stage; staging area.

marshalling area — Alocation in the vicinity of a reception terminal or pre-positioned equipment storage site where arriving unit personnel, equipment, materiel, and accompanying supplies are reassembled, returned to the control of the unit commander, and prepared for onward movement. The joint complex commander designating the location will coordinate the use of the facilities with other allied commands and the host nation, and will provide life support to the units while in the marshalling area. See also marshalling. (JP 4-01.8)

mass — (*) 1. The concentration of combat power. 2. The military formation in which units are spaced at less than the normal distances and intervals.

mass casualty — Any large number of casualties produced in a relatively short period of time, usually as the result of a single incident such as a military aircraft accident, hurricane, flood, earthquake, or armed attack that exceeds local logistic support capabilities. See also casualty.

massed fire — 1. The fire of the batteries of two or more ships directed against a single target. 2. Fire from a number of weapons directed at a single point or small area.

master — The commanding officer of a United States Naval Ship, a commercial ship, or a government-owned general agency agreement ship operated for the Military Sealift Command by a civilian company to transport Department of Defense cargo. Also called MA. (JP 3-02.2)

master air attack plan — A plan that contains key information that forms the foundation of the joint air tasking order. Sometimes referred to as the air employment plan or joint air tasking order shell. Information that may be found in the plan includes joint force commander guidance, joint force air component commander guidance, support plans, component requests, target update requests, availability of capabilities and forces, target information from target lists, aircraft allocation, etc. Also called MAAP. See also air attack; target. (JP 3-60)

master film — (*) The earliest generation of imagery (negative or positive) from which subsequent copies are produced.

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master plot — (*) A portion of a map or overlay on which are drawn the outlines of the areas covered by an air photographic sortie. Latitude and longitude, map, and sortie information are shown. See also sortie plot.

materials handling — (*) The movement of materials (raw materials, scrap, semifinished, and finished) to, through, and from productive processes; in warehouses and storage; and in receiving and shipping areas.

materials handling equipment —

Mechanical devices for handling of supplies with greater ease and economy. Also called

MHE. See also materials handling.

(JP 4-01.8)

materiel — All items (including ships, tanks, self-propelled weapons, aircraft, etc., and related spares, repair parts, and support equipment, but excluding real property, installations, and utilities) necessary to equip, operate, maintain, and support military activities without distinction as to its application for administrative or combat purposes. See also equipment; personal property.

materiel cognizance — Denotes responsibility for exercising supply management over items or categories of materiel.

materiel control — See inventory control.

materiel inventory objective — The quantity of an item required to be on hand and on order on M-day in order to equip, provide a materiel pipeline, and sustain the approved US force structure (active and reserve) and those Allied forces designated for US materiel support, through the period prescribed for war materiel planning purposes. It is the quantity by which the war materiel requirement exceeds the war

materiel procurement capability and the war materiel requirement adjustment. It includes the M-day force materiel requirement and the war reserve materiel requirement.

materiel management — See inventory control.

materiel pipeline — The quantity of an item required in the worldwide supply system to maintain an uninterrupted replacement flow.

materiel planning — A subset of logistic planning consisting of a four-step process. a. requirements definition. Requirements for significant items must be calculated at item level detail (i.e., National Stock Number) to support sustainability planning and analysis. Requirements include unit roundout, consumption and attrition replacement, safety stock, and the needs of allies. b. apportionment. Items are apportioned to the combatant commanders based on a global scenario to avoid sourcing of items to multiple theaters. The basis for apportionment is the capability provided by unit stocks, host-nation support, theater prepositioned war reserve stocks and industrial base, and continental United States Department of Defense stockpiles and available production. Item apportionment cannot exceed total capabilities. c. sourcing. Sourcing is the matching of available capabilities on a given date against item requirements to support sustainability analysis and the identification of locations to support transportation planning. Sourcing of any item is done within the combatant commander’s apportionment. d. documentation. Sourced item requirements and corresponding shortfalls are major inputs to the combatant commander’s sustainability analysis. Sourced item requirements are translated into movement requirements and documented in the Joint Operation Planning

