2_1 / grammar

INFINITIVE VS. GERUND

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Exercise 34. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian. Pay

attention to highlighted phrases.

1. I can't help mentioning one more interesting fact. 2. The idea of using this technique is new and somewhat unexpected. 3. It's worth mentioning in this connection that this technique found no support two years ago. 4. It's useless devoting too much time to this problem without specifying all the details of the procedure. It's no good wasting much time in debates. 5. We insist on treating another important element in this technique. 6. The way of avoiding these difficulties is unknown at present. 7. This procedure will give us the possibility of determining both the state estimation and the lime delay.

Exercise 35. Complete the sentences using Gerund.

1. They succeeded in ... . 2. His coming prevented us from ... . 3. They objected lo ... . 4. It's worth-while ... . 5. You must thank them for ... . 6. His idea of ... . 7. It's useless ... . 8. I can't help ... .

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Exercise 36. Express the purpose of the action.

1.The scientist used nuclear replacement to … .

2.The Japanese are inventing robots to … .

3.The ―fly – by –wire‖ technology was launched to … .

4.The total immersion software is utilized to … .

5.It is unethical to use guinea pigs to … .

6.I drove into the service station to … .

7.I bought a new screwdriver to … .

8.I gave up playing computer games to … .

9.We have enhanced computer security to … .

10.I entered The KPI to … .

Exercise 37. State you opinion using verbs in the brackets as in the example.

e.g. Does this value change? (expect) - We expect it to change.

1. Do your friends know physics well? (expect) 2. Do they make physics experiments? (know) 3. Do they take interest in the differential equations? (believe) 4. Will they take exams in mathematical analysis? (suppose). 5. Will they get good marks in computing? (believe) 6. Will they become investigators soon? (doubt) 6. Has he made the necessary measurements yet? (expect) 7. Have they checked the results yet? (believe) 8. Have they accounted for this effect? (expect) 9. Has this value changed? (assume) 10. Has the platinum plate reached a sufficiently high temperature? (believe) 11. Has she found an answer to this problem? (doubt) 12. Does this metal become glowing at 30°С? (expect) 13. Is the luminous intensity of a firefly measurable? (know) 14. Does platinum become glowing at this temperature? (assume) 15. Does this substance emit visible light? (see) 16. Is light from a fluorescent lamp incandescent? (doubt) 17. Are the two surfaces at equal distance from the point source? (find)

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Exercise 38. Complete the sentences using the infinitive after adjectives.

1.I was glad to get a letter from you.

2.I was relieved to … that I had passed the exam.

3.Sue is lucky … alive after the accident.

4.The soldiers were prepared .

6.Dick didn't feel like going anywhere. He was content … home and … a book.

7.The teacher is always willing … us.

8.The students are motivated … English.

9.Ann is proud … the top student in her group.

10.I was surprised … Mr. Yamamoto at the meeting.

14. We were sorry … the bad news.

Exercise 39. Make sentences beginning with it. Use a form of the given

expression in your sentence, followed by an infinitive phrase.

e.g.: be dangerous – It’s dangerous to ride a motorcycle without wearing a helmet.

be important, be boring, not be easy, be foolish, must be interesting, be always a pleasure, be clever of you, not cost much money, be necessary, might be good idea

Exercise 40. Restate the given sentences. Choose the most appropriate reporting verb in parentheses. Make it active or passive as appropriate. Include an Infinitive in the completion and any other necessary words.

e.g.: The sign said, "No parking in this area. Violators will be towed away."(invite,

warn, force). Drivers were warned not to park in this area.

1.Under the law, drivers and all passengers must wear seat belts while in a moving vehicle. (encourage, require, permit). Drivers and passengers ... seat belts while in a moving vehicle.

2.When I asked the nurse about my skin rash, she said, "You should consult a

dermatologist."(ask, permit, advise). The nurse ... a dermatologist.

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3.The fire chief said, "Everyone must leave the building immediately." (order, remind, allow). Everyone ... the building immediately.

4.The instructor said to the students, "You will have exactly one hour to complete the exam."(order, expect, warn) The students ... the exam in one hour.

5.My garage mechanic said, "You should get a tune-up every 5,000 miles."(ask, order, advise). My garage mechanic ... a tune-up every 5,000 miles.

6.The factory manager said to the employees, "Do not come late. If you do, you will lose your jobs."(ask, warn, encourage) The employees ... late.

