Infinitives

1. This middleware will monitor system performance and execute repairs, resource allocations, and applications as necessary, without barraging network administrators with new parameters to set and operational decisions to make.

2. Computer architectures were supposed to be beautiful, not driven by efficiency.

3. It’s not a revolution that Gorton foresaw, but it is one that he is happy to help lead.

4. A criterion for “event coverage” might require all reachable events in a GUI to execute at least once during a complete cycle of test cases.

5. Other goals include portable tools and techniques to allow test information generated on one platform to be used on all other execution platforms.

6. It also lets users brose many sites at once with a minimum of desktop clutter by opening “tabs” in a window, rather than creating new windows.

7. Science is supposed to learn more from its failures than from its successes.

8. Because humans can’t identify and fix problems fast enough to permit a petaflops computer to continue functioning effectively, IBM is using autonomic-computing principles to enable self-healing and self-management.

9. Processors can include self-healing firmware with enough intelligence to make necessary decisions quickly enough to heal or bypass the system’s problems before it crashes.

10. In recent years, the world’s second-and-third-largest PC makers, Compaq and HP, have both seen their market share in China fall sharply.

11. Success requires foreign company to partner with Chinese companies to gain distribution channel and market access.

12. China has succeeded with an import substitution strategy that proved to be much less successful in India, Brazil and Mexico during the 1980s.

MODAL VERBS

1. This design evolved into the geometry engine, the chip that was to be the foundation for launching Silicon Graphics Inc.

2. Instead of needing microcode to translate the instruction set, the processor would encounter instructions so simple that it could execute them directly.

3. It was clear that a chip with RISK architecture needed to be built.

4. He told Hennessy that to get RISK ideas out into the world he would have to start his own company.

5. Looking back, he admits they made a fair number of design errors and the chip wasn’t as efficient as it could have been.

6. For conventional servers many operations have to be done explicitly, by physically detaching and reattaching cables and then manually reinstalling software and reconfiguring networking information.

7. Many customers fear that they may be tied to a single vendor or, even worse, that they may eventually get stuck with products from different manufacturers that don’t talk to each other.

8. So buyers need to take into account such things as how many machines they have, how much they spend on maintenance, and what levels of reliability they need to find out how they can benefit from blades.

9. Developers can write service implementations in other programming languages, but they must encapsulate each object in Java Native Interface wrapper so that Java environment can dynamically load the objects.

10. Meanwhile, they will have to overcome the obstacles still facing the technology.

11. Another potential advantage is that optical connection in chips wouldn’t generate crosstalk which can degrade performance.

12. In spite of radical research developments chip connections may not be ready for commercial use for another 10 years.

PARTICIPLES

1. A PRAM – Parallel Random Access Machine – is a device that provides massively parallel computing power with processors working synchronously on a shared memory with uniform memory access time.

2. C++ has evolved through three reasonably distinct phases, each being regarded as a separate language, with different features and supporting different styles.

3. In this new model, businesses offer Web services that applications running in other businesses could invoke automatically, building bridges between systems that otherwise would require extensive integration and development efforts.

4. IBM’s leading self-healing research efforts have been the eLisa and subsequent autonomic-computing projects.

5. Several research projects promised improved distributed storage technologies as a way to cope with rapidly growing data volumes and increasingly scattered organizations.

6. Automated or not, the time-consuming record-playback approach easily misses important GUI decisions.

7. How much power blades can save varies on a case-by-case basis, depending on the types of processors and applications being used.

8. Finally, while China has favored domestic firms, it has maintained a highly competitive local computer market, the approach benefiting computer users and helping domestic firms prepare to compete in markets outside China.

9. Zucotto Systems develops semiconductor solutions for wireless Internet applications, the company’s Xpresso Java native processors targeting embedded systems in the network service and consumer device markets.

10. UPnP is an open, distributed architecture being developed for proximity networking – networks available to all clients in the same geographical area as a service they desire.

11. Jini has come a long way since it was officially introduced in 1999, the technology having already been seen as a solution to a number of challenging issues.

12. JetSend fully describes the content being exchanged so that the data transfer is both machine- and operating system independent.

GERUNDS

1. Anticipating problems, determining the probability of problems occurring, evaluating the potential impact and preparing the solutions in advance all require considerable effort.

2. Much C++ suffers from being low-level and repetitive.

3. PCF helps in understanding the roles of the various proposed standards with respect to these building blocks and in identifying both overlaps and gaps.

4. Researchers are accelerating works on self-monitoring, self-healing systems, which detect problems and continue to operate by fixing or simply bypassing malfunctions without human intervention.

5. Despite having been around for more than thirty years, conventional servers still have many drawbacks: they take up huge amounts of space and use a lot of electricity.

6. By sharing these components instead of having their own, the blades require much less space, cabling, and power in comparison with conventional servers.

7. The country’s domestic PC makers have grown by focusing on the middle and lower end of the market and taking market share from foreign vendors and clone makers.

8. Finally, having manufacturing capabilities inside China is vital, both to avoid tariffs and the value added tax and to show the commitment to the Chinese market.

9. Jini has focused on coordinating device-to-device communication, JetSend being concentrated on data content encoding, negotiation and conversation.

10. While many potential pitfalls in dealing with traditional distribution channels remain, bypassing these channels by selling direct is difficult, as Dell found out.

11. Putting optical connections on chips would be expensive because it is a new technology and adding the physical infrastructure and then generating light streams would also be expensive.

12. However, fiber interconnects would offer greater data capacity and eliminate the cost of packaging and placing large number of pins in a chip with metal connections.