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and Execution System database for transportation feasibility analysis. Movement requirements for nonsignificant items are estimated in tonnage.

materiel readiness — The availability of materiel required by a military organization to support its wartime activities or contingencies, disaster relief (flood, earthquake, etc.), or other emergencies.

materiel release confirmation — A notification from a shipping or storage activity advising the originator of a materiel release order of the positive action taken on the order. It will also be used with appropriate shipment status document identifier codes as a reply to a followup initiated by the inventory control point.

materiel release order — An order issued by an accountable supply system manager (usually an inventory control point or accountable depot or stock point) directing a non-accountable activity (usually a storage site or materiel drop point) within the same supply distribution complex to release and ship materiel.

materiel requirements — Those quantities of items of equipment and supplies necessary to equip, provide a materiel pipeline, and sustain a Service, formation, organization, or unit in the fulfillment of its purposes or tasks during a specified period.

maximum effective range — The maximum distance at which a weapon may be expected to be accurate and achieve the desired effect.

maximum elevation figure — (*) A figure, shown in each quadrangle bounded by ticked graticule lines on aeronautical charts, which represents the height in thousands and hundreds of feet, above mean sea level,

of the highest known natural or manmade feature in that quadrangle, plus suitable factors to allow for inaccuracy and incompleteness of the topographical heighting information.

maximum enlisted amount — For any month, the sum of: a. the highest rate of basic pay payable for such month to any enlisted member of the Armed Forces of the United States at the highest pay grade applicable to enlisted members; and b. in the case of officers entitled to special pay under Title 37, United States Code, for such month, the amount of such special pay payable to such officers for such month. (JP 1-0)

maximum landing weight — (*) The maximum gross weight due to design or operational limitations at which an aircraft is permitted to land.

maximum operating depth — The keel depth that a submarine is not to exceed during operations. This depth is determined by the submarine’s national naval authority. See also test depth.

maximum ordinate — (*) In artillery and naval gunfire support, the height of the highest point in the trajectory of a projectile above the horizontal plane passing through its origin. Also called vertex height.

maximum permissible concentration — See radioactivity concentration guide.

maximum permissible dose — (*) That radiation dose which a military commander or other appropriate authority may prescribe as the limiting cumulative radiation dose to be received over a specific period of time by members of the command, consistent with current operational military considerations.

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maximum range — (*) The greatest distance a weapon can fire without consideration of dispersion.

maximum sustained speed — (*) In road transport, the highest speed at which a vehicle, with its rated payload, can be driven for an extended period on a level first-class highway without sustaining damage.

maximum take-off weight — (*) The maximum gross weight due to design or operational limitations at which an aircraft is permitted to take off.

mayday — Distress call.

M-day — See times.

M-day force materiel requirement — The quantity of an item required to be on hand and on order (on M-day minus one day) to equip and provide a materiel pipeline for the approved peacetime US force structure, both active and reserve.

meaconing — (*) A system of receiving radio beacon signals and rebroadcasting them on the same frequency to confuse navigation. The meaconing stations cause inaccurate bearings to be obtained by aircraft or ground stations.

mean lethal dose — (*) 1. The amount of nuclear irradiation of the whole body which would be fatal to 50 percent of the exposed personnel in a given period of time. 2. The dose of chemical agent that would kill 50 percent of exposed, unprotected, and untreated personnel.

mean line of advance — In naval usage, the direction expected to be made good over a sustained period.

mean point of burst — See mean point of impact.

mean point of impact — (*) The point whose coordinates are the arithmetic means of the coordinates of the separate points of impact/burst of a finite number of projectiles fired or released at the same aiming point under a given set of conditions.

mean sea level — The average height of the surface of the sea for all stages of the tide; used as a reference for elevations. Also called MSL.

means of transport — See mode of transport.

