8. Расскажите о высшем образовании в России.

9. Перескажите текст, пользуясь планом реферирования (см. Приложение). Обратите внимание на перевод следующих слов.

a definition – определение

to list – перечислять

according to – согласно

to grant – присуждать

a division – отделение

recreational – предназначенный для отдыха и развлечения

facilities – условия, возможности

a teaching assistant – доцент

competitive – конкурсный

to accept – принимать

to apply – подавать заявление о приеме

an applicant – абитуриент

The difference between a college and a university

This is a difficult question because there is more than one correct answer. In fact, there are 3 definitions for the word 'col­lege' (as it refers to a college in the USA) listed in the American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language.

According to the dictionary, a college is:

1. a school of higher learning that grants a bachelor's degree in arts or sciences or both;

2. an undergraduate division of a univer­sity that offers courses and grants undergrad­uate degrees in a particular field of study; or

3. a technical or professional school that grants a bachelor's or master's degree in that field.

A university is a school of higher learn­ing that grants a bachelor's degree, mas­ter's degree, and doctorate through differ­ent colleges within the university.

Many international students ask if a un­iversity is better than a college. The answer is that a university has advantages and disadvantages for an international student, and a college has advantages and disadvan­tages too.

The advantages of a university are that there are usually more research and recre­ational facilities, and more different kinds of courses offered. The disadvantages of a university are that courses taught to first-year students are often taught by teach­ing assistants who are graduate students themselves, and that the classes can be very large.

All colleges and universities in the USA are divided into:

– most competitive (admit only fewer than one third of those who apply);

– highly competitive;

– very competitive;

– competitive;

– less competitive;

– noncompetitive (accept all their appli­cants).

Colleges

College	Age	Degree	Length of Time
Junior college	From 18		2-year degree
College	From 18	BA, BS	4-5 years
Graduate school	From 22	MA, MS	2-3 years plus thesis
		PhD	3 years plus dissertation
Medical school	From 22	MD, DDS	4 years plus residency
Law school	From 22	JD	3 years

BA = Bachelor of Arts, BS = Bachelor of Science, MA = Master of Arts, MS = Master of Science, PhD = Doctorate (Professor), MD = Doctor, DDS = Dentist, JD = Lawyer.

10. Прочитайте и переведите текст. Some aspects of british university life

Of the full-time students now attending English Universities three quarters are men, and one quarter women. Nearly half of them are engaged in the study of arts subjects such as history, languages, economics or law, the others are studying pure or applied sciences such as medicine, dentistry, technology, or agriculture.

The University of London, for instance, includes internal and external students, the latter coming to London only to sit for their examinations. Actually most external students at London University are living in London. The colleges in the University of London are essentially teaching institutions, providing instruction chiefly by means of lectures, which are attended mainly by day students. The colleges of Oxford and Cambridge, however, are essentially residential institutions and they mainly use a tutorial method which brings the tutor into close and personal contact with the student. These colleges, being residential, are necessarily far smaller than most of the colleges of the University of London.

Education of University standard is also given in other institutions such as colleges of technology and agricultural colleges, which prepare their students for degrees or diplomas in their own fields.

The three terms into which the British University year is divided are roughly eight to ten weeks. Each term is crowded with activity and the vacations between the terms - a month at Christmas, a month at Easter, and three or four months in summer - are mainly periods of intellectual digestion and private study.

A person studying for a degree at a British University is called a graduate. B.A. or B.Sc. stands for Bachelor of Arts, or of Science, the firs degree. M.A. or M.Sc. denotes Master of Arts, or of Science. One can become a B.A. after three years of hard study, and an M.A. at the end of five years.