Косвенные вопросы
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Special Questions |
He asked (me)‑Онспросил(меня) He wanted to know ‑Онхотелзнать He wondered‑ Он поинтересовался | |
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“Where do you live?” “Where does he work?” “What is Nick doing?” “What have you prepared for today?” “When did you come home yesterday?” “When will your mother come home?” |
where I lived. where he worked. what Nick was doing. what I had prepared for that day. when I had come home the day before. when my mother would come home. | |
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General Questions |
He asked (me) He wanted to know He wondered | |
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“Do you play chess?” “Does she go to school?” “Are you listening to me?” “Have you done your homework?”
“Did you skate last winter?” |
if whether |
I played chess. shewent to school. I was listening to him. I had done my homework (before). I had skated the winter before.
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Повелительное наклонениезаменяется в косвенной речи инфинитивом. Отрицательная форма повелительного наклонения заменяется инфинитивом сnot:
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He Он |
asked попросил |
me мне |
to do it. сделатьэто. |
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ordered приказал | |||
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told велел |
not to do it. неделатьэтого. | ||
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advised посоветовал |
Некоторые указательные местоимения и наречия времени, места в косвенной речи изменяются в зависимости от контекста:
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DirectSpeech |
ReportedSpeech |
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this, these |
that, those, the |
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now |
then, at that time, at once, immediately |
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here |
there |
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tonight, today |
that night, that day |
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yesterday |
the day before |
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last night/week/month/year |
the previous night/week/month/year a night/week/month/year before |
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the day before yesterday |
two days before |
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tomorrow |
the next day/the following day |
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the day after tomorrow |
in two days’ time/two days later |
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next week/month/year |
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ago |
before |
Introductoryverbs
(глаголы, вводящие косвенную речь)
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Introductory verbs |
Direct speech |
Reported speech |
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agree+to-inf offer promise refuse threaten |
“Yes, I’ll help you.” “Shall I open the door?” “Of course I’ll pay you.” “No, I won’t go with you.” “Stop crying or I’ll punish you.” |
He agreed to help me. He offered to open thedoor. He promised to pay me. He refused to go with us. He threatened to punish me if I didn’t stop crying. |
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Advise+sb+to–inf ask beg command
invite order remind warn |
“You should see a lawyer.” “Could you help me?” “Please, please don’t hurt her!” “Stand to attention!”
“Will you have dinner with me?” “Leave the cat alone!” “Don’t forget to ring Ann.” “Don’t go near the rocks.” |
He advised me to see a lawyer. He asked me to help him. He begged me not to hurt her. He commanded the soldiers to stand to attention. He invited me to (have) dinner with him. She ordered me to leave the cat alone. She reminded me to ring Ann. He warned me not to go near the rocks. |
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admit + gerund
accuse sb of
apologise for
boast of/about complain to sb of deny insist on
suggest |
“Yes, I told her the secret.”
“You took the money.”
“I’m sorry I arrived so late.”
“I’m the fastest of all.” “I have a toothache.” “I didn’t take the book.” “You must come with us.”
“Let’s have a party.” |
He admitted (to) telling/having told her the secret. He accused me of taking/having taken the money. He apologized for arriving/having arrived so late. He boasted of/about being the fastest of all. He complained to me of having a toothache. He denied taking/having taken the book. He insisted on me/my going with them.
He suggested having a party. |
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agree + that-clause complain
deny explain exclaim/remark
promise suggest |
“Yes, it’s a big house.”
“You’re always lying to me.”
”I didn’t take that book” “That’s why I didn’t take it.” “What a sunny day it is!”
“Of course I’ll help you.” “You’d better see a doctor.” |
He agreed that it was a big house.
He complained that I was always lying to him. He denied that he had taken the book. He explained to me why he hadn’t taken it. He exclaimed/remarked that it was a sunny day. He promised that he would help me. He suggested that I (should) see a doctor. |
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Note: admit, advise, boast, insist, threaten, warn, remind can also be followed by a that-clause in Reported speech. | ||