measured mile — (*) In maritime navigation, distance precisely measured and marked, used by a vessel to calibrate its log.

measurement and signature intelligence —

Scientific and technical intelligence obtained by quantitative and qualitative analysis of data (metric, angle, spatial, wavelength, time dependence, modulation, plasma, and hydromagnetic) derived from specific technical sensors for the purpose of identifying any distinctive features associated with the target, source, emitter, or sender measurement of the same. The detected feature may be either reflected or emitted. Also called MASINT. See also intelligence; scientific and technical intelligence. (JP 2-01.3)

measurement ton — The unit of volumetric measurement of equipment associated with surface-delivered cargo. Measurement tons equal total cubic feet divided by 40 (1MTON = 40 cubic feet). Also called

M/T, MT, MTON.

measures of effectiveness — Tools used to measure results achieved in the overall mission and execution of assigned tasks. Measures of effectiveness are a prerequisite to the performance of combat assessment.

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Also called MOEs. See also combat assessment; mission. (JP 3-60)

mechanical sweep — (*) In naval mine warfare, any sweep used with the object of physically contacting the mine or its appendages.

median incapacitating dose — (*) The amount or quantity of chemical agent which when introduced into the body will incapacitate 50 percent of exposed, unprotected personnel.

media pool — A limited number of news media who represent a larger number of news media organizations for purposes of news gathering and sharing of material during a specified activity. Pooling is typically used when news media support resources cannot accommodate a large number of journalists. The Department of Defense National Media Pool is available for coverage of the earliest stages of a contingency. Additionally, the combatant commanders may also find it necessary to form limited local pools to report on specific missions. See also news media representative; public affairs. (JP 3-61)

medical evacuees — Personnel who are wounded, injured, or ill and must be moved to or between medical facilities.

medical intelligence — That category of intelligence resulting from collection, evaluation, analysis, and interpretation of foreign medical, bio-scientific, and environmental information that is of interest to strategic planning and to military medical planning and operations for the conservation of the fighting strength of friendly forces and the formation of assessments of foreign medical capabilities in both military and civilian sectors. Also called MEDINT. See also intelligence.

(JP 2-02)

medical officer — (*) Physician with officer rank. Also called MO.

medical regulating — The actions and coordination necessary to arrange for the movement of patients through the levels of care. This process matches patients with a medical treatment facility that has the necessary health service support capabilities and available bed space. See also health service support; medical treatment facility. (JP 4-02)

medical surveillance — The ongoing, systematic collection of health data essential to the evaluation, planning, and implementation of public health practice, closely integrated with timely dissemination of data as required by higher authority. See also surveillance. (JP 4-02)

medical treatment facility — A facility established for the purpose of furnishing medical and/or dental care to eligible individuals.

medium-angle loft bombing — Type of loft bombing wherein weapon release occurs at an angle between 35 and 75 degrees above the horizontal.

medium artillery — See field artillery.

medium-lot storage — Generally defined as a quantity of material that will require one to three pallet stacks, stored to maximum height. Thus, the term refers to relatively small lots as distinguished from definitely large or small lots. See also storage.

medium-range ballistic missile — A ballistic missile with a range capability from about 600 to 1,500 nautical miles.

medium-range bomber aircraft — A bomber designed for a tactical operating

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radius of under 1,000 nautical miles at design gross weight and design bomb load.

medium-range transport aircraft — See transport aircraft.

medium-scale map — A map having a scale larger than 1:600,000 and smaller than 1:75,000. See also map.

meeting engagement — (*) A combat action that occurs when a moving force, incompletely deployed for battle, engages an enemy at an unexpected time and place.

megaton weapon — (*) A nuclear weapon, the yield of which is measured in terms of millions of tons of trinitrotoluene explosive equivalents. See also kiloton weapon; nominal weapon; subkiloton weapon.

merchant convoy — (*) Aconvoy consisting primarily of merchant ships controlled by the naval control of shipping organization.

merchant intelligence — In intelligence handling, communication instructions for reporting by merchant vessels of vital intelligence sightings. Also called

