B.Crowell - Conservation Laws, Vol
.2.pdfIndex
A
alchemists 13 angular momentum
choice of axis theorem 96 defined 91
definition 92 introduction to 89
related to area swept out 94 spin theorem 97
C
center of mass
frame of reference 75 related to momentum 74
Chadwick, James discovery of neutron 72
choice of axis theorem 96 collision
defined 70 conduction of heat
distinguished from work 42
D
dot product of two vectors 56
E
electrical force in atoms 72
electron 72
element, chemical 13 energy
gravitational potential energy 33 potential 32
equilibrium defined 103
F
fulcrum 106
G
gamma ray 72
H
heat
as a fluid 30
as a form of kinetic energy 30 heat conduction
distinguished from work 42
J
Joyce, James 29
K
Kepler
law of equal areas 94 kinetic energy 20
compared to momentum 68
L
lever 106
M
momentum
compared to kinetic energy 68 defined 65
examples in three dimensions 79 of light 67
rate of change of 76 related to center of mass 74 transfer of 76
N
Neanderthals 107 neutron
discovery of 72 nucleus 72
P
particle zoo 29
perpetual motion machine 14 potential energy
electrical 36 gravitational 33, 53 nuclear 37
of a spring 52 related to work 52
power 23 proton 72
Q
quarks 29
R
rigid rotation defined 90
S
scalar (dot) product 56 slingshot effect 76 spin theorem 97 spring
potential energy of 52
121
work done by 52 statics 103
T
Temperature
as a measure of energy per atom 31 thermodynamics 31
torque defined 98
due to gravity 101 relationship to force 99
W
work
calculated with calculus 51 defined 42
distinguished from heat conduction 42 done by a spring 52
done by a varying force 49 in three dimensions 47 positive and negative 45 related to potential energy 52
work-kinetic energy theorem 54
122
Photo Credits
All photographs are by Benjamin Crowell, except as noted below.
Cover
Sun: Image from the SOHO space probe, NASA/European Space Agency.
Hurricane Andrew, 1992: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
Chapter 1
Jupiter: Images from the Hubble Space Telescope, NASA. Skateboarder in pool: J.D. Rogge, from www.sonic.net/~shawn.
Hoover Dam: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, Lower Colorado Region.
Chapter 3
Breaking Trail: Art by Walter E. Bohl. Image courtesy of the University of Michigan Museum of Art/School of Information and Library Studies.
Chapter 4
Nucleus of Halley’s comet: NASA
Halley’s comet with tail: W. Liller.
Chadwick’s apparatus: The original drawing from Chadwick’s paper.
Wrench: Uncopyrighted photograph from PSSC Physics.
Chapter 5
Tornado: Rev. Robert Alexander. Longjump: Thomas Eakins.
Diver; strobe photo of pendulum: PSSC Physics.
Windmill farm: Tehachapi, CA. U.S. Department of Energy.
White dwarf: Image of NGC 2440 from the Hubble Space Telescope, H. Bond and R. Ciardullo.
© 1998 Benjamin Crowell |
123 |
124
125
126
127
128
129
130