- •Lesson 1
- •Text a a first look at computers
- •Text b a short history of the personal computer
- •Text c renewing your license with a touchscreen
- •Lesson 2
- •Text a types of computers
- •Text b steve jobs and the NeXt computer
- •Text c learning a foreign language with hypertext
- •Lesson 3
- •Text a living with computers
- •Text b bits of history
- •Text c hot rod chips
- •Lesson 4
- •Text a elements of hardware
- •Text b history of the chip
- •Text c software down on the farm
- •Lesson 5
- •Text a memory
- •Internal Memory
- •Text b engineering with cad
- •Text c help for nurses from helpmate
- •Lesson 6
- •Text a elements of hardware
- •Input/Output Telecommunication
- •Text b the first computer
- •Text c creating 3-d models with a digitizer
- •Lesson 7
- •Text a types of software
- •Text b generations of computers
- •Text c monitoring weather at portland general electric
- •Lesson 8
- •Text a software package terminology
- •Text b bits of history – software
- •Text c surviving in kuwait
- •Lesson 9
- •Text a types of software
- •Integrated Software
- •Text b the “father” of the mouse
- •Text c data base helps fight on aids
- •Additional materials texts networks supporting the way we live
- •Modern networks
- •Workstation
- •What is dsp?
- •From Analog to Digital
- •Blinding Speed
- •DsPs versus Microprocessors
- •Different dsPs For Different Jobs
- •Dsp Evolution
- •Things that have dsPs
- •Robots Definitions
- •History
- •Early modern developments
- •Modern developments
- •General-purpose autonomous robots
- •Dedicated robots
- •Computer-aided manufacturing
- •Integration with plm and the extended enterprise
- •Basic and the first pc
- •Tools of the trade
- •Is "bug-free" software possible?
- •Prison inmates pass their time with programming
- •All circuits are busy
- •A data base with a view
- •Computer-aided school bus routing
- •Smart workers for smart machines
- •Robotics and the chip
- •The importance of software
- •" I ’ ll have the usual"
- •Exercises
- •Infinitives
- •Topics general information about the usa
- •Usa history, customs and traditions.
- •First programmers
- •My plans for future
- •My future profession
- •Glossary
Text a types of software
Spreadsheets
Also known as financial analysis software, this use of the personal computer is built around a table of rows and columns called a spreadsheet. The user enters values and labels into cells at the intersection of the rows and columns. Various relationships between the values in the table are then defined using formulas that are also entered in cells. Whenever the user changes a value, the package uses the formulas to re-compute all other values that depend on the changed value.
This sort of analysis allows the user to determine the effect of changing the values or assumptions in the spreadsheet. The capability of spreadsheet software to recalculate all values whenever a single value or assumption is changed is extremely important. A manager working with the budgetary or planning process can test many assumptions or scenarios by changing a few values or formulas and then letting the spreadsheet do the work. Most spreadsheets now also incorporate both graphics and data base management capabilities. One of the most popular spreadsheet programs is Microsoft Excel.
Accounting Software
For businesses, accounting software is extremely important since the accounting function enables a business to keep up-to-date and accurate records of its financial position. Using the output from accounting software, a firm is better able to make both short-term and long-term plans. Accounting packages come in various levels of specialization, ranging from general packages to industry-specific packages and even firm-specific packages.
While it is unrealistic to think that a family needs full-scale accounting software, there are home budgeting software packages available that meet the needs of the average family. These packages allow a family to computerize its budget and to record cash inflows and outflows in a manner similar to business accounting packages.
Data Base Management Software
A common operation both at work and at home is that of storing information. This storage may be as simple as a 3- by 5-inch index card box of recipes or as complex as rows of filing cabinets containing personnel records. We may wish to rearrange the information or search for a particular element or group of elements that has specific attributes. With data base management software, a user can perform the same operations on a computer. In a sense, this type of package acts as an "electronic filing clerk." The term data base refers to a collection of information that is arranged for easy manipulation and retrieval. A good example of popular data base management software is Microsoft Access.
The simplest data base management packages enable their users to create a single data base file that can be rearranged or searched as needed. More sophisticated packages enable the user to work with multiple data base files to find and manage information. An important operation using data base management software is sorting. When a data base file is sorted, it is arranged according to characteristic, for example, in alphabetical order or in numerical order, depending on the user's need.
Another important operation in working with a data base is that of retrieving elements that match a given criterion. The user can also specify a second and even a third criterion, and the elements that match all of the criteria can then be output. Data base management packages are very important when an individual or a firm must manage large volumes of data in such a way that information needed to make a decision is easily found.