Exercises

I. Answer the following questions

1. What kind of disease is influenza? 2. What is influenza caused by? 3. How long does the incubation period last? 4. How does the disease begin? 5. Whom does influenza affect? 6. What are the main symptoms of influenza? 7. What complications may this disease have? 8. What must the patient do with the beginning of symptoms? 9. What does the treatment of this disease depend on? 10. What procedures relieve the muscular pains? 11. What remedies are used for treatment of influenza?

2. Ask your friend yes/no questions:

Influenza is a dangerous disease; the incubation period is long; the complications are serious in case of influenza; influenza is an infectious disease; influenza has an incubation period; diagnosis is difficult in case of influenza; the onset of the disease is sudden; influenza has fatal outcomes during epidemics; the patient has high temperature; influenza has complications; the patient has a headache in case of influenza; the patient keeps his bed when he has a high temperature; the disease affects only adult population; influenza spreads quickly; the patient always coughs when he is down with influenza; the patient feels pains in the back and joints; the patient takes some remedies for influenza.

III. Match the underlined words and their Russian

equivalents.

1. The onset of the disease is sudden, а) по меньшей мере

2. As to treatment b) тяжесть

3. it depends on the severity of disease, с) начало, наступление

4. The child recovered rapidly d) озноб

5. He must stay in bed for at least e) что касается three days f) быстро

6. The patient may have a chill when he has a high temperature.

IV. Find the sentences where “to be” may be translated as “должен”

1. The pathogenic microbes were to be tested in our laboratory.

2. The pathogenic microbes were tested in our laboratory.

3. Infectious diseases are to be differentiated from other ones.

4. Infectious diseases are not easily differentiated from others.

5. The drug was to be forbidden.

6. The drug was forbidden by the Pharmaceutic Committee.

V. Choose the correct verb form

1. The infection …(has, has to) spread over a large area. 2. The infection …(has hasto) be eliminated as quickly as possible. 3. The epidemiologist …(had, had to) the possibility to visit the area of infection. 4. The epidemiologist …(had, had to) visit the area of infection to study it at the spot. 5. The pathologic agent …(will have, will have to) be isolated by the end of the week. 6. The pathologic agent …(will have, will have to) been isolated by the end of the week.

VI. Fill in the gaps with English equivalents to «может», «должен»

At about 2 o’clock on a cold winter morning a man telephoned a doctor and asked him if he … come at once. “You … hurry”, he added. The doctor drove seven miles in answer to this call. When he reached the place the man who had called him said, “Doc, I overtired myself. I have not got any pain, but I have a terrible feeling that I … die soon. The doctor examined the patient, felt his pulse and took his temperature. “Have you made your will(завещание)?” he asked. “Why, no, Doctor”, the man looked frightened. “You … have done it long ago”, said the doctor. “Have you got a family?” “Yes”, said the patient. “You … send for them immediately, and your parents … be called, too.” “I say, Doc, do you think I am going to die?” “No, I don’t”, responded the doctor, “but I don’t want to be the only man you have made a fool of on the night like this”.

VII. Complete the sentences:

1. The room must be constantly .:. .2. The disease ... rapidly. 3. The onset is .... 4. In a mild case ... is the rule. 5. Death may ... .6. ... nursing is very important 7. The disease may have numerous and ... complications.

VIII. Read the following texts and say what new information they contain as compared with the previous text:

a) The onset of influenza is acute, without marked prodromal symptoms, with a rapid rise in temperature and general symptoms. Intense headaches, mainly in the region of the forehead, eyes and temples are characteristic. Children are irritable, sometimes apathetic; they have sleep and appetite disturbances. Vomiting and nosebleed are frequent. In some cases the upper respiratory tract is affected and catarrh of the mucous membranes begins.

b) Seasonal upper respiratory catarrh is one of the most widespread children's diseases, which occurs everywhere and affects children of all ages, particularly frequently very young ones. The cases increase during the cold time of the year possibly because children stay less outdoors and therefore do not get enough fresh air, but get greater contact with patients and carriers of bacilli.

IX. Retell this text in English

Грипп – самая распространённая заразная болезнь, отличающаяся разнообразием проявлений и многочисленными осложнениями. Грипп передаётся от больного к здоровому и поражает и взрослых и детей в любое время года. Инкубационный период ериппа очень короткий, от нескольких часов до двух суток. Эпидемии гриппа повторяются довольно часто ( (через два-три года), но периодически они принимают огромные размеры и охватывают всё население земного шара (так называемые пандемии). В 20 веке были две такие пандемии: в 1918-19 гг. пандемия пандемия гриппа (так называемая «испанка») охватила все страны света, в результате погибло 20 млн человек. Вторая пандемия имела место в 1957 г., тогда количество заболевших во всём мире было также очень велико, но число смертных случаев было сравнительно небольшим.

Возбудителем гриппа являются вирусы. Известно несколько видов гриппозных вирусов. Вирус гриппа, находящий ся на слизистых оболочках носа, рта и глотки больного, при чихании, кашле и разговоре попадает в воздух вместе с капельками слюны или носовой слизи, т.е. заражение происходит воздушно-капельным путём. В крови людей, перенёсших грипп, вырабатываются особые вещества ( так называемые защитные тела), которые в течение некоторого срока (1 – 2 года) обуславливают иммунитет организма к новому заболеванию данным типом вируса.

X. 1. Speak about the cause of influenza and its symptoms.

2.Speak about treatment of influenza and its complications.

3.Tell your group-mates how you were ill with influenza.

a)When was it? Did you have to call a doctor? What did he recommend or administer?

b)Have any of your relatives had influenza? What did they complain of? How did they try to improve their condition?

c)Speak of preventing influenza. What precautions should you take during an epidemic?