Числительные
Количественные:
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 (one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten).
11- eleven
12 – twelve
13 – thirteen
От 14 до 19 добавляется -teen (fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen)
10 – ten
20 – twenty
30 – thirty
От 40 до 90 добавляется –ty (forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety)
100 – ahundred– как только произносится словоa hundredза ним следуетand:
108 – a hundred and eight
756 – seven hundred and fifty six
1.000 – athousand(разряды отделяются точкой)
1.011 – a thousand and eleven
6.259 – six thousand two hundred and fifty nine
1.000.000 – a million
7.456.291 – seven million four hundred and fifty six thousand two hundred and ninety one
XIX. Прочитайте следующие количественные числительные:
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14, 18, 36, 59, 48, 73, 98, 100, 256, 728, 404, 834, 999, 1 058, 5 026, 63 428, 703 521, 869 008, 1 328 457, 56 378 425.
Порядковые:
1-ый – the first
2 –ой – the second
3 - ий –thethird
Далее просто добавляется окончание – th:
4th – the fourth
19th – the nineteenth
561st – the five hundred and sixty first
XX. Прочитайте следующие порядковые числительные:
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14, 18, 36, 59, 48, 73, 98, 100, 256, 728, 404, 834, 999, 1 058, 5 026, 63 428, 703 521, 869 008, 1 328 457, 56 378 425.
Хронологические даты
До 2000 года:
1812, 1917, 1945 – делятся пополам и читаются по две цифры (eighteen twelve; nineteen seventeen; nineteen forty five).
Круглые даты: 1900, 1700, 1000 – nineteen hundred; seventeen hundred; ten hundred.
1907, 1506 - nineteen hundred and seven; fifteen hundred and six.
2000 год: Millennium.
После 2000 года:
2001 – two thousand and one;
2010 – two thousand and ten.
При этом слово “year” (год) к наименованию года не добавляется! Например:
В 1929 году. – In1929.
В 2015 году. – In2015.
XXI. Прочитайте следующие даты:
1147; 1242; 1380; 1606; 1612; 1667; 1700; 1703; 1707; 1755; 1773; 1800; 1812; 1825; 1856; 1861; 1900; 1905; 1937; 1945; 1961; 2000; 2007; 2014.
Text a Science
Science and engineering are necessary for modern society. Science is a systematic base of human knowledge about nature and society. It is clear that science is not only a system of acquiring knowledge but the investigation and study of phenomena by the scientific methods.
There were always only two main methods of scientific research. These are the generation of hypotheses about a phenomenon and experimentation. Scientific approach is essential for formation of different scientific theories and laws.
There are two main branches in science: experimental science and applied science. Experimental science is new investigations and experimentations in different fields of knowledge. Applied science is the application of scientific knowledge to specific human needs or solving a practical problem. Existing applied science is often impossible without experimental science. Today scientists are going to continue the development of applied science through the achievements in experimental science.
Applied science will be important for high technology development. It will be necessary and essential for designing and making high quality tools and systems. The use of science in industrial fields was the beginning for research and development (R&D).
Text B
Technology
The difference between science, engineering and technology is not always clear. Science is a system of acquiring knowledge on the base of scientific methods. Engineering is the process of designing and making tools and systems for practical human needs.
Technology is a combination of organizational and technical methods, skills, processes, techniques, tools and materials. These are important in the process of manufacturing products with optimal quality. Technology is impossible without scientific knowledge. The base of the modern technology is achievements in science progress.
Technology is often a result of science and engineering combination. But in some human activity technology is the beginning of these two fields. For example, existing tools and knowledge are necessary for different investigations and experiments. These investigations and experiments will be the beginning of new stages in technology.
Modern technology is a very important factor in society development. In many countries technology helps develop progressive economies. There are extraordinary numbers of examples of using science and technology in society today. An example of modern technology is the development of communicationtechnology. There will be fewer barriers to human interaction in the future. One great example is the mobile phone.
The high stage of development of modern technologies is high technology (hi-tech). Microelectronics, computer engineering, robotics, nuclear power engineering, aircraft and rocket technologies are the subjects of hi-tech.