7.The sign on the side door says, "Do not enter," so we have to use a different door. (ask, permit, force) Nobody ... the side door.

8.We often told our grandfather, "Your experiences as a sailor in the navy were fascinating. You should write a book about them."(remind, encourage, require) We ... a book about his experiences in the navy.

9.The judge said to the defendant, "You must not shout in the courtroom again."(ask, order, encourage) The defendant ... in the courtroom again.

Exercise 41. Complete the sentences with prepositions followed by Gerunds. Use the verbs in the given list. Use each verb only once.

make, see, cheat, kill, open, talk, finish, lock, prepare

e.g. Instead of asking for help on each arithmetic problem, you should use your book and try to figure out the answers yourself.

1.I look forward ... you the next time I'm in town.

2.Alice told us that she was tired ... for the exam last night.

3.The student was blamed ... during the test.

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4.Because of the bomb scare, no one was allowed in the building. People were prevented ... the front door by a guard who was stationed there.

5.You should listen to other people instead ... about yourself all the time.

6.Frank is an environmental conservationist who believes animals should be protected from hunters. He objects ... wild animals for sport.

7.Please don't argue ... your homework. Just do it.

8.Marie is responsible ... all the doors and windows and ... sure all the lights are turned off before she leaves work in the evening.

Exercise 42. Select the correct answer for each sentence using the Gerund or

the Infinitive.

1.Marjorie needs … (to find/ finding) another job. Her present company is going out of business.

2.Joan is considering … (to change/ changing) her major from pre-med studies to psychology.

3.Although Joe slammed on his brakes, he couldn't avoid … (to hit/ hitting) the small dog that suddenly darted out in front of his car.

4.If you delay … (to pay/ paying) your bills, you will only incur more and more interest charges.

5.My lawyer advised me not … (to say/ saying) anything further about the accident.

6.A procrastinator is one who habitually postpones … (to do/ doing) things - especially tasks that are unpleasant.

7.Nobody has offered … (to buy/ buying) the house next door, so I think they're going to lower the price.

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8.The highway patrol advises … (to take/ taking) the old route through the city because the interstate highway is under major repairs.

9.When the university suggested … (to raise/ raising) the tuition again, the student senate protested vigorously.

10.The city council agreed … (to accept/ accepting) the architect's proposed design for a new parking garage.

Exercise 43. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate Infinitive or Gerund form.

dimensional images the GUI made intuitive and spatial what had been memory intensive and laborious. 6) ... (Underlie) GUI components is a lot of computer

programming language. 16) ...(Use) the system requires some familiarity with the

common 17) ... (script) language Python. When the programmer

wants 18) ... (invoke) the functionality of one of those programs, she simply draws a box around the associated GUI. Instead of 19) ... (use) arcane terminology 20) ... (describe) the pin, or specifying the geographical coordinates of the map region‘s boundaries, the programmer can simply plug screen shots into the script: when this (the pin) gets here (the corner), send me a text.

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Exercise 44. Make up sentences using the Infinitive or the Gerund.

e.g. The doctor advised (get, more rest). / The doctor advised her to get more rest. She was advised (get, more rest)/She was advised to get more rest.

1.He has defied his landlord (evict, he, his home).

2.The accident caused the victim (lose, eyesight).

3.She implored her husband(not, leave, she).

4.He was invited (lecture, subject, ecology).

5.He was finally permitted (leave, country).

6.In the old days a man could be challenged(fight, duel, pistols or swords).

7.Please remind me (take, my pill, lunchtime).

8.The plumber asked them(turn off, water, few minutes).

9.His parents warned him(not, come, home, late).

10.All new students are required (report, health office, soon, possible).

11.He was warned (not, tell, what, he, know).

Exercise 45. Make up sentences using the given verbs.

e.g.: enjoy + watch -► Do you enjoy watching old movies on television?

talk about + take; discuss + go; avoid + eat; mention + have to go; go + jog; delay + put; finish + do; suggest + change; mind + have to stay; keep + ask; consider + go; quit + worry about; stop + cry; postpone + take.

Exercise 46. Work with another person. One of you should read the beginning of the sentence, and the other should supply the correct response: to do it or doing it. (If you are studying alone, cover up the answers in parentheses and check yourself as you go.)

e.g.: A: I enjoy. . . .

B: . . . studying computer science.

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Some verbs may take either Infinitive or Gerund form.

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