NOUN GROUPS

1. It advises IT staff to ensure that new systems processing personal data are covered by the DPA (Data Protection Act) before any processing occurs.

2. Creating national software standard based on Linux should also help some foreign information technology vendors.

3. Our proposed Process Coordination Framework outlines the building blocks required Web services-enabled e-business automation.

4. This process is extremely labor intensive, often relying on the test designer’s ability to generate interesting GUI interactions.

5. An automatic test case generator can provide higher level of support, but a programmer must code it for all possible decision points in the GUI.

6. The difficulty of anticipating a test case’s fault-detection capability makes it difficult, in turn, to select the most effective subset.

7. National Instruments Educational Laboratory Virtual Instrumentation Suite empowers professors and students to connect theory to the real world through an integrated design, prototype, and measurement platform built on the powerful NI Lab VIEW graphical development environment.

8. After a 3-D application has filled the graphics card’s frame-buffer memories with its 3-D image, our software extracts the color position and depth information for each pixel and passes it onto the DepthCube’s 3-D frame buffer.

9. A programming-language-neutral interface definition language specifies interfaces for accessing a service.

10. Successful information technology sourcing decisions require customers to identify their IT needs, and develop significant contract-crafting and relationship management skills.

11. A US startup Barcelona Design plans to build engines for different chip maker’s manufacturing processes.

12. Barcelona Design’s Prado Synthesis Platform automates much of the work of analog-circuit design for chips, a process that in the past required many engineers and considerable time and money.

CONDITIONALS

1. After all, if allowed to run unchecked, a single purchased movie could be replayed on literary millions televisions worldwide.

2. Had the scheme been based on broadcast encryption, on the other hand, developers could have issued new disks that would exclude those circumvention programs without affecting legitimate consumer devices.

3. HP has put self-healing technology – including the ability to correct single-bit errors in the CPU cache and to replace a processor if there are too many errors to fix – in some of its newer servers.

4. If the designers have to generate a subset of all possible test cases, they often must select the subset during test case generation.

5. Also, if the oracle does not verify the QUI after each execution step, pinpointing the error’s actual cause can become difficult.

6. Stunning graphics can fool the eyes into believing a few lines of code and a few electrons really are an intricate world, but only with haptics (science of touch) can players reach in, touch, and manipulate that world as if it were real.

7. If its plans fit with the wellbeing of the locality, a small company could receive support and expand quickly into an enterprise group or public company with a much higher value.

8. Thus, if one computer or an important element had failed, the system could have switched to another.

9. However, software that does understand the protocol, if set up and used appropriately, should scan and catch worms downloaded once a system tries to save an infected file.

10. Were defining software requirements difficult, defining a universal, fixed process would be difficult as well.

11. If software is a rational endeavor, improving quality involves better and more resources: better management, better tools, more disciplined production, and more programmers.

12. If software is a craft, improving quality involves the exact opposite: focusing on hierarchy, better knowledge, more-skilled programmers, and greater development flexibility.

WORDS AND PHRASES

1. To date, some of the most promising ideas have been brought to market by a group of smaller vendors.

2. It was one of them, in fact, that pioneered the very idea of a super-slim server.

3. As it turns out, even RLX dropped out of the blades market, announcing early this year it would focus solely on server management software.

4. So the competition is based not so much on which components they use as on how cleverly they can make them work together.

5. So far not ideal solution has emerged, and therefore the race is on.

6. Two to the 64-th power is an extremely large number, and there are usually two operands involved.

7. These laboratory curiosities never reached the market because they could not be manufactured reliably, nor could they produce full-color images or work with existing graphics software.

8. Few, if any, developing countries would have such desirable markets or be able to attract foreign investment on terms so favorable to the host country.

9. China’s computer industry policies have succeeded in expanding both production and computer use, taking advantage of domestic capabilities as well as attracting leading multinationals to produce in China.

10. Although China’s growing PC market has created opportunities for domestic and foreign PC makers alike, the latter have seen their market shares shrink dramatically, an outcome consistent with the government’s desire to avoid foreign domination on its IT sector.

11. China has become a major force in the global PC industry, as both the most attractive growth market and as a large producer.

12. By now, however, China’s PC makers are strong enough to compete on an even footing in their home market.

ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS

1. They are much easier to install, manage, and repair than conventional servers – especially when you have hundreds of thousands of units.

2. The upshot is that the more blades proliferate, the closer administrators come to eliminating a longstanding problem in computer room everywhere: machines are working far below their full computing capacity.

3. Even worse – perhaps their biggest shortcoming – is their relative inflexibility.

4. Because they share power supplies and have fewer functional chips and other components, blades consume less electricity and generate less heat.

5. Worse still, other customers reported they found out they didn’t have enough electric power to run whole racks of blades.

6. Because of the comparative ease with which they can be upgraded or reconfigured, blades have lower administrative and service costs, which can make up for the higher initial outlay in as few as two or three years.

7. Recent advances in projection technologies, including cheaper, brighter laser diodes have made the swept-volume display an effective part of machinery for high-end visualization.

8. Cheaper, faster, and more customizable than established players, Linux has become the film industry’s new favorite.

9. Ultimately, data rates would depend on more than just optical technology’s higher speeds.

10. However, adding more transistors requires building a greater number of metal connections closer together, which increases energy use and electrical interference.

11. Unlike Intel processors, which really need dual-channel memory to provide their best performance, the AMD Sempron is quite happy with single-channel PC3200 DDR-SDRAM.

12. Sempron processors are noticeably faster than Celerons for most tasks, consume less power, and run cooler.