MERINT.

merchant ship — (*) A vessel engaged in mercantile trade except river craft, estuarial craft, or craft which operate solely within harbor limits.

merchant ship casualty report — A report by message, or other means, of a casualty to a merchant ship at sea or in port. Merchant ship casualty reports are sent by the escort force commander or other appropriate authority to the operational control authority in whose area the casualty occurred.

merchant ship communications system —

(*) A worldwide system of communications to and from merchant ships using the

peacetime commercial organization as a basis but under operational control authority, with the ability to employ the broadcast mode to ships when the situation makes radio silence necessary. Also called mercomms system.

merchant ship control zone — (*) Adefined area of sea or ocean inside which it may be necessary to offer guidance, control, and protection to Allied shipping.

merchant ship reporting and control message system — (*) A worldwide message system for reporting the movements of and information relating to the control of merchant ships.

mercomms system — See merchant ship communications system.

message — Any thought or idea expressed briefly in a plain or secret language and prepared in a form suitable for transmission by any means of communication.

message center — See telecommunications center.

message (telecommunications) — Record information expressed in plain or encrypted language and prepared in a format specified for intended transmission by a telecommunications system.

metadata — Information about information; more specifically, information about the meaning of other data. See also data; information. (JP 2-03)

meteorological and oceanographic — A term used to convey all meteorological (weather) and oceanographic (physical oceanography) factors as provided by Service components. These factors include the whole range of atmospheric and oceanographic phenomena, from the subbottom of the earth’s oceans up to the space

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environment (space weather). Also called METOC. (JP 3-59)

Meteorological and Oceanographic Forecast Center — The collective of electronically connected, shore-based meteorological and oceanographic (METOC) production facilities that includes centers such as Air Force Weather Agency, Navy Fleet Numerical METOC Center, 55th Space Weather Squadron, Naval Oceanographic Office, Warfighting Support Center, Air Force Combat Climatology Center, Fleet Numerical METOC Center Detachment, Asheville, North Carolina, and the Air Force and Navy theater and/or regional METOC production activities. Also called MFC. See also meteorological and oceanographic.

(JP 3-59)

meteorological data — Meteorological facts pertaining to the atmosphere, such as wind, temperature, air density, and other phenomena that affect military operations.

meteorology — The study dealing with the phenomena of the atmosphere including the physics, chemistry, and dynamics extending to the effects of the atmosphere on the earth’s surface and the oceans. (JP 3-59)

microform — (*) A generic term for any form, whether film, video tape, paper, or other medium, containing miniaturized or otherwise compressed images which cannot be read without special display devices.

midcourse guidance — The guidance applied to a missile between termination of the boost phase and the start of the terminal phase of flight.

midcourse phase — That portion of the trajectory of a ballistic missile between the boost phase and the reentry phase. See also ballistic trajectory; boost phase; reentry phase; terminal phase.

militarily significant fallout — Radioactive contamination capable of inflicting radiation doses on personnel which may result in a reduction of their combat effectiveness.

Military Affiliate Radio System — A program conducted by the Departments of the Army, Navy, and Air Force in which amateur radio stations and operators participate in and contribute to the mission of providing auxiliary and emergency communications on a local, national, or international basis as an adjunct to normal military communications. Also called

MARS.

military assistance advisory group — A joint Service group, normally under the military command of a commander of a unified command and representing the Secretary of Defense, which primarily administers the US military assistance planning and programming in the host country. Also called MAAG.

Military Assistance Articles and Services List — A Department of Defense publication listing source, availability, and price of items and services for use by the unified commands and Military Departments in preparing military assistance plans and programs.

Military Assistance Program — That portion of the US security assistance authorized by the Foreign Assistance Act of l961, as amended, which provides defense articles and services to recipients on a nonreimbursable (grant) basis. Also called MAP.

Military Assistance Program training — See international military education and training.

military capability — The ability to achieve a specified wartime objective (win a war

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